1. The probability that a number selected at Which of the following statements is true?

random between 100 and 999 (both [GATE – 99]

inclusive) will be not contain the digit 7 is 3
P(E1  E 2 ) =
[GATE – 95 (CS)] (a) 2
3
16  9  (b) E1 and E2 are independent
 
(a) 25 (b)  10  (c) E1 and E2 are not independent
(d) P(E1/E2) = 4/5
27 18
(c) 75 (d) 25 7. Four arbitrary point (x1, y1), (x2, y2), (x3,
y3), (x4, y4), are given in the xy-plane
2. The probability that is will rain today is using the method of least squares. If
0.5. The probability that is will rain regression of y upon x gives the fitted line
tomorrow is 0.6. The probability that it y = ax + b; and regression of x upon y
will rain either today or tomorrow is 0.7. gives the fitted line x = cy + d, then
What is the tomorrow? [GATE – 99]
[GATE – 97 (CS)] (a) the two fitted lines must coincide
(a) 0.3 (b) 0.25 (b) the two fitted lines need not coincide
(c) 0.35 (d) 0.4 (c) it is possible at ac = 0
3. A die is rolled three times. The probability (d) a must be 1/2
that exactly one odd number turns up 8. E1 and E2 are events in a probability space
among the three outcomes is satisfying the following constrains
[GATE – 98 (CS)]
P(E1 ) = P(E 2 ); P(E1  E 2 ) = 1; E1 and E2
1 3
(a) 6 (b) 8 are independent then P(E1) =
[GATE – 2000]
1 1
1
(c) 8 (d) 2
(a) 0 (b) 4
4. The probability that two friends share the 1
same birth-month is [GATE – 98] (c) 2 (d) 1
(a) 1/6 (b) 1/12 9. In a manufacturing plant, the probability
(c) 1/144 (d) 1/24 of making a defective bolt is 0.1. The
5. Suppose that the expectation of a random mean and standard deviation of defective
variable X is 5. Which of the following bolts in a total 900 bolts are respectively.
statement is true? [GATE – 99 (CS)] [GATE – 2000]
(a) There is a sample point at which X has (a) 91 and 9 (b) 9 and 90
the value = 5. (c) 81 and 9 (d) 9 and 81
(b) There is a sample point at which X has 10. Seven care accidents occurred in a week,
the value > 5. what is the probability that they all
(c) There is a sample point at which X has occurred on the same day? [GATE – 01]
a value  5 1 1
7 6
(d) None of the above (a) 7 (b) 7
1 7
6. Consider two events E1 and E2 that 7 7
(c) 2 (d) 2
1 1 1
P(E1 ) = , P(E 2 ) = andP(E1  E 2 ) =
2 3 5.
11. Four fair coins are tossed simultaneously. 3 6
The probability that atleast one head and (a) 23 (b) 23
atleast one tails turns up is [GATE – 02]
3 3
1 1
(c) 10 (d) 5
(a) 16 (b) 8
7 15 16. If a fair coin is tossed 4 times, what is the
(c) 8 (d) 16 probability that two heads and two tails
will result? [GATE – 04 (CS)]
12. The regression model is used to excess a 3 1
variable Y as a function of another (a) 8 (b) 2
variable X. This implies that[GATE–02]
5 3
(a) There is a causal relationship between
(c) 8 (d) 4
Y and X
(b) A value of X may be used to estimate 17. An exam paper has 150 multiple choice
a value of Y questions of 1 mark each, with each
(c) Value of X exactly determine values of question having four choices. Each
Y incorrect answer fetches –0.25 marks.
(d) There is no causal relationship Suppose 1000 students choose all their
between Y and X answer randomly with uniform
13. Let P(E) denote the probability of an event probability. The sum total of the expected
marks obtained by all the students is
1
[GATE – 04 (CS)]
E, Given P(A) = 1, P(B) = 2 the values of
(a) 0 (b) 2550
P(A/B) and P(B/A) respectively are (c) 7525 (d) 9375
[GATE – 03]
1 1 1 1 18. In a class of 200 students, 125 students
, , have taken programming language
(a) 4 2 (b) 2 4
course, 85 students have taken data
1 1
,1 1, structures course, 65 students computer
(c) 2 (d) 2
organization course, 50 students have
14. A box contains 10 screws, 3 of which are taken both programming languages and
defective. The screws are drawn at data structures, 35 students have taken
random which replacement. The both programming languages and
probability that none of the two screws is computer organization, 30 students have
defective will be [GATE – 03] taken both data structures and computer
(a) 100% (b) 50% organization, 15 students have taken all
(c) 49% (d) None of these the three courses. How many students
have not taken any of the three courses?
15. In a population of N families, 50% of the [GATE – 04 (IT)]
families have three children, 30% of (a) 15 (b) 20
families have two children and the (c) 25 (d) 35
remaining families have one child. What
is the probability that a randomly picked 19. A hydraulic structure has four gates which
child belongs to a family with two operate independently. The probability of
children? [GATE – 04 [IT]] failure of each gate is 0.2. Given that gate
1 has failed, the probability that both gates
 (b) Probability ( P  Q )  probability (P)
2 and 3 will fail is
[GATE – 04]
(a) 0.240 (b) 0.200 + probability (Q)
(c) 0.040 (d) 0.008 (c) If P and Q are mutually exclusive then
they must be independent

