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7 views20 pages

exam quastions revised

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esk.adm2020
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Chapter Three (Fall Protection)

1. What is fall protection?


Fall protection is a series of reasonable steps taken to eliminate or control the injuries
or impacts of personals from falling or in the event they do fall.
2. What are the four conventional fall protection systems?
- Guardrails
- Personal fall arrester system(PFAS)
- Safety nets
- Hole covers
3. What are the four specialized fall protection system?
- Safety monitor
- Warning line
- Control access zone
- Fall protection plan
4. There are four general types of guardrail ranging from weakest and
inexpensive to strongest and expensive. State them?
- Cable and wood posts
- Steel and wood/metal posts
- Steel box beam
- Concrete barriers
5. Describe the nine unsafe work site conditions where fall protection is needed?
Or use fall protection on?
- Walkways and ramps
- Open sides and edges
- Holes
- Concrete forms and rebar
- Excavation
- Roofs
- Wall opening
- Brick laying
- Residential construction
6. What are the uses of safety training?
- To recognize the hazards
- To minimize the hazards
7. Fall protection training must cover?
- Fall hazards
- Fall protection system
- Use fall protection system
8. Where there is a danger of tools, materials, or equipment falling from a
scaffold and striking employees below, the following provisions apply?
- The area below the scaffold is to be barricaded, and the area should be
prohibited to enter.
- A toe board is to be erected along the edge of platforms which are more than
10 feet above lower levels
- Where tools, materials, or equipment are piled to a height higher than the top
edge of the toe board, a guardrail is to be erected for a distance sufficient to
protect employees below.
- A guardrail system is to be installed with openings small enough to prevent
passage of potential falling objects.
- A canopy structure, debris net, or catch platform is to be erected over the
employees below.
9. A personal fall arrest system (PFAS) must include?
- Anchoring
- Body harness (Body wear)
- Connector lanyard
Chapter Four (Scaffold Use in the Construction Industry)
1. State the 10 OSHA scaffolding standards and key provisions?
- Fall protections and personal fall arrest system
- Guardrail height
- Cross bracing
- Mid rails
- Platforms
- Guying tie and bracing
- Capacity
- Training
- Inspection
- Erecting and dismantling
2. Describe some of the standard requires the competent person to perform?
In General:
- To select and direct employees who erect, dismantle, move, or alter scaffolds.
- To determine if it is safe for employees to work on or from a scaffold during storms
or high winds and to ensure that a personal fall arrest system or wind screens protect
these employees.
- To train employees involved in erecting, disassembling, moving, operating,
repairing, maintaining, or inspecting scaffolds to recognize associated work hazards.
- To inspect scaffolds and scaffold components for visible defects before each work
shift
- To inspect ropes on suspended scaffolds prior to each work shift
- To inspect manila or plastic (or other synthetic) rope being used for top rails or mid
rails.
- To evaluate direct connections to support the load
- To evaluate the need to secure two-point and multi-point scaffolds to prevent
swaying.
- To determine the feasibility and safety of providing fall protection and access
- To train erectors and dismantlers to recognize associated work hazards
- To determine if a scaffold will be structurally sound when intermixing components
from different manufacturers.
- To design the rigging for single-point adjustable suspension scaffolds.
- To design platforms on two-point adjustable suspension types that are less than 36
Inches (0.9 m) wide to prevent instability
- To design scaffold components construction in accordance with the design
3. Describe some of the requirements for all types of suspension scaffolds?
- Employers must ensure that all employees are trained to recognize the hazards
associated with the type of scaffold being used
- All support devices must rest on surfaces capable of supporting at least four times
the load imposed on them
- A competent person must evaluate all direct connections prior to use
- All suspension scaffolds must be tied or otherwise secured to prevent them from
swaying
- Guardrails, a personal fall arrest system, or both must protect each employee more
than 10 feet
- A competent person must inspect ropes for defects prior to each work shift
- When scaffold platforms are more than 24 inches (61 centimeters) above or below
a point of access, ladders, ramps, walkways, or similar surfaces must be used.
- When using direct access, the surface must not be more than 24 inches (61
centimeters) above or 14 inches (36 cm) horizontally from the surface.
- Emergency escape and rescue devices must not be used as working platforms
4. State the types of access to scaffolds as per OSHA?
- ladders, such as portable or fixed
- Stair tower
- ramp and walk ways
- Integral prefabricated frames
5. Describe the 10 types of scaffolds as per OSHA requirements?
- Aerial lifts
- Boatswains’ chair
- Catenary scaffold
- Crawling board (chicken ladder)
- Float scaffold
- Ladder jack scaffold
- Needle beam scaffold
- Self-contained adjustable scaffold when supported by ropes
- Single-point and two-point suspension scaffolds
- Supported scaffold
6. What is aerial lift?
