Www Geeksforgeeks Org Flutter Interview Questions
Www Geeksforgeeks Org Flutter Interview Questions
So, to get into these companies and other mobile Application companies, you need to
master some important Flutter interview questions to crack their Flutter Interview. If you
want to learn more about the flutter, then do check out the Flutter Tutorial.
1. What is Flutter?
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Flutter is a mobile application development framework that allows developers to create
high-performance, beautiful, and responsive mobile applications for multiple platforms
using a single codebase. It is different from other mobile app development frameworks
because of the following reasons:
Flutter uses the Dart programming language, which is optimized for client-side
development.
Flutter provides a rich set of pre-built widgets that can be customized to create beautiful
and responsive UI.
Flutter uses a reactive programming model that allows for real-time updates and fast
rendering of UI.
Flutter has a hot reload feature that allows developers to see the changes in real-time,
without having to rebuild the entire app.
Dart is a client-side programming language that is used in Flutter for developing mobile
applications. Dart is used in Flutter because of the following reasons:
Dart is optimized for client-side development, which makes it perfect for mobile app
development.
Dart is a modern programming language that is easy to learn and use.
Dart is a compiled language, which means that it is faster than interpreted languages
like JavaScript.
Dart has a sound-type system, which makes it easy to write and maintain large-scale
applications.
In Flutter, widgets are the building blocks for creating UI elements. There are two types of
widgets in Flutter:
Stateless widgets: These widgets are immutable, meaning they cannot be changed
once they are created. Stateless widgets are used when the UI elements do not need to
be redrawn or updated frequently, such as a static text label or an icon. Stateless
widgets are defined using the StatelessWidget class.
Stateful widgets: These widgets are mutable and can be updated dynamically based on
user interactions or other events. Stateful widgets are used when the UI elements need
to be updated frequently, such as a list or form. Stateful widgets are defined using the
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StatefulWidget class. Note that stateful widgets require a State object to handle the
mutable state, which is managed by the framework.
In Flutter, StatelessWidget and StatefulWidget are two different types of widgets that are
used to create UI elements.
StatelessWidget is a widget that does not have any mutable state. Once it is built, its
properties cannot be changed. Examples of StatelessWidget include Text, Icons, and
Images.
StatefulWidget is a widget that has a mutable state. It can change its properties based
on user interactions. Examples of StatefulWidget include TextField, Checkbox, and
Slider.
In Flutter, a Key is an object that identifies a widget. It is used to maintain the state of the
widget and to optimize the rendering performance of the app.
When a widget is built, Flutter assigns a unique identity to it based on its location in the
widget tree. However, when the widget tree is modified, such as when a widget is added,
removed, or moved, the identity of the widgets can change. This can cause unexpected
behavior and can lead to performance issues.
To solve this problem, Flutter provides the Key class, which can be used to assign a unique
identity to a widget that persists even if the widget tree is modified. Keys can be used to
match widgets across different builds of the widget tree, ensuring that the state of the
widget is preserved correctly.
GlobalKey: This key is used to identify a widget from anywhere in the app. It is
commonly used when a widget needs to be accessed or updated from multiple parts of
the app, such as when managing the state of a form.
ObjectKey: This key is used to identify a widget based on its object identity. It is
commonly used when managing a list of items, such as in a ListView, where the position
of the item can change but its identity remains the same.
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6. What is the difference between MaterialApp and WidgetsApp in Flutter?
MaterialApp is used for creating applications that follow the Material Design guidelines.
It provides pre-built widgets that follow the Material Design specifications, such as
AppBar, BottomNavigationBar, and FloatingActionButton.
WidgetsApp, on the other hand, is used for creating applications that do not follow the
Material Design guidelines. It provides a minimal set of widgets that can be used to
create custom UI elements.
Flutter provides many tools and techniques for optimizing the performance of your
application. Here are some common ones:
Minimizing widget rebuilds: Use the const and final keywords for widgets that don’t
change, and use the shouldRebuild method to control when a widget should be rebuilt.
Reducing the size of widgets: Use the SizedBox widget to create empty space and the
Spacer widget to fill space. Use the Expanded widget to expand a child widget to fill
available space.
Using the right widgets: Use StatelessWidgets for widgets that don’t change, and
StatefulWidgets for widgets that do change. Use the AnimatedBuilder widget to create
animations, and use the FutureBuilder widget to handle asynchronous data.