(d) Probability ( P  Q )  probability (P)

20. From a pack of regular playing cards, two
cards are drawn at random. What is the
probability that both cards will be kings, 24. A fair coin is tossed 3 times in succession.
if the card is NOT replaced? If the first toss produces a head, then the
[GATE – 04] probability of getting exactly two heads in
(a) 1/26 (b) 1/52 three tosses is
(c) 1/169 (d) 1/221 [GATE – 05(EE)]
21. The following data about the flow of 1 1
liquid was observed in a continuous (a) 8 (b) 2
chemical process plant 3 3
Flow rate(litres/sec) Frequency (c) 8 (d) 4
7.5 to 7.7 1
7.7 to 7.9 5 25. Two dice are thrown simultaneously. The
7.9 to 8.1 35 probability that the sum of numbers on
8.1 to 8.3 13 both exceeds 8 is [GATE - 05(PI)]
8.3 to 8.5 12 5 7
8.5 to 8.7 10 (a) 36 (b) 36
Mean flow rate of the liquid is 9 10
[GATE – 04] (c) 36 (d) 36
(a) 8.00 litres/sec (c) 8.06 litres/sec
(b) 8.16 litres/sec (d) 8.26 litres/sec 26. A lot had 10% defective items. Ten items
are chosen randomly from this lot. The
22. A bag contains 10 blue marbles, 20 black probability that exactly 2 of the chosen
marbles and 30 red marbles. A marble is items are defective is [GATE– 05(ME)]
drawn from the bag, its color recorded and (a) 0.0036 (b) 0.1937
it is put back in the bag. This process is (c) 0.2234 (d) 0.3874
repeated 3 times. The probability that no
two of the marbles drawn have the same 27. A single die is thrown two times. What is
color is [GATE – 05 (IT)] the probability that the sum is neither 8
1 1 nor 9? [GATE– 05(ME)]
(a) 36 (b) 6 1 5
1 1 (a) 9 (b) 36
(c) 4 (d) 3 1 3
(c) 4 (d) 4
23. If P and Q are two random events, then
which of the following is true? 28. The probability that there are 53 Sundays
[GATE–05 (EE)] in a random chosen leap year is
(a) Independence of P and Q implies that [GATE – 05 (IN)]

