NAME…………………………………ADM………………………………..

1. Zinc metal and hydrochloric acid react according to the following equation
Zn(s) + 2HCl(aq) ZnCl(aq) + H2(g)
1.96g of zinc were reacted with 100cm3 of 0.2M Hydrochloric acid,

(a) Determine the reagent that was in excess (2mks)

(b) Calculate the total volume of hydrogen gas that was liberated at S.T.P conditions
(Zn = 65.4, molar gas volume = 22.4 litres at S.T.P) (2mks)

2. Calculate the mass of nitrogen (IV) oxide gas that would occupy the same volume as 10g of hydrogen gas at the
same temperature and pressure. (H = 1.0, N = 14.0, O = 16.0) (2mks)

3. Urea, (NH2)2CO is prepared by the reaction between ammonia and carbon(IV) oxide
In one process, 340kg of ammonia were reacted with excess carbon (IV) oxide.
Calculate the moles of urea that were formed. (H = 1.0, C = 12. 0, N = 14.0, O = 16.0)
(2mks)

4. In a filtration experiment 25cm3 of solution of sodium hydroxide containing 8g per litre was
required for complete neutralization of 0.245g of a dibasic acid. Calculate the relative
molecular mass of the acid. (Na = 23.0, O = 16, H = 1) (3mks)

5. 12.0 cm3 of methane and 48cm3 of oxygen were exploded together. The final volume measured under the
original conditions was 36.0 cm3 neglecting the water formed. 24.0cm3 of this was unused oxygen. Show the ratio
of reacting volume of the gases referred to and gaseous products formed. (2marks)

6. 4. 9 g a tribasic acid was dissolved in water and the solution made up to 500cm3. If the concentration of the
hydrogen ions in the solution is 0.3M, calculate the relative molecular mass of the acid. (3marks)

7. The mass of 1 dm3 of gas X at room temperature and pressure is 2.667g. Determine the relative molecular mass
of the gas (molar gas volume at r.t.p =24dm3). (2marks)

8. A solution was made by dissolving 7.5g of sodium hydroxide containing inert impurities in water and making it to
250cm3 of solution. If 20cm3 of this solution is neutralized exactly by 13cm3 of 1M hydrochloric acid, calculate the
percentage purity of sodium hydroxide.
(Na=23; O=16; H=1) (3mks)
9. a) An oxide of nitrogen contains 30.4% nitrogen. Its density at s.t.p is 4.11g/dm3. Determine the molecular
formula of the compound.
(N=14; O=16; moles gas volume = 22.4dm3
) (2mks)

b) Magnesium ribbon was burnt in a gas jar of nitrogen. A few drops of water were added to the solid formed in the
jar. Write an equation for the second reaction. (1mk)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………

10. In a experiment, 10.6g of a mixture of Anhydrous Sodium Carbonate and Sodium Chloride were dissolved in
water to make 100cm3 of a solution required 20.0cm3 of 0.5M Hydrochloric acid solution for complete
neutralization. What is the mass of Sodium Carbonate in the mixture? (Na = 23.0, C = 12.0, O = 16.0, Cl = 35.5
(3mks)

11. For the reaction

Na2SO3(s) + 2HCl(aq) 2NaCl(aq) + SO2(g) + H2O(l)

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Given that 25.2g of Na2SO3 were made to react with 700cm3 of 0.5M HCl, which reagent was in excess
(3mks)
12. 9.42g of an organic acid RCOOH is dissolved in 600cm3. 25.0cm3 of this solution was found to require of
0.207M potassium hydroxide solution for complete neutralization.
( C = 12.0, O = 16.0, H = 1.0)

i) Determine the formula mass of the acid (2mks)

ii) Hence the value of R (1mk)

13. 25.0cm3 of 0.12M potassium hydroxide solution required 30.0cm3 of a solution of a dibasic acid (H2Y) for
complete neutralization. The acid contained 3.15g per 500cm3 solution.
Calculate:
(a) The molarity of the acid solution (1½mks)

(b) The relative formula mass of the acid. (1½mks

14. Zinc Sulphate can be used as a dietary supplement in cases of suspected zinc deficiency. The compound
crystallizes as anhydrated salt and is readily water soluble.

(b) In a simple experiment to determine the extent of hydration, a technician carefully heated 3.715g of crystals to a
moderate temperature until no further loss in mass occurred. The anhydrous zinc had a mass of 2.08g.

(i) How many moles of zinc are there in 2.08g of anhydrous zinc Sulphate? (Zn = 65, O = 16, S = 32, H = 1)
(2mks)

(ii) How many moles of water were lost? (2mks)

(iii) Determine the value of n in the formula ZnSO4. nH2O. (2mks)

(c) The daily intake of zinc in Kenya is 15mg per adult person.