Reducing unnecessary layers: Use the ClipRRect widget to clip widgets to a specific
shape, and use the RepaintBoundary widget to isolate expensive widgets from the rest
of the widget tree.
Minimizing expensive operations: Use the const keyword for variables that don’t
change, and use the const constructor for objects that are created once and never
change. Use lazy loading to defer expensive operations until they’re needed.
Using the right data structures: Use the Set and Map data structures for efficient
lookups and comparisons, and use the List data structure for ordered collections.
By following these techniques, you can optimize the performance of your Flutter application
and provide a great user experience.
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Navigator and Router are two different ways of navigating between screens in a Flutter
application.
Router, on the other hand, is a more flexible and powerful way of managing the navigation
stack in a Flutter application. It allows developers to customize the transition animations,
handle complex navigation flows, and pass data between screens more easily. However,
using a router requires more code and setup than using the built-in Navigator widget.
In Flutter, state refers to the data or information that can change dynamically during the
lifetime of a widget. Widgets are the building blocks of a Flutter app, and they can be either
stateful or stateless.
Stateful widgets maintain state information and can update their state when required. The
state is managed by a separate object known as a State object. The state object is created
when a stateful widget is inserted into the widget tree and is destroyed when the widget is
removed from the tree.
setState() is a method that is used to update the state of a Stateful widget in Flutter. When
a widget is updated, the Flutter framework calls the build() method of the widget to rebuild
its UI based on the new state.
The setState() method is used to tell the Flutter framework that the state of the widget has
changed and that it needs to rebuild the UI. The setState() method takes a function as an
argument, which updates the state of the widget. Once the state is updated, the build()
method is called again, and the UI is rebuilt.
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StatelessWidget is more performant than StatefulWidget because it does not have any
mutable state. Once a StatelessWidget is built, its properties cannot be changed, and the
Flutter framework does not need to track its state.
StatefulWidget, on the other hand, is less performant than StatelessWidget because it has
a mutable state. The Flutter framework needs to track the state of a StatefulWidget and
rebuild its UI every time the state changes.
The MaterialApp widget also provides some important features, such as theme
customization, internationalization support, and routing. It is the most commonly used
widget for creating mobile applications in Flutter.
The Scaffold widget is used to create the basic structure of a Material Design application in
Flutter. It provides a top app bar, a bottom navigation bar, and a body widget. The Scaffold
widget also provides some important features, such as drawer support, floating action
button support, and Snackbar support. It is the most commonly used widget for creating
the basic structure of a Material Design application in Flutter.
14. What is the purpose of the BuildContext parameter in the build() method of a
widget in Flutter?
The BuildContext parameter is used to access the widget tree and perform actions such as
building or updating widgets. The BuildContext object represents the location of a widget
in the widget tree. It provides access to the nearest BuildContext ancestor, which can be
used to access the properties of the ancestor widget or its children. The BuildContext
parameter is required in the build() method of a widget because it is used to build the UI of
the widget and its children.
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15. What is the difference between push and pushReplacement methods in
Flutter?
In Flutter, push and pushReplacement are two methods that are used to navigate between
different screens in an app. Both methods are available on the Navigator class, which
manages the navigation stack in a Flutter app.
The push method is used to push a new route onto the navigation stack, which adds a
new screen to the app’s UI. This method does not remove the previous screen from the
stack, which means that the user can use the back button or swipe gesture to navigate
back to the previous screen.
The pushReplacement method is similar to the push method, but it replaces the current
screen on the navigation stack with a new screen. This means that the previous screen is
removed from the stack and cannot be navigated back to using the back button or swipe
gesture.
So, the main difference between push and pushReplacement methods is that push adds a
new screen to the navigation stack while pushReplacement replaces the current screen
with a new screen.
The Widget Inspector is a tool that is used to inspect and debug the widget tree of a Flutter
application.
The Widget Inspector provides information about the properties and state of each widget in
the tree. It also allows developers to modify the properties and state of widgets in real-
time, which can be useful for debugging UI issues. The Widget Inspector can be accessed
by pressing the “Toggle Debug Paint” button in the Flutter DevTools, or by using the hotkey
“Ctrl + Alt + Shift + W” in Android
The MediaQuery widget is used to retrieve information about the device’s screen size and
orientation in a Flutter application. The MediaQuery widget provides properties such as
devicePixelRatio, orientation, and size, which can be used to create responsive UIs that
adapt to different screen sizes and orientations.