probability ( P  Q ) = 0
1 1
(a) 7 (b) 14
 1 2 coefficient of variation is speed is
(c) 28 (d) 7 [GATE – 07(CE)]
(a) 0.1517 (b) 0.1867
29. A fair dice is rolled twice. The probability (c) 0.2666 (d) 0.3646
that an odd number follow an even
number is [GATE – 05(EC)] 34. Let X and Y be two independent random
variables. Which one of the relations b/w
1 1
expectation (E), variance (Var) and
(a) 2 (b) 6
covariance (Cov) given below is False?
1 2 [GATE–07 (ME)]
(c) 3 (d) 7 (a) E(XY) = E(X) E(Y)
(b) cov (X, Y) = 0
30. The life of a bulb (in hours) is a random
(c) Var (X + Y) = Var(X) + Var (Y)
variable with an exponential distribution
(d) E(X2Y2) = (E(X))2 + (E(y))2
f (t) = e−t , 0  t  . The probability
35. Two cards are drawn at random in
that its value lies b/w 100 and 200 hours
succession with replacement from a deck
is [GATE – 05(PI)]
of 52 well shuffled cards probability of
−100 
(a) e − e −200  −100
(b) e − e
−200
getting both ‘Aces’ is [GATE – 07 (PI)]
−100  1 2
(c) e + e −200  (d) e
−200 
+ e −100 
(a) 169 (b) 169
31. Using given data points tabulated below, 1 2
a straight line passing through the origin (c) 13 (d) 13
is fitted using least squares method. The
slope of the line is [GATE - 2005] 36. The random variable X takes on the values
X 1 2 3 2 + 5P 1 + 3P
,
Y 1.5 2.2 2.7 1, 2 or (3) probabilities 5 5
(a) 0.9 (b) 1 1.5 + 2P
(c) 1.1 (d) 1.5 5
and respectively the values of P
32. Assume that the duration in minutes of a and E(X) are respectively
telephone conversation follows the [GATE – 07 (PI)]
exponential distribution (a) 0.05, 1.87 (b) 1.90, 5.87
1 (c) 0.05, 1.10 (d) 0.25, 1.40
f (x) = e − x /5 , x  0.
5 The probability that 37. If X is a continuous random variable
the conversation will exceed five minutes whose probability density function is
is [GATE – 07(IN)]
k(5x − 2x 2 ), 0  x  2
1 1 f (x) 
1− given by 0, Otherwise
(a) e (b) e
The P(x > 1) is [GATE – 07 (PI)]
1 1
2
1− (a) 3/14 (b) 4/5
(c) e (d) e2
(c) 14/17 (d) 17/25
33. If a standard deviation of the speed of 38. If E denotes expectation, the variance of a
vehicles in a highway is 8.8 kmph and the random variable X is given by
mean speed of the vehicles is 33 kmph, the [GATE–07 (EC)]

(a) E(X ) − E (X) (b) E(X ) + E (X)

2 2 2 2
 2 2 44. A coin is tossed 4 times. What is the
(c) E(X ) (d) E (X)
probability of getting heads exactly 3
39. An examination consists of two papers, times? [GATE–08 (ME)]
paper 1 and paper 2. The probability of (a) 1/4 (b) 3/8
failing in paper 1 is 0.3 and that in paper 2 (c) 1/4 (d) 3/4
is 0.2. Given that a student has failed in
paper 2, the probability of failing in paper 45. For a random variable x ( −  x   )
1 is 0.6. The probability of a student following normal distribution, the mean is
failing in both the papers is  = 100 . If the probability is P =  for
[GATE – EC 2007 – 2m]
(a) 0.5 (b) 0.18 x  110. Then the probability x lying b/w
(c) 0.12 (d) 0.06
90 and 110 i.e., P ( 90  x  110 ) and
40. X is uniformly distribution random equal to [GATE – 08 (PI)]
variable that take values between 0 and 1.
The value of E(X3) will be (a) 1 − 2 (b) 1− 
[GATE–08 (EE)] (c) 1 −  / 2 (d) 2
(a) 0 (b) 1/8
(c) 1/4 (d) 1/2 46. In a game, two players X and Y toss a coin
alternately. Whoever gets a ‘head’ first,
41. A random variable is uniformly
wins the game and the game is terminated.
distributed over the interval 2 to 10. Its
Assuming that player X starts the game
variance will be [GATE – 08 (IE)]
the probability of player X winning the
(a) 16/3 (b) 6
game is [GATE – 08 (PI)]
(c) 256/9 (d) 36
(a) 1/3 (b) 1/2
42. Consider a Gaussian distribution random (c) 2/3 (d) 3/4
variable with zero mean and standard
47. Three values of x and y are to be fitted in
deviation  . The value of its cumulative a straight line in the form y = a + bx by the

method of least squares. Given  x = 6,

distribution function at the origin will be
[GATE – 08 (IN)]
 y = 21,  x = 14,  xy = 46, the values
2
(a) 0 (b) 0.5