- Vehicle mounted aerial devices used to elevate employees such as extensible boom
plat forms, aerial lifts, articulating boom platforms, and vertical towers.
7. What are the specific requirements for aerial lifts?
- Only authorized personnel can operate aerial lifts.
- The manufacturer or equivalent must certify any modification.
- The insulated portion must not be altered to reduce its insulating value.
- Lift controls must be tested daily.
- Controls must be clearly marked.
- Brakes must be set and outriggers used.
- Boom and basket load limits must not be exceeded.
- Employees must wear personal fall arrest systems, with the lanyard attached to the
boom or basket.
- No devices to raise the employee above the basket floor can be used.
Chapter Two (Hazards in Construction Sites)
1. Why construction industries are much hazardous?
- Because the industry is Labor intensive, and involves a large percentage of
unskilled labor as compared to other industrial sectors.
- Additionally the dynamic nature of construction activities also exposes
workers to a proportionately high number of job-related accidents and
diseases.
- At construction sites, working areas, equipment, machinery, trenching, and
scaffolding are regularly being moved, being assembled and disassembled, or
modified.
- The dynamic nature of Construction Sites which constantly change are risk
factors.
2. Define clearly what is meant by hazards, incidents, accidents and risks?
- Hazards are unsafe work conditions which are the potential to cause harm.
Harm including ill health and injury, damage to property, plant, products or
the environment, production losses or increased liabilities.
- Incident means: - An unsafe occurrence arising out of work or undesired
circumstances which could cause accidents.
- Accident: a happening or event that is not expected, foreseen, or intended.
which give rise to ill-health or injury, damage to property, plant, products or
the environment; production losses or increased liabilities.
- Risk is the probability of a hazard causing injury, is a measure of both the
likelihood and the consequences of all hazards of an activity or condition. It
is the chance of injury, damage, or loss.
3. What is hazard assessment?
- A thorough examination of an operation to identify the actual and potential
hazards prior to work commencing and whenever the work or work
environment changes.
4. What is job hazard?
- A job hazard analysis is a technique that focuses on job tasks as a way to
identify hazards before they occur. It focuses on the relationship between the
worker, the task, the tools, and the work environment.
5. What are the two basic ways of identifying and mitigating the hazard?
- Proactive (Prevention based)
- Reactive approaches.
Proactive approaches include:
– Regulations: regulations will list specific hazards that need to be addressed in your
workplace.
– Codes of practice/Guidelines: these will describe industry practices used to protect
against common hazards.
– Education: education about hazard control, evolving technology and workplace
safety and health.
Reactive resources include:
– Incident statistics/trend analysis: reviewing the statistics and incident patterns will
help you identify the types of hazards that are causing incidents.
- First aid records: your records will show injuries the enquiring first aid treatment.
You can then identify the hazards.
– Education: providing training after incidents occur.
– Experience: if you have experienced a hazard, you will be more likely to identify
when a hazard is present and share what you know with others.
– Consultation: you will need to consult with workers who are working with or near
the hazards, experts such as engineers, maintenance personnel or manufacturers of
equipment or materials you are using.
6. What is the target of a job hazard analysis?
- What can go wrong?
- What are the consequences?
- How could it arise?
- What are other contributing factors?
- How likely is it that the hazard will occur?
7. In a construction site there may be many types of hazards, what are the three
basic types of hazards?
- Safety hazards;
- Health Hazards;
- Environmental Hazards.
8. List down some of the safety hazards?
- Unsafe work practice
- Falling hazards
- Electrical hazards
- Fire and explosion hazards
- Moving parts of machinery, tools and equipment, and general housekeeping.
- Working at height
- Pressure systems (steam boilers and pipes).
- Equipment operation and maintenance (vehicles, forklifts and trucks).
- Materials falling from height, rolling, shifting or caving in.
- Ergonomic problems.
- Work place violence
7. Mention the five types of health hazards?
A health hazard may produce serious and immediate effects or it may cause long-
term problems on works health.
- Chemical hazards (battery acid, solvents).
- Biological hazards (bacteria, viruses, dusts, molds).
- Physical agents (energy sources) strong enough to harm the body (electric
currents, heat, light, noise, radiation).
- Ergonomic Hazards risks for musculoskeletal injuries (forceful exertions,
awkward or sustained postures, repetitive work).
- Psychosocial hazards (harassment, violence, shift work, workplace stress).
8. What are the five types of environmental hazards?
- Dusty work environment.
- Toxic atmospheres such as painting work.
- Poorly ventilated areas causing oxygen deficiency.
- Noise hazard.
- Radiation.
9. State the five hierarchy of control of hazards/risk which are indicated by their
effectiveness?
- Elimination: Physically removing the hazard.
- Substitution: Replace the hazard.
- Engineering control: Isolate People form the Hazard.