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For example, a developer could use the size property of the MediaQuery widget to adjust
the font size of a text widget based on the screen size of the device.
The SafeArea widget is used to ensure that content is displayed within a safe area of the
screen that is not obscured by the device’s system UI, such as the status bar or navigation
bar.
The SafeArea widget is useful for creating UIs that need to be displayed on devices with
different screen sizes or aspect ratios. It ensures that important content is not hidden by the
device’s system UI, which can improve the user experience.
The Expanded widget is used to expand a child widget to fill the available space within a
parent widget. The Expanded widget is commonly used in a Row or Column widget to
evenly distribute space among its children. For example, if a Row widget has three child
widgets, and one of the child widgets is wrapped in an Expanded widget, that child widget
will expand to fill any remaining space in the row after the other two child widgets have
been sized.
The Flex widget is used to create a flexible container that can be used to create complex
layouts in a Flutter application. The Flex widget provides properties such as direction,
mainAxisSize, and mainAxisAlignment, which can be used to control the layout of its
children.
For example, a developer could use the direction property of the Flex widget to create a
horizontal or vertical layout and use the mainAxisAlignment property to align its children to
the start, center, or end of the container.
The ListView widget is used to display a scrolling list of items in a Flutter application. The
ListView widget provides several different types of constructors, such as ListView.builder
and ListView.separated, which can be used to customize the behavior of the list.
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For example, a developer could use the ListView.builder constructor to create a list of items
from a list of data, or use the ListView.separated constructor to add separators between
each item in the list.
The GridView widget is used to display a grid of items in a Flutter application. The
GridView widget provides several different types of constructors, such as GridView.builder
and GridView.count, which can be used to customize the behavior of the grid. For example,
a developer could use the GridView.builder constructor to create a grid of items from a list
of data, or use the GridView.count constructor to specify the number of columns in the grid.
While both widgets can be used to display similar types of data, there are some key
differences between them.
Layout orientation: ListView displays its items in a single column, either vertically or
horizontally, depending on the value of the scroll direction property. On the other hand,
GridView can display its items in a grid layout, with multiple columns and rows.
Item layout: ListView typically displays its items as a single column of widgets. Each
item in the list is displayed below the previous item. However, ListView can also be used
to display items in a horizontal layout, where each item is displayed to the right of the
previous item. GridView, on the other hand, displays its items in a grid layout, with each
item placed in a cell in the grid. The layout of the cells can be controlled using the
GridView.count or GridView.builder constructors.
Scrolling behavior: ListView can be scrolled vertically or horizontally depending on the
scrollDirection property. The scrolling behavior of the ListView can be controlled using
the physics property.
GridView also supports both vertical and horizontal scrolling, but it has additional
scrolling behavior options, such as scrollable grids, and scrolling in both directions.
Item placement: In ListView, each item takes up the full width of the screen or its
container, with a fixed height by default, unless specified otherwise.
In GridView, the width and height of each item can be adjusted to fit the cell of the grid
using the childAspectRatio property.
Use cases: ListView is commonly used to display a list of items, such as a list of
messages, a list of contacts, or a list of products.
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GridView, on the other hand, is commonly used to display items in a grid layout, such as
a gallery of images, a grid of products, or a grid of categories.
In summary, ListView and GridView are both useful widgets for displaying a list of items,
but the choice of which to use depends on the layout and scrolling behavior of the items
being displayed. ListView is best suited for displaying a list of items in a single column,
while GridView is best suited for displaying items in a grid layout with multiple columns
and rows.
A Stream is a sequence of asynchronous events that can be listened to and responded to.
Streams provide a way to handle asynchronous data flow, such as data from a network or
user input.
Streams in Flutter are based on the Dart Stream API, which provides a set of classes and
methods for working with streams. The core concept of the Stream API is that it separates
the producer of data from the consumer of data. The producer of data pushes data into the
stream, while the consumer of data listens to the stream and responds to events as they are
emitted.
In Flutter, streams are commonly used to handle data from sources that emit events over
time, such as user input, network responses, or device sensors. Streams are also used to
handle animations and other dynamic UI elements that require continuous updates.
The Wrap widget is used to create a layout that wraps its children to the next line when
there is not enough space to display them in a single line.
The Wrap widget is useful for creating UIs that need to display a large number of items that
cannot fit on a single line. It ensures that the items are displayed in a way that maximizes
the available space.