(c) 1 (d) 10  of a and b respectively

[GATE 2008]

43. Px (X) = Me( −2|x|) + Ne( −3|x|) is the

(a) 2, 6 (b) 1, 2
(c) 2, 1 (d) 3, 2
probability density function for the real
random variable X, over the entire x-axis, 48. The standard normal probability function
M and N are both positive real numbers. can be approximated as
The equation relating M and N is 1
F(XN ) =
[GATE – 08 (IN)] 1 + exp ( −1.7255X N | X N |0.12 )
2 1
M + N =1 2M + N = 1 XN = standard normal deviate. If mean
(a) 3 (b) 3 and standard deviation of annual
(c) M + N = 1 (d) M + N = 3 precipitation are 102 cm and 27 cm
respectively, the probability that the
 annual precipitation will be b/w 90 cm and report is 0.01, the probability that a person
102 cm is [GATE 09 (CE)] rested gets an incorrect report is
(a) 66.7% (b) 50.0% [GATE - 09 (IN)]
(c) 33.3% (d) 16.7% (a) 0.0027 (b) 0.0173
(c) 0.1497 (d) 0.2100
49. A fail coin is tossed 10 times. What is the
probability that only the first two tosses 53. If three coins are tossed simultaneously,
will yield heads? the probability of getting at least one head
2 2 is [GATE–09 (ME)]
1 1
  10c 2   (a) 1/8 (b) 3/8
(a)  2  (b) 2
(c) 1/2 (d) 7/5
10 10
1 1
  10c 2   54. The standard deviation of a uniformly
(c)  2  (d) 2
distribution random variable b/w 0 and 1
50. Consider two independent random is [GATE–09 (ME)]
variables X and Y identical distributions. 1 1
The variables X and Y takes values 0, 1 (a) 12 (b) 3
and 2 with probability 1/2, 1/4 and 1/4 5 7
respectively. What is the conditional
(c) 12 (d) 12
probability P(X + Y =2/X – Y = 0)?
[GATE 09 (EC)] 55. Assume for simplicity that N people, all
(a) 0 (b) 1/16 born in April (a month of 30 days) are
(c) 1/6 (d) 1 collected in a room, consider the event of
at least two people in the room being born
51. A discrete random variable X takes value
on the same date of the month (even if in
from 1 to 5 with probabilities the mean as
different years e.g. 1982 and 1985). What
show in the table. A student calculates the
is the smallest N so that the probability of
mean of X as 3.5 and her teacher
this exceeds 0.5 is?
calculates the variance to X as 1.5. Which
[GATE–09 (EE)]
of the following statement is true?
(a) 20 (b) 7
[GATE–09 (EC)]
(c) 15 (d) 16
K 1 2 3 4 5
P(X = K) 0.1 0.2 0.4 0.2 0.1 56. A box contains 4 white balls and 3 red
(a) Both the student and the teacher are balls. In succession, two balls are
right randomly selected and removed from the
(b) Both the student and the teacher are box. Given that first removed ball is
wrong white, the probability that the 2nd removed
(c) The student is wrong but the teacher is ball is red is [GATE – 10(EE)]
right (a) 1/3 (b) 3/4
(d) The student is right but the teacher is (c) 1/2 (d) 4/7
wrong
57. A fair coin is tossed independently four
52. A screening test is carried out to detect a times. The probability of the event “The
certain disease. It is found that 12% of the number of times heads show up is more
positive reports and 15% of the negative than the number of times tails show up” is
reports are incorrect. Assuming that the [GATE – 10(CS)]
probability of a person getting positive (a) 1/16 (b) 1/8
 (c) 1/4 (d) 5/16 chosen bin. Which one of the following
arrangements has the highest probability
58. What is the probability that a divisor of for getting a white ball picked?
1099 is a multiple of 1096? [GATE-10(PI)]
[GATE – 10(CS)]
(a) 1/625 (b) 4/625
(c) 12/625 (d) 16/625 (a) (b)

