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Change of Basis

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Shahariar Nahid
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13 views5 pages

Change of Basis

Uploaded by

Shahariar Nahid
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Premier University

Presented By Presented to
Md Roni Mamun Or Rashid
3rd Semester Lecturer, Department of
ID: 0222220012201007 Mathematics

Assignment on:
 Change of Basis

Signature:
Change of Basis
Let, {e1,e2,….,en} and {f1,f2,…..,fn} are basis of a vector space V(k). Since {ei} is a basis of each
vector into the new basis {fi} can be written uniquely as a linear combination of vectors in {eij}
say,

F1= a11e1+ a12e2+…...+ a1nen .


F2= a21e1+ a22e2+…...+ a2nen .

Fn= an1e1+ an2e2+…...+ anmen .


Then the transpose of the matrix P of coefficient is called the change of basis/ transition matrix
from the old basis {ei} to new basis {fi}.

Problem-1: let, {e1=(1,0),e2=(0,1)} and {f1=(1,1),f2=(-1,0)} are the basis of R2-space. Find the
transition matrix pat Q. Verify PQ= I.

Solution: Using the definition of change of basis i.e express each vector e as a linear
combination of vectors in f. We do this by first finding the co-ordinates of arbitrary vectors x
and y.
So, f1= x*e1+ y*e2
(1, 1)= x*(1,0)+ y*(0,1)
x=1 & y=1
So, (1, 1)= 1*(1, 0)+ 1*(1,0)
i.e, f1= 1e1+ 1e2 (1)
Again, f2= r*e1+ s*e2
(-1,0) = r*(1, 0)+ s*(1,0)
r= -1
s= 0
So, (-1,0) = -1*(1, 0)+ 0*(1,0)
i.e, f2= -1*r+0*s (2)

Thus, [ 1 1]
P= −1 0 ^T

=[ 1 0 ]
1 −1
Again let, e1= a*f1+ b*f2
(1,0)= a*(1,1)+ b*(-1,1)
a-b= 1 &
a= 0 & b= -1
So, e1= 0*f1+ (-1)*f2 (3)
And,
C2= c*f1+ d*f2
(0,1)= c*(1,1)+ d*(-1,1)
c-d= 0
c= 1 & d= 1
So, e2= 1*f1+ 1*f2 (4)

[ 0 −11 ]^T = [−10 11]


So, Q= 1

Now, PQ=[ 1 0 ] [−1 1 ] = [ 0 1 ] = I.


1 −1 0 1 1 0

Problem-2: Consider the following two bases of R : 3

E= {e1, e2, e3} = {(1, 0, 0), (0, 1, 0), (0, 0, 1)}


And S = {u1, u2, u3} = {(1, 0, 1), (2, 1, 2), (1, 2, 2)}
(a) Find the change-of-basis matrix P from the basis E to the basis S.
(b) Find the change-of-basis matrix Q from the basis S to the basis E.

(a) Solution: Because E is the usual basis, we can immediately write each basis element of S
as a linear combination of the basis elements of E. Specifically,
u1 = (1, 0, 1) = e1+ e3

[ ]
1 2 1
u2 = (2, 1, 2) = 2e1 + e2 +2e3 and hence, P= 0 1 2
1 2 2
Again, the coordinates of u1, u2, u3 appear as the columns in P. Observe that P is simply the
matrix whose columns are the basis vectors of S. This is true only because the original basis
was the usual basis E.
(b) Solution: The definition of the change-of-basis matrix Q tells us to write each of the (usual)
basis vectors in E as a linear combination of the basis elements of S. This yields
e1 = (1, 0, 0)= -2u1 + 2u2 - u3

[ ]
−2 −2 3
e2 = (0, 1, 0)= -2u1 + u2 and hence, Q = 2 1 −2
−1 0 1

e3 = (0, 0, 1) = 3u1 - 2u2 + u3


We emphasize that to find Q, we need to solve three 3*3 systems of linear equations—one
3*3 system for each of e1, e2, e3.

Problem-3: Consider the following two bases of R : 3

E = {e1, e2, e3} = {(1, 0, 0), (0, 1, 0), (0, 0, 1)}


And S = {u1, u2, u3} = {(1, 0, 1), (2, 1, 2), (1, 2, 2)}
The change-of-basis matrix P from E to S and its inverse P−1 were obtained in problem-2.
(a) Write v = (1, 3, 5) as a linear combination of u1, u2, u3, or, equivalently, find [ v ]S .

[ ]
1 3 −2
(b)Let A = 2 −4 1 , which may be viewed as a linear operator on R3. Find the matrix B that
3 −1 2

represents A relative to the basis S.

(a) Solution: One way to do this is to directly solve the vector equation v = xu1 + yu2 + zu3;
that is,
x + 2y + z = 1

[] [] [] []
1 1 2 1 y + 2z = 3
3 =x 0 +y 1+z 2 or
5 1 2 2 x + 2y + 2z = 5

The solution is x = 7, y = 5, z = 4, so v = 7u1 - 5u2 + 4u3.


On the other hand, we know that [ v ] E =[1, 3 , 5]T , because E is the usual basis, and we already
know P−1. Therefore, by problem-2,
[ ][] [ ]
−2 −2 3 1 7
[ v ]S = P−1 [ v ] E = 2 1 −2 * 3 = −5
−1 0 1 5 4

Thus, again, v = 7u1 - 5u2 + 4u3.

(b) Solution: The definition of the matrix representation of A relative to the basis S tells us
to write each of A(u1), A(u2), A(u3) as a linear combination of the basis vectors u1, u2, u3 of S.
This yields,
A(u1) = (1, 3, 5) = 11u1 - 5u2 + 6u3

[ ]
11 21 17
A(u2)= (1, 2, 9) = 21u1 - 14u2 + 8u3 and hence, B = −5 −1 4 −8
6 8 2
A(u3)= (3, 4, 5) = 17u1 - 8e2 + 2u3
We emphasize that to find B, we need to solve three 3*3 systems of linear equations—one 3*3
system for each of A(u1), A(u2), A(u3).

[ ]
11 21 17
The matris is, B= −5 −1 4 −8 .
6 8 2

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