The Stack widget is used to position widgets on top of each other in a Flutter application.
The Stack widget provides several properties, such as alignment and overflow, which can
be used to control the position and behavior of its children.
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For example, a developer could use the alignment property of the Stack widget to position
a widget in the center of the screen and use the overflow property to control how the
widget is displayed if it is larger than the available space.
The Hero widget is used to create a transition between two widgets that have the same tag
in a Flutter application. The Hero widget is useful for creating UIs that need to transition
between two screens or two parts of the same screen. It provides a smooth animation that
helps the user understand the relationship between the two widgets.
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The GestureDetector widget is used to detect gestures, such as taps and swipes, in a
Flutter application. The GestureDetector widget provides several callbacks, such as onTap
and onVerticalDragUpdate, which can be used to handle different types of gestures. For
example, a developer could use the onTap callback of the GestureDetector widget to
handle taps on a widget in the application.
The MediaQuery.of method is used to retrieve the MediaQueryData object for the nearest
ancestor MediaQuery widget in a Flutter application. The MediaQueryData object provides
properties, such as devicePixelRatio, orientation, and size, which can be used to create
responsive UIs that adapt to different screen sizes and orientations.
For example, a developer could use the size property of the MediaQueryData object to
adjust the font size of a text widget based on the screen size of the device.
The InheritedWidget widget is used to provide data that can be accessed by its descendant
widgets in a Flutter application. The InheritedWidget widget provides a mechanism for
passing data down the widget tree without having to explicitly pass the data as constructor
arguments or method parameters.
For example, a developer could use the InheritedWidget widget to provide a theme object
that can be accessed by all of the descendant widgets in the widget tree.
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provides a builder function that can be used to rebuild a widget tree when the value of a
ValueListenable object changes.
For example, a developer could use the ValueListenableBuilder widget to rebuild a widget
that displays the current value of a counter object when the value of the counter object
changes.
The StreamBuilder widget is used to rebuild a widget when data is emitted by a Stream in a
Flutter application. The StreamBuilder widget provides a builder function that can be used
to rebuild a widget tree when data is emitted by a Stream.
For example, a developer could use the StreamBuilder widget to rebuild a widget that
displays the latest news articles when new articles are published to a news feed.
The Expanded widget is used to fill the available space of a Flex container in a Flutter
application. The Expanded widget is useful for creating UIs that adjust to different screen
sizes and orientations. It allows the child widgets of a Flex container to expand to fill the
available space.
For example, a developer could use the Expanded widget to create a UI that displays a list
of items that fill the available screen space, regardless of the screen size or orientation.
The SizedBox widget is used to create fixed-size boxes in a Flutter application. The
SizedBox widget provides properties, such as width and height, which can be used to
control the size of the box. For example, a developer could use the SizedBox widget to
create a UI that displays a button with a fixed size.
The LayoutBuilder widget is used to rebuild a widget when its parent widget changes size
in a Flutter application. The LayoutBuilder widget provides a builder function that can be
used to rebuild a widget tree when its parent widget changes size. For example, a
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developer could use the LayoutBuilder widget to rebuild a widget that adjusts its layout
based on the size of its parent widget.
For example, a developer could use the ConstrainedBox widget to create a UI that displays
an image with a maximum width and height.
The Tooltip widget is used to display a message when a widget is long-pressed in a Flutter
application. The Tooltip widget provides a message property, which can be used to display
a message when the widget is long-pressed.
For example, a developer could use the Tooltip widget to display a message when a button
is long-pressed, explaining what the button does.
The ClipRRect widget is used to create rounded corners on a widget in a Flutter application.
The ClipRRect widget provides a borderRadius property, which can be used to control the
radius of the corners. For example, a developer could use the ClipRRect widget to create a
UI that displays an image with rounded corners.
The ShaderMask widget is used to apply a shader to a widget in a Flutter application. The
ShaderMask widget provides properties, such as shader and blendMode, which can be used
to control how the shader is applied to the widget. For example, a developer could use the
ShaderMask widget to apply a gradient shader to a widget, creating a gradient effect.
The Hero widget is used to create a shared element transition between two widgets in a
Flutter application. The Hero widget provides a tag property, which can be used to identify
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the widget that is being transitioned between screens. For example, a developer could use
the Hero widget to create a shared element transition between an image in a list and a
larger version of the same image on a detailed screen.