59. Consider a company that assembles

computers. The probability of a faulty (c) (d)
assembly of any computer is p. The
company therefore subjects each 64. A fair dice is tossed two times. The
computer to a testing process. This testing probability that the 2nd toss results in a
process gives the correct result for any value that is higher than the first toss is
computer with a probability of q. What is [GATE – 11(EC)]
the probability of a computer being 2 2
declared faulty? [GATE -10(CS)] (a) 36 (b) 6
(a) pq + (1 – p) (1 – q) (b) (1 – q)p 5 1
(c) (1 – p)q (d) pq (c) 12 (d) 2
60. A box contains 2 washers, 3 nuts and 4
bolts. Items are drawn from the box at 65. The box 1 contains chips numbered 3, 6,
random one at a time without 9, 12 and 15. The box 2 contains chips
replacement. The probability of drawing 2 numbered 6, 11, 16, 21 and 26. Two chips,
washers first followed by 3 nuts and one from each box are drawn at random.
subsequently the 4 bolts is The numbers written on these chips are
[GATE–10 (ME)] multiplied. The probability for the product
(a) 2/315 (b) 1/630 to be an even .number is _________.
(c) 1/1260 (d) 1/2520 [GATE-100(IN)]
6 2
61. Two coins are simultaneously tossed. The
(a) 25 (b) 5
probability of two heads simultaneously
appearing is 3 19
[GATE-10(CE)] (c) 5 (d) 25
(a) 1/8 (b) 1/6
66. It is estimated that the average number of
(c) 1/4 (d) 1/2
events during a year is three. What is the
62. If a random variable X satisfies the probability of occurrence of not more than
poission’s distribution with a mean value two events over a two - year duration?
of 2, then the probability that X > 2 is Assume that the number of events follow
[GATE-10(PI)] a poisson distribution,
−2 −2 [GATE-11(PI)]
(a) 2e (b) 1 − 2e
(a) 0.052 (b) 0.062
−2 −2
(c) 3e (d) 1 − 3e (c) 0.72 (d) 0.082
63. Two white and two black balls, kept in 67. An unbiased coin is tossed five times. The
two bins, are arranged in four ways as
outcome of each loss is either a bead or a
shown below. In each arrangement, a bin tail. Probability of getting at least one
has to be chosen randomly and only one head is ______. [GATE-11(ME)]
ball needs to be picked randomly from the
 1 13 sequence. Which one of the following
(a) 32 (b) 32 statements is incorrect?
[GATE – 11 (CS)]
16 31
(a) Index position of mode of X in X is the
(c) 32 (d) 32
same as the index position of mode of Y
68. There are two containers with one in Y.
containing red and 3 green balls and the (b) Index position of median of X in X is
other containing 3 blue balls and 4 green the same as the index position of median
balls. One ball is drawn at random from of Yin Y.
each container. The· probability that one (c)  y = a x + b
of the balls is red and the other is blue will
be [GATE – 11(CE)] (d)  y = a x + b
1 9
72. Two independent random variables X and
(a) 7 (b) 49 Y are uniformly distributed in the interval
12 3 [–1, 1]. The probability that max[X, Y] is
(c) 49 (d) 7 less than 1/2 is
[GATE - 22[EC, EE, IN])
69. It two fair coins are flipped and at least (a) 3/4 (b) 9/16
one of the outcomes is known to be a (c) 1/4 (d) 2/3
head, what is the probability that both
outcomes are heads? [GATE – 11(CS)] 73. A fair coin is tossed till a head appears for
1 1 the first time. The probability that the
number of required tosses is odd, is
(a) 3 (b) 4
[GATE-12(EC, EE, IN)]
1 2 (a) 1/3 (b) 1/2
(c) 2 (d) 3 (c) 2/3 (d) 3/4
70. If the difference between the expectation 74. A box contains 4 red balls and Three balls
