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First Aid in Sports-1

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27 views26 pages

First Aid in Sports-1

Uploaded by

utkarshhadge3032
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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FIRST AID IN SPORTS

Dr. Ekamdeep Chouhan


Department of Sports Medicine
NSNIS, Patiala
Introduction

● Definition – First aid is the first and immediate assistance given


to any person with either a minor or serious illness or injury.
● Aims
1. To preserve life
2. Prevent the condition from worsening, or
3. To promote recovery until medical services arrive.
● Learning objectives
1. Acute injury management
2. Management of some medical emergencies
First Aid Kit

● A first aid kit consists of a strong, durable bag or transparent plastic box.
● Following items are required:
1. Sterile dressings(of different sizes)- gauze and cotton
2. Antiseptic Solutions
3. Gloves
4. Scissors
5. Ice packs/bags
6. Band aids
7. Crepe Bandages
8. Microporous tape
9. Distilled water
10. Thermometer
11. Glucometer
12. BP apparatus
First Aid - Open Wounds

Stop Clean Cover


Stop the Clean the Cover the
bleeding wound Wound
First Aid – Nose Bleed

● Stop the activity


● Sit with your head leaning
forward
● Pinch the nostrils together
and breathe through your
mouth
● Hold your nose atleast for
10 minutes
● If bleeding continues past
20-30 minutes ,seek
medical help.
First Aid - Closed wounds/injuries
POLICE/PRICE
Earlier Now

P – Protection P – Protection
R – Rest 0 – Optimal
I – Ice L Loading
C – Compression I – Ice
E – Elevation C – Compression
E – Elevation
POLICE
Protection
● Protect the body part from further injury.
● A brief period of complete immobilization is necessary to prevent
excessive distention at the injury site, reduce the size of
hematoma and thus minimise the size of connective tissue scar.
● Can be achieved by

1. Casts

2. Splints or Rigid braces

3. Crutches for severe lower limb injuries


POLICE
Optimal Loading

● Prolonged immobilization should be avoided as it affects the healing of


ligaments, tendon and muscles .
● Immobilization affects surrounding structures leading to joint stiffness, muscle
atrophy and loss of strength.
● Loading as per tolerance – Pain free
● Limit immobilization to minimum
POLICE
Ice
● Minimizes swelling by vasoconstriction
● Decreases pain
● Ice packs are used – a wet towel should
be placed between icepack and skin.
● Application:
- 15 – 20 min
- 4 – 5 times daily (depending on Severity)
- Initial 72 hours
POLICE
Compression
● Often used following acute soft tissue
injury
● Reduces swelling
● Light to moderate pressure is
recommended
● Bandaging should start just distal to the
injury site with each layer of bandage
overlapping the underlying layer by one
half.
PRICE
Elevation
● Allows for excess fluid to
drain away more easily
● Reduces swelling
● By using a sling for upper
limb injuries
● By resting lower limbs on a
chair or pillow
First Aid – fracture

● If you suspect a fracture, always


seek immediate medical care.
● Limit movement and immobilize the
area with a splint if one is available.
● Elevate the limb and apply ice to
reduce bruising and swelling.
● If the skin is broken, try to cover the
wound by sterile dressing pad.
Sudden cardiac arrest/death

● Sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) is


a condition in which the heart
suddenly stops beating.
● When that happens, blood
stops flowing to the brain and
other vital organs.
● If it is not treated, SCA usually
causes death within minutes.
UNCONSCIOUS
ATHLETE

• ASSESSMENT

• CARDIO PULMONARY
RESUSCITATION -CPR

• AUTOMATED EXTERNAL
DEFIBRILLATOR - AED
Assessment / Primary Survey

Danger – Look for Scene safety

Response – Tap and Shout. Call for help and Ambulance (108)

Airway – look for airway

Breathing – Look, listen and feel for spontaneous breathing or


gasping not more than 10 sec

Circulation – Check Carotid pulse. Not more than 10 sec


CPR - CAB

● Involves :
1. Compressions
2. Airway
3. Breathing
Chest Compression

● Ensure patient is lying on a flat hard


surface
● Expose the chest
● Place the heel of the hand in the
centre of the chest. Place the other
hand on top of it. Interlock fingers
● Rate 100 to 120/min
● Depth for adults is at least 5 cm but
not greater than 6 cm.
● Allow full chest recoil
Airway

● After 30 compressions,
open airway by HEAD TILT
AND CHIN LIFT method.
Breathing

● 30 chest compressions should be


followed by 2 breaths.
● Pocket mask can be used if
available. Otherwise give mouth
to mouth breathing.
● Observe chest rise
● Then continue the same cycle of
30:2 till AED or other medical
help arrives.
Automated External Defibrillator (AED)

● Steps:
1. Apply the pads – one on right side of
chest just below collar bone and
other on left side of chest below the
nipples
2. Turn on AED
3. Follow the voice commands
Heat stroke

● Heatstroke is a medical emergency. Medical care should be obtained at once; a


delay in treatment can be fatal.
● This condition is characterized by a very high body temperature (104 degrees
Fahrenheit or greater)

● The person may be dizzy, nauseated, confused.


● Lethargy, unresponsiveness indicate more advanced and critical heat stroke
● Physical examination typically reveals hot, sweaty skin, rapid pulse, and low BP
Heat stroke – First aid

● Activate the emergency action plan,


● Assess core temperature/vital signs
● immediate cooling of the body with cold water
immersion / using cold, wet ice towels
● When the temperature is lowered to 38 degrees,
stop cooling procedures.
● When the athlete is fully conscious give fluids,
such as water or lemonade, to replenish fluid and
electrolytes
CPR Demonstration

● https://youtu.be/DUaxt8OlT3o?feature=sharede/hTS6gtaTHcI?feature=shared
● https://youtu.be/hTS6gtaTHcI?feature=shared
Thank You

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