(i) What mass of zinc Sulphate crystals would need to be taken to obtain this intake? (2mks)

(ii) If this is taken via a 5ml dose of aqueous zinc Sulphate, calculate the concentration of this solution in molcm-3
of the hydrated salt. (2mks)

1.The figure below represents a section of the periodic table. Study it and answer questions (a) to (h). Note that the
letters do not represent the actual symbols of the elements.

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(a) Consider elements D. H and I
i) Give the chemical family of these elements. (1 mk)
_________________________________________________________________________________
ii) How do their ionic size compare.
(1mk)
_________________________________________________________________________________
iii) Compare and explain the reactivity of the three elements. (2mks)
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________

b) Write the electronic configuration of;

i) Element H (1mk)
_________________________________________________________________________________
ii) The ion of element G. (1mk)
_________________________________________________________________________________

c) A molecule of one of the elements is shown below. (2mks)

i) Identify this element from the section of the periodic table and give its actual symbol and name. (2mks)
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
ii) Explain why this element has a higher boiling point compared to that of oxygen. (2mks)
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
iii) Write an equation to show the reaction between the element named above with oxygen. (1mk)
_________________________________________________________________________________
iv) Predict the pH of the oxide of the above element when in water. Explain.
(2mks)

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2. The flow chart below shows some reactions starting with copper (II) nitrate. Study it and answer questions
that follow.

i) State the condition necessary in step 1. (1mk)

_________________________________________________________________________________

ii) Identify:
(4mks)
Reagent M ___________________________________________________________
Gas S _____________________________________________________________

Acidic products T____________________________________________________

V___________________________________________________________________

iii) Write the formula of the complex ion formed in step 3. (1mk)
_________________________________________________________________________________

iv) Write the equations for the reaction in (2

marks)
Step 1
_________________________________________________________________________________
Step 2
_________________________________________________________________________________

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3. a) The diagram below shows a set up that was used to prepare oxygen gas and passing it over a
burning candle. The experiment was allowed to run for some time.

i) Name liquid X
(1mk)
_________________________________________________________________________________

ii) Suggest the pH of the solution in conical flask K. Explain

(2mks)
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________

iii) Write an equation for the reaction taking place in the conical flask M. (1mk)
_________________________________________________________________________________
b) State and explain the two observations made when hydrogen sulphide is bubbled into the solution containing
iron (III) chloride.
(2mks)
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________

c) i) Describe a simple chemical test that can be used to distinguish between carbon (IV) oxide and carbon
(II) oxide gases.
(3mks)
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________

ii) Give one use of carbon (II) oxide. (1mk)

_________________________________________________________________________________

d) A form two student inverted a gas jar full of carbon (IV) oxide over water and sodium hydroxide solution
as shown below.

Explain the observations made. (2mks)

_________________________________________________________________________________

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 _________________________________________________________________________________
18. (a) Name the two crystalline forms of sulphur (1 Mark)

(b) The scheme below represents the steps followed in the contact process. Study it and answer
the questions that follow:-
Solid A Air

Burner

SO2
Air

Purifier
Conc. H2SO4
Dry SO2 and air

Heat exchanger
Absorption SO3 Cooler
Tower
SO3
Oleum SO2
Air
Diluter
Catalytic
Conc. H2SO4 converter

(i) Name one impurity removed by the purifier. (1 mark)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………

(ii) Why is it necessary to remove impurities? (1 mark)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

(iii) Write down the equation of the reaction taking place in the converter (1 mark)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(iv) Name the two catalysts that can be used in the converter (2 marks)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(v) What is the function of heat exchanger? (1 mark)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

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 (vi) Sulphuric (VI) Oxide is not dissolved directly into water? Explain (1 mark)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………

(vii) (I) Name the main pollutant in the contact process. (1 mark)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………

(II) How can the pollution in (g) (I) above be controlled? (1 mark)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………… ……………………………………………….

(vii) Give one use of sulphuric (VI) acid (1 mark)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………

5. The flow chart below shows industrial manufacture of sodium carbonate.

Study it and answer the questions that follow.