of the square of a random variable [E(X2)] are selected randomly from the box one
and the square of the expectation of the after another, without replacement The
random variable [E(X)]2 is denoted by R, probability that the selected set contains
then, [GATE – 11(CS)] one red ball and two black balls is
(a) R = 0 (b) R < 0 [GATE - 12(ME,PI)]
(c) R  0 (d) R > 0 (a) 1/20 (b) 1/12
(c) 3/10 (d) 1/2
71. Consider a finite sequence of random
75. An automobile plant contracted to buy
values X = {x1, x2, x3, ………xn}. Let  x shock absorbers from two suppliers X and
Y. X supplies 60% and Y supplies 40% of
be the mean and  x be the standard
the shock absorbers. All shock absorbers
deviation of X. Let another finite
are subjected to a quality test. The ones
sequence Y of equal length be derivate
that pass the quality test are considered
from this yi = a.x i + b, where a and b are reliable. Of X's shock absorbers, 96% are
reliable. Of Y's shock absorbers, 72% are
positive constants. Let  y be the mean reliable. The probability that a randomly
and  y be the standard deviation of this chosen shock absorber, which is found to
reliable, is made by Y is
 (c) ( F(x) − G(x) )  x  0
[GATE-12(ME, PI)]
(a) 0.288 (b) 0.334
(c) 0.667 (d) 0.720 (d) ( F(x) − G(x) )  x  0
76. The annual precipitation data of a city is 81. Let X be a normal random variable with
normally distributed with mean and mean 1 and variance 4. The probability
standard deviation as 1000 mm and 200 P{X < O} is [GATE – 2013 (ME)]
mm, respectively. The probability that the (a) 0.5
annual precipitation will be more than (b) Greater than zero less than 0.5
1200 mm is [GATE – 12(CE)] (c) Greater than 0.5 less than 1.0
(a) <50% (b) 50% (d) 1.0
(c) 75% (d) 100%
82. The probability that a student knows the
77. In an experiment, positive and negative correct answer to a multiple choice
values are equally likely to occur. The
2
probability of obtaining at most one
question is 3 . If the student does not
negative value in five trials is
know the answer, then the student guesses
[GATE – 12(CE)]
the answer. The probability of the guessed
1 2
1
(a) 32 (b) 32
answer being correct is 4 . Given that the
3 6
student has answered the question
(c) 32 (d) 32 correctly, the conditional probability that
78. A continuous random variable X has the student knows the correct answer is
probability density function as a [GATE – 2013 (ME)]
f(x) = e–x, 0 < x <  , Then P{X > 1} is 2 3
(a) 0.368 (b) 0.5 (a) 3 (b) 4
(c) 0.632 (d) 1.0 5 8
(c) 6 (d) 9
79. Let U and V be two independent zero man
Gaussian random variable of variances 83. Find the value of  such that the function
1 1 f(x) is a valid probability density function
and
4 9 respectively. The probability _______.
P(3V  U) is f (x) =  ( x −1)( 2 − x ) for 1  x  2
[GATE – 2013(EC)] =0 otherwise
(a) 4/9 (b) 1/2 (a) (b)
(c) 2/3 (d) 5/6 (c) (d)
84. Suppose p is the number of cars per
80. Consider two identically distributed zero minute passing through a certain road
mean random variables U and V. Let the junction between 5 PM and 6 PM, and p
cumulative distribution functions of U has a Poisson distribution with the mean
and 2V be F(x) and G(x) respectively. 3. What is the probability of observing
Then, for all values of x fewer than 3 cars during any given minute
[GATE – 2013 (EC)] in this interval?
(a) F(x) − G(x)  0 8 9
(a) ( ) (b) ( )
3
2e 2e3
(b) F(x) − G(x)  0
 17 26 91. Let X1, X2, and X3 be independent and

