Integers 0756CHO

1.1 INTRODUCTION

about whole numbers and integers in Class VI

We have learnt
form a bigger collection of numbers
We know that integers
whichcontains whole numbers and negative numbers. What
do you find between whole numbers and
other differences
3

O
integers? In this chapter, we will study more about integers,
their properties and operations. First of all, we will review and S 7 3
revise what we have done about integers in our previous class.

1.2 RECALL
Some integers are marked on the
We know how to represent integers on a number line.
number line given below.

- 6

'The ascending order of

Can you write these marked integers in ascending order?
thesenumbers is -5,- 1,3. Why did we choose -5 as the smallest number?
Some points are marked with integers on the following number line. Write these integers
in descending order.

-16 14

The descending order of these integers is 14, 8, 3,.

The above number line has only a few integers filled. Write appropriate numbers at
each dot.
 MATHE 1A1I

TRY THESE
below
given
integersis
DE
.Amumber
line F G
representing
M MN

-2 Which integers are marked by B

marked
Frespectively.

and-2 are
marked by E and
3
mark them on a numh.
0?
D, H. J. M and
then
ascendingorderand
and-4in
2. Arrange 7,-5,4,0
answer.
line to check your n our previouS
class. Read th.
he-
subtraction of integers
addition and
We have done
following statements.

On a number line when

we

we move to the nght.

a d d a positive integer,
move to the let.
() add a negative integer. we
apositive integer, we
move to the let.
() Subtract
move to the right.
(IV) subtract a negative integer, we incorrect. Correct those whic-
correct or
statements are
State whether the following
are wrong
When two positive integers are
added we get a positive integer.
()
integer.
negative integers are added get positive
we a
) When two
are added. we always gel negativ
a
(1) When a positive integer and a negative integer
integer. is 8.
iv) Additive inverse ofan integer 8 is (-8) and additive inverse of (-8)
subiracted
inverse ofthe integer that is being
(v) For subtraction. we add the additive
to the other integer.
(Vi) (-10) + 3 = 10-3

(Vii) 8+ (-7) - (-4) 8 +7-4 =

answers given below:

Compare your answers with the
) Correct. For example:
(b) 113 + 82 = 195 etc.
(a) 56 +73 =129
Construct five more examples in support ofthis statement.
() Incorrect, since (-6)+(-7)=- 13, which is not a positive integer. Thecorrec
statement is: When two negative integers are added we get anegaurve integer.
For example.
(a) (-56) +(-73) =- 129 (b) (-il3) + (-82) = - 195. etc.
Construct five more examples on your own to verily this staleme
 INTEGERS

is
Incorect, since-9+ 16=7, which is not a negative integer. The correct statement
When one positive and one negative integers are added, we take their difference
the
and place of the
sign bigger integer.
The is decided by ignoring the
bigger integer
signs of both the integers. For example:
17 (b) (- 113) + 82 = - 31
(a) (-56) + (73)
=

(c) 16+(-23) =- 7
(d) 125 +(- 101) = 24

v(iv)
Construct five more examples for venifying this statement.
Correct. Some other examples of additive inverse are as given below: / 7
Integer Additive inverse
10 -10
-10 10
76 -76
-76 76
inverse of (-a) 1s a.
Thus, the additive inverse of any integer a is-a and additive
additive
Subtraction is opposite of addition and therefore, we add the
(v) Correct. For example:
inverse of the integer that is being subtracted, to the other integer.
-17
(a) 56-73= S6 + additive inverse of 73 56+(-73)
= =

56 + 73 129
b) 56--73)
= 56+ additive inverse of (-73) = =

=-124
(c) (-79)-45 (-79) (-45)
+=

+ 172 72 etc.
(d) (-100) (-172) =-100
-
=

this statement.
Write atleast five such examples to verify
a and b,
Thus, we find that for any two integers
a-b=a+ additive inverse of b=a+(-b)
+b
a-(-b) =a+ additive inverse of (-b)=
a
and
(vi) Incorrect, since (-10)+3=-7and I0-3 7
(-10)+3# 10-3
therefore,
5
(Vii) Incorrect, since, 8+(-7)-(-4) =
8+(-7) +4 =I+4
8+7-4= 15-4= 11
and
However, 8+(-7)-(-4) =8 -7+4

TRY THESE
in our previous class.
We have done various pattens with numbers
them:
Can you find a patterm for each of the following? yes. complete
If

(a) 7.3,-1, -5..

(b) -2-4,-6,-8.
() 15, 10, 5,0.
d) -11,-8,-5, -2.
Make some more such patterns and ask your friends to complete them.
1.3 PROPERTIDS OF ADDITION AND SUBTRACTION OF INTEGERS

1.3.1 Closure under Additioon

a whole number. For example
We have learnt that sum of two whole numbers is again
is known as the
17+24 4 l which is again a whole number. We know that, this property
numbers.
closure property for addition of the whole
 MAn EMAT

is true for integers or not.

e t us see whether this property and complcte it.
following table
ollow
ng are some pairs of
integers.Observe the
Oiserv atieon
Statement Result is an integer
17+23 =40
-10)+ 3=
(m) -75) + 18 =

Result is an inieger
(v) 19+-25) =
-6
(v) 27+(-27) =
(Vi) (-20) +0 =.
(vii)-35) + (- 10) = .

What do you observe? Is the sum of two integers always an integer

Did you find a pair of integers whose sum is not an integer!

Since addition of integers gives integers, we say integers are closed under addition.