- Administrative control: Change the way people work.
- PPE: Protect the worker with Personal Protective Equipment.
10. State the four main ways to control hazards?
- Elimination (including substitution): remove the hazard from the
workplace, or substitute (replace) hazardous materials or machines with less
hazardous ones.
- Engineering Controls: includes designs or modifications to plants,
equipment, ventilation systems, and processes that reduce the source of
exposure.
- Administrative Controls: controls that alter the way the work is done,
including timing of work, policies and other rules, and work practices such as
standards and operating procedures (including training, housekeeping, and
equipment maintenance, and personal hygiene practices).
- Personal Protective Equipment: equipment worn by individuals to reduce
exposure such as contact with chemicals or exposure to noise.
11. What is hazard communication? Describe the three basic types of safety
hazard communication technics?
- Hazard communication program
- Container labelling
- Material safety data sheet(MSDS)
12. What is the employer’s responsibility in Hazard communication?
- Identify and list hazardous chemicals in their workplaces obtain Material
Safety Data Sheets (MSDSs) and labels for each hazardous chemical, if not
provided by the manufacturer, importer, or distributor.
- Implement a written HazCom program, including labels, MSDSs, and
employee training.
- Communicate hazard information to employees through labels, MSDSs, and
formal training programs.
13.Describe the 6 Hazard preventive focus areas or strategies in summary?
- Determining that a hazard or potential hazard exists.
- Where feasible, preventing hazards by effective design of job or job site.
- If the hazard cannot be eliminated, use hazard controls
- Apply Engineering Controls.
- Eliminate or control hazards in a timely manner.
- Use PPE.
14. List down the types of personal protective equipment’s (PPE)?
- Helmet/hair nets and caps for Head Protection;
- Face shield/Hood for Face Protection;
- Respirators for Mouth Protection;
- Ear plug for Ears Protection;
- Spectacles/Goggles/welding helmet for Eyes Protection;
- Gloves for Hands Protection.
- Boots/leggings for Legs Protection;
- Safety shoe for Feet Protection;
- Full body suits/Aprons for full body protection.
- Dust mask
- Reflective vests
15. Helmet or hard hats are divided in to three industrial class, mention these
three class with their uses?
Class A
- For general service only.
- Provides good impact protection.
- Has limited voltage protection.
- Used in mining, building construction, shipbuilding, and manufacturing.
Class B
- Provide good impact protection.
- Protect against high-voltage shock and burns.
Class C
- Offer limited protection.
- Do not protect against falling objects or electric shock.
16.Describe the four basic helmet accessories?
- Chin strap,
- Face shield,
- Earmuffs, and
- Head lamp.
17.State the 6 types of respiratory protective equipment’s?
- Dust Mask;
- ½ Mask;
- Full Mask;
- Powered Air Purifying Respirator (PAPR);
- Supplied Airline Respirator;
- Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA).
18.Describe the sixth types of gloves?
- Disposable: light-weight plastic; can help guard against mild irritants.
- Fabric: cotton or fabric blend; improve grip or insulate from heat or cold.
- Leather: guard against injuries from sparks or scraping against rough
surfaces. Combine with an insulated liner when working with electricity.
- Chemical Resistance: nitrile, neoprene, vinyl, etc; protect hands from
chemical exposure.
- Metal Mesh: protect hands from cuts and scratches; used commonly with
sharp instruments.
- Aluminized Fabric: insulate hands from intense heat; commonly used with
molten materials.
Chapter Nine (Training on Safety)
1. Construction site workers must go through a comprehensive site induction
course before commencement of work. What are this compressive site
inductions?
- Nature of the Project Construction risks
- Safety precautions ,
- Safety policy
- Safety rules
- Key contact persons
- Location of safety & welfare facilities
- Procedures to deal with emergencies
- Accident reporting
- Safety Incentive & Award Scheme
- Safety training & tool box talks
- Personal safety obligations and rights.
2. Safety inductions must inform the worker?
- What is Safe work practice
- The responsibility of every worker for his/her own safety and that of others.
- To inform the supervisor if there are any risks that are inherent in the work he
is expected to do.
3. An effective occupational safety and health program includes the following
elements:
- Management commitment and employee involvement.
- Worksite analysis.
- Hazard Identification prevention and control.
- Safety and health training.
- Enforcement Provisions
4. List down those program and procedure that Documented Safety Management
plan includes?
- Safety Policy
- Organization: Identified roles and responsibilities
- Planning: hazard assessment and control
- Implementation: Safety Induction Training/Control measures
- Monitoring: Incident reporting, Audit action plans, Inspections
- Take Corrective Measures
5. List down the 13 elements of safety program?
 Safety Policy
 Hazard Assessment
 Safe Work Practices
 Safe Work Procedures
 Company Safety Rules
 Personal Protective Equipment
 Preventative Maintenance
 Training & Communication
 Inspections and audits
 Investigations & Reporting
 Emergency Preparedness
 Statistics & Records
 Legislation
6. Show in diagram developing a safety management plan(British Standard
Institute)

