SANJIVANI K.B.

P POLYTECHNIC
KOPARGAON

SANJIVANI RURAL EDUCATION OF SOCIETY

S.K.B.P.POLYTECHNIC, KOPARGAON
DIST.AHMEDNAGAR-423601

(2024-2025)
EMD ( 22564 )
Element of machine design
A PROJECT REPORT ON
Type of gear used in bike
SUMITTED TO THE MSBTE, MUMBAI IN PARTIALFULFILLMENT OF THE
REQUIREMENT FOR THE AWARDDIPLOMA IN MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
BY
(107) Yash Jawale
 SANJIVANI K.B.P POLYTECHNIC
KOPARGAON

CERTIFICATE
THIS IS TO CERTIFY THAT PROJECT
SUBMITTED BY
(107) Yash Jawale

Are a bonafide work carried out by above student under the supervision Of
Mr.D.A.PATIL .and it is submitted towards the fulfilment of the requirement of
MSBTE, Mumbai for the award of Diploma in Mechanical Technology

H.O.D signecher
(Project Coordinator)
 INTRODUCTION OF GEAR
 Gear drive is used when centre distance between drive and driven shafts is very small.
 Gear drive consists of two wheels. The smaller wheel is called as pinion and the large
wheel is called as a gear .
 In case of belt or rope drive, slipping of belt or rope is a common phenomenon, which
leads to loss of power transmission between two shafts and decrease in velocity ratio Of
the system
 In gear drive, slip is absent therefore, it give exact and uniform velocity ratio .due to its
Ability of maximum power transmission and exact velocity ratio, gear drive is called as
Perfect positive drive
 Gear are defined as, “toothed wheels, which can transmit power and motion From one
shaft to another shaft by means of successive engagement of teeth”.
 Gear are also called as toothed wheels

 CLASSIFICATION OF GEARS

GEAR

Intersecting Non-intersecting Non-intersecting and

Parallel shaft
Shaft axes gears and perpendicular Non-perpendicular
Axes gears
shaft Axes gear Shaft axes gears

1. spur gears Bevel gears Worm gears Spiral gears

2.helical gears
3.herringbone gears
4.rack and pinion
 MATERIALS USED FOR GEARS

 Gears are manufactured from metallic and non-metallic materials

1. METALIC MATERIALS:

a. CAST IRON :

 Cast iron is commonly used material for manufacturing gears due to its good properties,
such as, good machinability, high wear resistance etc.

b. Steel:

 Steel is used, where high strength is required. steel is heat treated to get good toughness
and tooth hardness.

 There are various types of steels used for gears ranging from plain carbon steel to high alloy
steels and low carbon steel to high carbon steel.

 Plain carbon steels are used for medium duty applications, whereas, alloy steels are used
for heavy duty applications.

c. Non-ferrous metal:

 Non-ferrous metals like copper, zinc, tin, aluminium, manganese etc. are used in various
combinations as gear materials.

 Most commonly used material is bronze due to its ability to withstand heavy loads.

 Non- -ferrous metal is preferably used in case of worm gears due to its ability of reducing
the effect of wear, which is a common problem found in other metallic materials.

2. Non-metallic materials:

 In case of light duty applications, gears may be made up of non-metallic materials like,
wood, nylon etc.

 Criteria for selection of gear materials

1.strength 2. Wear resistance 3. Service condition

4. shock resistance 5. Speed. 6. Degree of accuracy

 Types
 Spur gear
 Helical gear
 Bevel Gear
 Spiral bevel gear

1. Spur gear

Sporting a simple design, spur gears are the commonest types of gears in machines today.
Spur gears belong to the class of gears where the tooth is parallel to the shaft. Considering
that these gears have a parallel design, the efficiency of transmission of both motion and
power is usually high.
One distinct feature of spur gears is that they do not transmit load in the axial direction.
Also, the way spur gears are set up makes them the optimal gear for processes that do not
require a high speed.
Application:
Construction equipment: Pumps, conveyors, and other equipment
Machining: Tools and other applications
Fuel pumps: In various applications
Mills: Rolling mills, power units, and cement units
Mechanical transportation systems: Engines, trains, and bicycles
Conveyors: In various applications
Motors and gear pumps: In various applications
Nautical industries: In marine engines and gate controlling mechanisms
Film industry: In film winding and cutting equipment
Power plants: In trains of spur gears that convert wind or hydroelectric energy into
electricity
2. Helical Gear

Helical gears are so named because of their helix shape, similar to helical springs. Like spur
gears, helical gears are commonly used across manufacturing industries and machines.
However, unlike spur gears with teeth positioned parallel to the shaft, helical gears have
their teeth set at an angle to the shaft. Also, more teeth are involved when transmitting
motion and speed, which translates to helical gears having the ability to carry more load
Application :
Fertilizer, printing, and earth-moving industries
Steel, rolling mills, power, and port industries
Textile, plastic, and food industries
Conveyors, elevators, blowers, compressors, oil industries, and cutters

3. Bevel Gear

A bevel gear is a cone-shaped gear with teeth around the cone that is used for the
transmission of force between intersecting shafts. The shafts can intersect perpendicularly
or at a specific angle. This gear type is not widely used in the industry because it is relatively
expensive. Still, the gear is used in the manufacture of mixers and crushers
Application:
Speed control
.Transmission
Right-angle turns
Hypoid bevel gears
. Zerol bevel gears

4.Spiral bevel gear

A spiral bevel gear is a bevel gear with helical teeth. The main application of this is in a
vehicle differential, where the direction of drive from the drive shaft must be turned 90
degrees to drive the wheels. The helical design produces less vibration and noise than
conventional straight-cut or spur-cut gear with straight teeth.
Application:
automotive differentials, aerospace transmissions, marine propulsion systems, heavy
machinery, pumps, turbines, and compressors.

 Gear used in bike