exam quastions revised
exam quastions revised
Policy
Policy development
Organization
Planning and
Policy
implementation
Organizational dev.
Measuring
performance
Reviewing
performance
• Air
– Air toxicity
– Smog
– Global Warming
– Ozone Depletion
Chapter Ten (Health and safety management)
1. State the three basic hazardous material communications?
- Warning labels on all containers indicating the specific hazard posed,
- Posting of material safety data sheets,
- Specialized training regarding the safe handling, transporting, storage and use
of the chemicals.
2. What safety and health?
Health and safety in the context of construction industry is the discipline of
preserving the health of those who build, operate, maintain and demolish
engineering works.
• The term safety generally applies to the freedom from risk of injury.
• Whereas the term health refers to the freedom from the immediate and long
term effects of
Health and safety is not only confined to construction works on site
• Design engineers, architects and surveyors are exposed to hazards during the
investigatory stage of a project.
• The activities in the construction industry are different from other engineering
industries, such as in automotive industry.
3. What are the main distinguishing features of construction industry via
other engineering industries
All construction works are unique;
Large construction works, such as airport; dams and highways are
mainly owned by the government;
Huge labor and machine intensive works on construction sites; it is
influenced by changes in climate and availability of resources.
Due to the fact that thousands of people are engaged in construction
industry.
It is therefore absolutely essential to design/formulate appropriate
health and safety procedures.
4. State some of safety and health problems?
- Accidents that occur during construction and demolition works result in
injury.
- Accident can occur even before works begin, during survey and
investigatory phase of a project.
- Construction procedures causing death or injury to those engaged on the
work and to members of the public.
- In Ethiopian construction industry accidents have not been well documented.
Nevertheless, it is reported that many people lost their life on construction
sites and many more are seriously injured.
- Not only are construction workers who suffer injuries and death but also
their dependents who are not directly employed in the industry. Besides
human tragedies, accidents could incur substantial economic cost to the
industry due to the fact that it could also cause:
Damage to plant and equipment;
Damage to work already completed;
Loss of productive work time;
Reduced work rate;
Legal costs and fires;
Increased insurance premiums; and
Loss of confidence and reputation.
5. The main causes of accidents could be basically categorized in to?
i) Falls: which include people falling from one level to another; people
falling at the same level, plant and material falling, structure collapsing and
striking;
ii) Stepping on or striking against objects;
iii) Lifting and carrying;
iv) Machinery;
v) Electricity;
vi) Transport; and
vii) Fire and explosives
In addition to hazards associated with accidents, there are also health
problems associated with construction works, which may be categorized into:
- Chemical hazards: those due to liquids, dust, gas and fires;
- Physical hazards: those due to cold, heat, noise, vibration, ionizing and non-
ionizing radiation and compressed air;
- Biological infection for works in sewers and contaminated sites;
- Water and food borne diseases.
6. Write down at least 10 basic safety checklist?
- Safe access
- Cranes and lifting appliances
- Ladders and Scaffolds
- Lifting ropes
- Excavations
- Hoists
- Roof work
- Electricity
- Work on Tall
- Chimneys and Silos Health risks
- Transport
- Protective clothing's
- Hand tools
- Fire
- Electrical tools
- Highly inflammable liquids Explosives
- Wood working machines
- Noise
- Concrete working equipment
- Falsework/Formwork
- Conveyors
- Erection and Dismantling of refabricated
- Crusher plants structures
- Formwork
- Welfare
- Trespassers