Policy
Policy development

Organization

Planning and
Policy
implementation
Organizational dev.

Measuring
performance

Reviewing
performance

Developing techniques planning, measuring review


Policy
Effective health and safety policies set a clear direction for the organization to
follow.
Organizing
An effective management structure and arrangements are in place for delivering
the policy.
Planning
There is a plan and systematic approach to implementing the Health and Safety
Policy through the effective Health and Safety
Measuring Performance
Performance is measured against agreed standards to reveal when
and where improvement is needed
Auditing and Reviewing of Performance
The Organization learns from all relevant experience and applies the lessons.
7. Identifies the requirements of OSHA safety guides and due diligence?
 A policy that demonstrates your commitment.
 Adequate systems to identify and control hazards.
 Identifying what people, resources and procedures are needed to deal with
emergencies.
 Preparing a statement of responsibilities for safety and health (who is
responsible for what).
 Scheduling regular planned inspections.
 Developing plans to control chemical and biological hazards
 Developing procedures to control hazards when dealing with contracted
employers and self-employed persons.
 Developing training plans for workers and supervisors.
 Developing a procedure to investigate incidents, dangerous occurrences and
refusals to work.
 Developing ways to involve workers in the program.
 Evaluating and revising your program regularly.

8. A safety and health policy of an organization should entail?


- The safety and health philosophy of the organization
- Management’s commitment to prevent injuries and occupational illnesses
- The objectives of the safety and health program
- The responsibility of workers and others for safety and health
9. State the 9 principles of safety and health that often appears in policy
statement?
o Working in a safe and healthy way is a condition of employment
o Safety and health is everyone’s responsibility
o Everyone is accountable for their safety and health performance
o Safety is as important as production, quality and cost control
o All hazards will be identified and controlled
o Safety and health education will be consistent and ongoing
o Safety and health meetings will be held regularly
o Regular workplace inspections will be conducted
o All incidents and near incidents will be reported and investigated.
10.What are the key aspects found under the heading ‘’Management
commitment and leadership’’
A. Policy statement: goals established, issued, and communicated to employees.
B. Program should be revised annually.
C. Participation in safety meetings, inspections, safety items addressed in
meetings.
D. Commitment of resources is adequate in the form of budgeted amount.
E. Safety rules and procedures incorporated into jobsite operations.
F. Procedure for enforcement of the safety rules and procedures.
G. Statement that management is bound to adhere to safety rules.
11.What are the 6 evidences that are included in an effective occupational
safety and health program?
 Management commitment and leadership.
 Assignment of responsibility.
 Identification and control of hazards.
 Training and education.
 Recordkeeping and hazard analysis.
 Availability of first aid and medical assistance.
12.Write down at a minimum contractors must fulfill in order to have an
effective safety program?
- Have a demonstrated commitment to job safety and health
- Commit budgetary resources
- Train new personnel
- Insure that supervisors are trained
- Have a written safety and health program
- Hold supervisors accountable for safety and health
- Respond to safety complaints and investigate accidents
- Conduct safety audits.
13.List down the 8 methods of communicating the safety messages?
- Safety meetings
- Job training
- Safety bulletin boards
- Accident investigations
- New employee indoctrination
- Safe behavior on the part of the supervisors
- Job analysis for safety
- Toolbox safety talks.
14.Training safety and health programs for all employees includes?
- Technical instruction and job descriptions;
- Safety rules and practices;
- Method of reporting accidents;
- Importance of first-aid treatment;
- Where to get first aid;
- Explanation of policies and responsibilities;
- Where to get information and assistance;
- Federal and state laws;
- First-aid training;
15.The list of training topics for supervisors should include?
 Organization and operation of a safety program;
 Building attitudes favorable to safety;
 Knowledge of laws and regulations;
 First-aid training;
 Accident causes and basic remedies;
 The investigation and methods of reporting accidents;
 Job instruction for safety;
 Motivating safe work practices;
 Communicating safe work practices;
 Making the workplace safe;
 Mechanical safeguarding;
 Safe handling of materials;
 The supervisor’s place in accident prevention;
16.What are the 4 basic use of sustainable resources?
- Focus on Renewable energy sources
- Recycling
- Pollution reduction
- Habitat and species protection
17.Define environmental impact?
Any change to the environment, whether adverse or beneficial, wholly or partially
resulting from an organization’s activities, products or services
• General
– Depletion of natural resources
– Destruction of habitats
• Water
– PH
– Oxygen level
– Toxicity