(c) ( 2e ) (d) ( 2e )
3 3 identically distributed random variables
with the uniform distribution on [0, 1].
85. In a housing society, half of the families The probability P{X1 + X2  X3} is
have a single child per family, while the _____. (GATE–14–EC- SET 3)
remaining half have two children per 92. Let X be a zero mean unit variance
family. The probability that a child picked Gaussian random variable. E[|X|] is
at random, has a sibling is ______.
equal to ___ (GATE–14–EC–SET 4)
[GATE – 14 – EC – SET 1]
93. If calls arrive at a telephone exchange
86. Let x1, x2, and x3 be independent and
such that the time of arrival of any call is
identically distributed random variables
independent of the time of arrival of
with the uniform distribution on [0, 1]. earlier or future calls, the probability
The probability p {x1 is the largest} is distribution function of the total number
__________. [GATE-14-EC – SET 1) of calls in a fixed time interval will be
87. Let X be a real - valued random variable (GATE-14-EC-SET 4)
with E[X] and E[X2] denoting the mean (a) Poission (b) Gaussian
values of X and X2, respectively. The (c) Exponential (d) Gamma
relation which always holds true is 94. Parcels from sender S to receiver R pass
[GATE - 14- EC – SET 1] sequentially through two post - offices.
(a) (  )
2
E X  E  X 2  1
Each post - office has a probability 5 , of
E  X 2   ( E  X )
2

(b) losing an incoming parcel, independently

of all other parcels. Given that a parcel is
E  X 2  = ( E  X )
2

(c) lost, the probability that it was lost by the

E  X 2   ( E  X ) second post - office is ______.
2

(d) (GATE - 14-EC – SET 4)

88. Let X be a random variable which is 95. A fair coin is tossed n times. The
uniformly chosen from the set of positive probability that the difference between the
odd numbers less than 100. The number of heads and tails is (n – 3) is
expectation, E[X], is ______. [GATE – 14 – EE – SET 1]
[GATE– 14 EC – SEC 2] −n
(a) 2 (b) 0
n −n − n +3
89. An unbiased coin is tossed an infinite (c) C n −3 2 (d) 2
number of times. The probability that the
fourth head appears at the tenth toss is 96. Consider a die with the property that the
[GATE– 14 EC – SEC 2] probability of a face with 'n' dots showing
(a) 0.067 (b) 0.073 up is proportional to 'n'. The probability of
(c) 0.082 (d) 0.091 the face with three dots showing up is ___.
(GATE-14-EE-SET 2)
90. A fair coin is tossed repeatedly till both
head and tail appear at least once. The 97. Let X be a random variable with
average number of tosses required is probability density function.
_______. (GATE – 14–EC–SET 3)
 0.2 for | x | 1
 (a) 0.18 (b) 0.36
f (x) =  0.1 for1 | x | 4
0 (c) 0.54 (d) 0.6
 otherwise
The probability P(0.5 < x < 5) is ______. 102. A box contains 25 parts of which 10 are
defective. Two parts are being drawn
simultaneously in a random manner from
98. Lifetime of an electric bulb is a random the box. The probability of both the parts
variable with density f(x) = kx2, where x being good is
is measured in years. If the minimum and 7 42
maximum life times of bulb are 1 and 2
(a) 20 (b) 125
years respectively, then the value of k is
________ is [GATE – 14 – EE – SET 3] 25 5
(c) 29 (d) 9
99. Given that x is a random variable in the

range 0, with a probability density

103. Consider an unbiased cubic die with
opposite faces coloured identically and
x
− each face coloured red, blue or green such
e 2
that each colour appears only two times on
function K , the value of constant K is the die. If the die is thrown thrice, the
[GATE–14–IN – SET 1] probability of obtaining red colour on top
100. The figure shown the schematic of a face of the die at least twice is
Production process with machines A, B (GATE-14- ME - SET2)
and C. An input job needs to be pre- 104. A group consists of equal number of men
processed either by A or by B before it is and women. Of this group 20% of the men
fed to C, from which the final finished and 50% of the women are unemployed.
product comes out. The probabilities of If a person is selected at random from this
failure of the machines are given as: group, the probability of the selected
person being employee is
PA = 0.15, PB = 0.05 & PC = 0.1
[GATE-14 – ME - SET3]