The Tween animation is used to create a transition between two values in a Flutter
application. The Tween animation provides a beginning and end value, which can be used
to control the animation. For example, a developer could use the Tween animation to create
a smooth transition between the color of a widget and a new color.
The FutureBuilder widget is used to rebuild a widget when a Future completes in a Flutter
application. The FutureBuilder widget provides a builder function that can be used to
rebuild a widget tree when a Future completes. For example, a developer could use the
FutureBuilder widget to rebuild a widget that displays the data returned by a Future after it
completes.
When you build Flutter applications for the first time it takes much longer than usual since
Flutter creates a device-specific APK file. Xcode and Gradle are used in this process for
building files which generally takes a longer time.
49. What are the different Widgets you can use to create a button without using
button widgets?
In Flutter, there are several types of widgets that you can use to create a button-like
behavior without using the built-in button widgets. Here are a few examples:
GestureDetector: The GestureDetector widget can detect a wide range of gestures, such as
taps, swipes, and long presses. You can use this widget to detect a tap gesture and execute
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a function in response, effectively creating a button-like behavior. Here’s an example:
GestureDetector(
onTap: () {
// Do something when the widget is tapped
},
child: Container(
width: 100,
height: 50,
color: Colors.blue,
child: Center(
child: Text('Button'),
),
),
)
InkWell: The InkWell widget provides a material design-style ink splash effect when the
widget is pressed. You can use this widget to create a button-like behavior with a visual
feedback effect. Here’s an example:
InkWell(
onTap: () {
// Do something when the widget is tapped
},
child: Container(
width: 100,
height: 50,
color: Colors.blue,
child: Center(
child: Text('Button'),
),
),
)
The choice between Flutter and React Native largely depends on your specific needs and
requirements. Both frameworks have their own strengths and weaknesses, and what works
best for one project may not work as well for another. Here are some key differences
between Flutter and React Native to help you make an informed decision:
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Performance: Flutter is known for its high performance, thanks to its use of a single
codebase that compiles directly to native code. This means that Flutter apps can run at
near-native speed, with smooth animations and fast load times. React Native, on the
other hand, uses a bridge to communicate between JavaScript and native code, which
can result in slightly slower performance.
Development speed: Flutter’s hot reload feature allows developers to see changes in
their app almost instantly, without having to restart the app. This can greatly speed up
the development process and make it easier to iterate on designs and features. React
Native also has a hot reloading feature, but it is not as fast as Flutter.
User interface: Flutter’s use of its own rendering engine (Skia) means that it can provide
a highly customizable and flexible user interface, with the ability to create complex
animations and transitions. React Native, on the other hand, uses native UI components
that can be customized to some extent but are not as flexible as Flutter.
Community and ecosystem: React Native has a larger and more mature community than
Flutter, with a wider range of third-party libraries and plugins available. However,
Flutter’s community is growing rapidly and has a strong focus on open-source
development, which can make it easier to find resources and support.
Learning curve: React Native is based on JavaScript, which is a widely-used
programming language, making it easier for developers to pick up and learn. Flutter, on
the other hand, uses the Dart programming language, which may take some time to
learn for developers who are unfamiliar with it.
Overall, both Flutter and React Native are powerful frameworks that can be used to create
high-quality mobile apps. The choice between them largely depends on your specific needs
and preferences, as well as the requirements of your project. If you value high performance
and fast development, Flutter may be the better choice. If you prioritize a larger community
and a wider range of third-party libraries, React Native may be the way to go.
Conclusion
Flutter is a popular and powerful framework for building beautiful and performant mobile
and web applications. With its vast library of widgets, animations, and tools, Flutter offers
developers the ability to build complex applications with ease.
In this article, we’ve covered some of the most common and important Flutter interview
questions and their answers. Whether you’re a seasoned Flutter developer or just starting
out, these questions will help you prepare for your next Flutter interview and build your
understanding of the framework. As you continue to learn and grow in your Flutter
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development journey, don’t forget to practice and experiment with the tools and concepts
covered in this article. With dedication and hard work, you can become a skilled Flutter
developer and create amazing applications that delight your users.
FAQs
No, Flutter is not a Programming Language. Flutter is a cross-platform SDK from Google.
Flutter is a mobile app SDK that allows the creation of high-quality native apps on iOS and
Android.
4. What are the differences and similarities between Flutter and Dart?
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