• Air
– Air toxicity
– Smog
– Global Warming
– Ozone Depletion
Chapter Ten (Health and safety management)
1. State the three basic hazardous material communications?
- Warning labels on all containers indicating the specific hazard posed,
- Posting of material safety data sheets,
- Specialized training regarding the safe handling, transporting, storage and use
of the chemicals.
2. What safety and health?
Health and safety in the context of construction industry is the discipline of
preserving the health of those who build, operate, maintain and demolish
engineering works.
• The term safety generally applies to the freedom from risk of injury.
• Whereas the term health refers to the freedom from the immediate and long
term effects of
Health and safety is not only confined to construction works on site
• Design engineers, architects and surveyors are exposed to hazards during the
investigatory stage of a project.
• The activities in the construction industry are different from other engineering
industries, such as in automotive industry.
3. What are the main distinguishing features of construction industry via
other engineering industries
 All construction works are unique;
 Large construction works, such as airport; dams and highways are
mainly owned by the government;
 Huge labor and machine intensive works on construction sites; it is
influenced by changes in climate and availability of resources.
 Due to the fact that thousands of people are engaged in construction
industry.
 It is therefore absolutely essential to design/formulate appropriate
health and safety procedures.
4. State some of safety and health problems?
- Accidents that occur during construction and demolition works result in
injury.
- Accident can occur even before works begin, during survey and
investigatory phase of a project.
- Construction procedures causing death or injury to those engaged on the
work and to members of the public.
- In Ethiopian construction industry accidents have not been well documented.
Nevertheless, it is reported that many people lost their life on construction
sites and many more are seriously injured.
- Not only are construction workers who suffer injuries and death but also
their dependents who are not directly employed in the industry. Besides
human tragedies, accidents could incur substantial economic cost to the
industry due to the fact that it could also cause:
 Damage to plant and equipment;
 Damage to work already completed;
 Loss of productive work time;
 Reduced work rate;
 Legal costs and fires;
 Increased insurance premiums; and
 Loss of confidence and reputation.
5. The main causes of accidents could be basically categorized in to?
i) Falls: which include people falling from one level to another; people
falling at the same level, plant and material falling, structure collapsing and
striking;
ii) Stepping on or striking against objects;
iii) Lifting and carrying;
iv) Machinery;
v) Electricity;
vi) Transport; and
vii) Fire and explosives
In addition to hazards associated with accidents, there are also health
problems associated with construction works, which may be categorized into:
- Chemical hazards: those due to liquids, dust, gas and fires;
- Physical hazards: those due to cold, heat, noise, vibration, ionizing and non-
ionizing radiation and compressed air;
- Biological infection for works in sewers and contaminated sites;
- Water and food borne diseases.
6. Write down at least 10 basic safety checklist?
- Safe access
- Cranes and lifting appliances
- Ladders and Scaffolds
- Lifting ropes
- Excavations
- Hoists
- Roof work
- Electricity
- Work on Tall
- Chimneys and Silos Health risks
- Transport
- Protective clothing's
- Hand tools
- Fire
- Electrical tools
- Highly inflammable liquids Explosives
- Wood working machines
- Noise
- Concrete working equipment
- Falsework/Formwork
- Conveyors
- Erection and Dismantling of refabricated
- Crusher plants structures
- Formwork
- Welfare
- Trespassers

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