In general, for any two integers a and b, a +b is an integer.

1.3.2 Closure under Subtraction

What happens when we subtract an integer from another integer? Can we say that their
difference is also an integer?
Observe the following table and complete it:

Statement Observation
)7-9=-2 Result is an integer
i) 17--21) =
ii) (-8) - (-14) = 6
Result is an integer
v)-21)-(-10) =.
(v) 32-(-17) =
(vi)(-18)-(-18) =
(vii) (-29) -0=_

What do you observe? Is there any pair of

integers whose difference is not an integer!
Can say integers are closed under subtraction? Yes, we can see that
we

closed under subtraction.

integers are
Thus, if a and b are two integers then a -b is also an
intger. Do the whole numbers
satisfy this property'?
 INTEGES

3 . 3 Commutative Property

that 3+
5=5+3=8,
5 that is,the whole numbers can be added in any order. In
know
We
her
othe. words, addition is commutative for whole numbers.
the same for integers also?
Can we say

We have 5+(-6)
=-l and (-6) +5 =-1
(-6)+5
=

So. 5+(-6)

Are the following

equal?

- 8 ) +(-9) and (-9) + (-8)

-23)+32 and 32 +(-23)
)(-45) +0 and 0 + (-45)
for which the
Try this with five other pairs of integers. Do you find any pair of integers
when the order is changed? Certainly not. We say that addition is
sums are different
commutative for integers.
In general, for any twO integers a and b, we can say

a+b b +a
it commutative
We know that subtraction is not commutative for whole numbers. Is
for integers?
Consider the integers 5 and (-3).

Is5-(-3) the same as (-3)-5? No, because 5-(-3)

= 5 +3 =
8, and (-3)-5
=-3-5 - 8.
Take atleast five different pairs of integers and check this.
We conclude that subtraction is not commutative for integers.

1.3.4 Associative Property

Observe the following examples:
Consider the integers-3,-2 and-5.
Look at (-5) +[-3) +(-2)] and [(-5) + (-3)]+(-2).
In the first sum (-3) and (-2) are grouped together and in the second (-5) and (-3)
are grouped together. We will check whether we get different results.

-3)+(-2) -2) -5) +-3)

-10 0 -10 0

I-5)+(-3)]+(-2)
(-5)+[(-3)+(-2)1
 In oth the cases,
we get -10
- 5 ) + 1 - 3 ) + - 2 1 =l ( - 5 ) + ( - 2 + 3

1.
Sumilariy oonsider 3. Iand-7.
-3)1-7)=-3+

I-3)+ 11+(-7) =-2

(-7)| same as [(-3)
+ 1] + (-7)?
-3)+[1 +
example for which the sume
msa
You will not find any
Take five more such examples.

different. Addition is associativefor integers.

we can say
In general for any integers a, b and c.
a+ (b+ c)= (a
+ b) + c

1.3.5 Additive Identity

get the same whole number. Zero is
any whole number.
we
When we add zero to
also?
additive identity again for integers
additive identity for whole numbers. Is it an
Observe the following and fill in the blanks:
) - 8 ) +0 = - 8 () 0+(-8) = -

(ii)(-23)+0= -22 (iv) 0+(-37) =-37

(V) 0+(-59) =. (vi) 0+ =-43
(Vii) - 61 + -61 (VI) +0=
The above examples show that zero is an additive identity for integers.
You can verify it by adding zero to any other five integers.
In general, for any integer a
a +0 a = 0 +a

TRY THESE
1. Write a pair ofintegers whose sum gives
(a) a negative integer (b) zeroo

(c) an integer smaller than both the integers. (d) an integer smaller than only oneofthe integer
(e) an integer greater than both the integers.
2. Write a pair ofintegers whose difference gives
(a) anegative integer (b) zero.
(c) an integer smaller than both the integers. (d) an integer greater than only one of theinteger
(e) an integer greater than both the integers.
 whove
AMPs
I Wniedkwn apir of ntegers
(a)sumIs- b)difterenceis -5
(c) dhfterenne is 2 (d)sum is 0

SoLUTION
(a)(-1)-)=-3 5)+=-
b)-9)-(-4)=-5 -2)-3= -5
(c)-7)-(-9)= 2 --D= 2
(d)-10)+ 10 =0 r S+5) =0

pain these examples?

Can you write more in

ExERCISE 1.2

1. Wrnte down a par of integers whose:

sum is - 7 b)ditfereneeis -10 (c) sum is 0
(a)
whose ditierence gives 8.
2. (a) Wnte a pair of negative integers
Write a neative integer and a positive integer whose sum is -5.
(b)
is-3.
(c)Write anegativeintegerand a positive integerwhoseditierence
10, 0 and team B scored 10,0. -40 in three successive
3 In a quiz. team A scored-4O. in
we say that we can add integers
rounds. Which team scored more? Can
any order?

make the following statements true:

4. Fill in the blanks to
) -5)+-8) (- 8) + (..2..)
=

()-53...=-53

()17+... =0
[13+(-12)] +(...)=13 +|-12)+ (-7)1
(iv)
(V)(-4)+ |15 +(-3)]] [-4+ 15] +..3).
=

1.4 MULTIPLICATION OF INTEGERS

We can add and subtract integers. Let us now leam how to multiply integers.

1.4.1 Multiplication of a Positive and a Negative Integer

We know that multiplication of whole numbers is repeated addition. For exanple.

5+5+5=3x5 = l15

Can you represent addition of integers in the same way'