NaCl(aq) Ca(OH)2

Chamber 3
Chamber 1 D
NH3(g)

A C

Carbon(IV)oxide Chamber 2 B
Chamber 4 Water Chamber 5

Na2CO3

(a) Name substances A, B, C and D. (4mks)

A ____________________________________________________________________
B
____________________________________________________________________
C ___________________________________________________________________
D ____________________________________________________________________

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 (b) Write equation for the reactions taking place in chamber 3 and 5. (2mks)
Chamber 3
_________________________________________________________________________
Chamber 5
_________________________________________________________________________
(c) Name the physical process in chamber 4 and 5.
(2mks)
Chamber 4
_________________________________________________________________________
Chamber 5
_________________________________________________________________________

(d) Name one source of cheap carbon (IV) oxide for Solvay process.
(1mk)
_________________________________________________________________________6.
a) A student set up the apparatus as shown in the diagram below to prepare and collect dry
ammonia gas.

i) Identify three mistakes in the set up and give a reason why each is mistake. (3mks)
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
ii) Name a suitable drying agent for ammonia. (1mk)
_________________________________________________________________________________
iii) Write an equation for the reaction that occurred when a mixture of ammonium chloride and calcium
hydroxide was heated.
(1mk)
_________________________________________________________________________________
iv) Describe one chemical test for ammonia gas. (1mk)
_________________________________________________________________________________
b) Ammonia gas is used to manufacture nitric (V) acid as shown below.

i) This process requires the use of a catalyst. In which unit is the catalyst used? (1mk)
_________________________________________________________________________________

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 ii) Identify compound X and Y.
(2mks)
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
iii) Ammonia reacts with nitric (v) acid to form ammonium nitrate fertilizer. Calculate the percentage
composition of nitrogen in ammonium nitrate. (N = 14, O = 16, H = 1) (3 marks)
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
7. a) State Graham’s Law. (2mks)
________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________

b) The table below shows the relationship between the pressure and volume of a fixed mass of ozone
gas.
Pressure (K pa) 1 4 8 16 20 160
Volume (cm3) 140 40 20 10 8 1
Inverse of volume 1/v (cm-3)

i) Complete the table by filling the inverse of volume. (3mks)

ii) Draw a graph of pressure against the reciprocal (inverse) of volume. (4mks)

c) Using the graph, determine the volume of ozone if pressure is 12Kpa. (3mks)
_________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________

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(a) Name the following compounds (CH3)3 C CH2 CH2 CH3

Use the flow chart below to answer the questions that follow:-

HBr
Step I High temperature
J CH3CHCH2 Polymer K
N1/H2 High pressure
Step
Concentrate
II H2SO4(l)

Substance M Sodium Metal Gas P

H+(aq) / KMNO4(aq)

Gas S Substance N
NaOH
Step II
R Soda lime Q Step III CH3CH2CH2Cl
Heat
(b) (i) Name the following :-

I. Gas S ……………………………………………………………….……. ()

II. Gas P …………………………………………………………………

III. J ……………………………………………………………………….

(ii) Name the processes involved in the following steps:

I. Step I …………………………………………………………………………..

II. Step II …………………………………………………………………………….

III. Step III …………………………………………………………………………….

(iii) Write a chemical equation for the complete combustion of substance M

(iv) Name the condition and reagent in step III

Condition ……………………………………………………………………………………

Reagent …………………………………………………………………………………….

(v) Calculate the mass of salt R that would be formed by using 21.9 tonnes of N when it reacts

with excess sodium hydroxide ( C= 12.0 H= 1.0 Na = 23)

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 (vi) Draw the structure of polymer K

II. State one use of the above polymer

………………………………………………………………………………………………….

(c) (i) Name the class to which the following cleansing agents belong:-

i) R – COONa+ ……………………………………………………

(ii) R – O-SO3 Na ……………………………………………………….

O

II. Which cleaning agent above is not environmental friendly? Explain

(a) Give the names of the following

(i) CH3CH2CH3

(ii) CH3CCCH3

(b) Ethene is used in making polyethene bag in a process called polymerization

(i) Name the type of polymer that is formed when ethane polymerise

(ii) Describe a simple chemical test that can be used to identify ethane gas in the laboratory

(c) Study the information in the table below and answer the questions that follow:-

No. of carbon atoms R.M.M of the Hydrocarbon

2 28

3 42

4 56

i. Write the general formula of the hydrocarbons in the table above

ii. Determine the molecular of a hydrocarbon with 5 carbon atoms and draw its structural formula

Molecular formula

Structural formula

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(d) Study the scheme below and answer the questions that follow

(i) Name the reagents in

Step I ……………………………

Step II ……………………………

Step IV ………………

(ii) Write an equation for the complete combustion of CH CH

(iii) Give two uses of CH4

28. Give the systematic names of the following compounds;

i)CH3 = C-CH3

CH3

ii)CH3CH2CH2C≡ CH

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