105. A machine produces 0, 1 or 2 defective

piece in a day with associated probability
1 2 1
, and ,
of 6 3 6 respectively. Then mean
Assuming independence of failures of the value and the variance of the number of
machines, the probability that a given job defective pieces produced by
is successfully processed ( up to the third [GATE – 14 – ME – SET 3]
decimal place) is (GATE -14-IN –SET1) (a) 1 and 1/3 (b) 1/3 and 1
(c) 1 and 4/3 (d) 1/3 and 4/3
101. In the following table, x is a discrete
random Variable and p(x) is the 106. A nationalized bank has found that the
probability density. The standard daily balance available in its savings
deviation of x is accounts follows a normal distribution
with a mean of Rs. 500 and a standard
X 1 2 3 deviation of Rs. 50. The percentage of
P(x) 0.3 0.6 0.1 savings account holders, who maintain an
 average daily balance more than Rs. 500 ( −, + ) and its occurrence is defined by
is [GATE-14-ME- SET4]
the density function given as:
107. The number of accidents occurring in a − 
1  x −a 
2

1 
plant in a month follows Poisson f (x) = e 2 b 

distribution with mean as 5.2. The 2 * b where ‘a’ and ‘b’

probability of occurrence of less than 2 are the statistical attributes of the random
accidents in the plant during a randomly valuable {x}. The value of the integral
2
selected month is a 1  x −1 
1 −  
 e 2 b 
[GATE-14- ME - SET4] dx
− 2 * b is
(a) 0.029 (b) 0.034
(c) 0.039 (d) 0.044 [GATE – 14 – CE – SET 2]
(a) 1 (b) 0.5
108. The probability density function of
(c)  (d)  /2
evaporation E on any day during a year in
a watershed is given by 112. An observer counts 240veh/h at a specific
highway location. Assume that the vehicle
1
 0  E  5 mm / day arrival at the location is Poisson
f (E) =  5
distributed, the probability of having one
 0 otherwise
vehicle arriving over a 30-second time
interval is
The probability that E lies in between 2 (GATE – 14 - CE – SET 2)
and 4 mm/day in the watershed is (in
decimal) ____.[GATE -14 - CE – SET] 113. A simple random sample of 100
observations was taken from a large
109. A traffic office imposes on an average 5 population. The sample mean and the
number of penalties daily on traffic standard deviation were determined to be
violators. Assume that the number of 80 and 12, respectively. The standard
penalties on different days is independent error of mean is _______.
and follows a Poisson distribution. The (GATE – 14 – PI (SET 1)
probability that there will be less than 4
penalties in a day is _______. 114. Marks obtained by 100 students m an
[GATE -14 - CE – SET 1] examination are given m the table
S.No. Marked Number of
110. A fair (unbiased) coin was tossed four obtained students
times in succession and resulted in the 1 25 20
following outcomes; (i) Head, (ii) Head, 2 30 20
(ii) Head, (iv) Head. The probability of 3 35 40
obtaining a "Tail'' when the coin is tossed 4 40 20
again is (GATE – 14 – CE – SET 2) What would be the mean, median and
1 mode of the marks obtained by the
(a) 0 (b) 2 students?
4 1 [GATE - 14 - PI – SET 1]
(c) 5 (d) 5 (a) Mean 33; Median 35; Mode 40
(b) Mean 35; Median 32.5; Mode 40
111. If {X} is a continuous, real valued random (c) Mean 33; Median 35; Mode 35
variable defined over the interval (d) Mean 35; Median 32.5; Mode 35
115. In a given day in the rainy season, it may 120. The probability that a given positive
rain 70% of the time. If it rains, chance integer lying between 1 and 100 (both
that a village fair will make a loss on that inclusive) is NOT divisible by 2, 3 or 5 is
day is 80%. However, if it does not rain, ___________ .
chance that the fair will make a loss on (GATE – 14 – CS – SET 2)
that day is only 10 %. If the fair has not
made a loss on a given day in the rainy 121. Let S be a sample space and two mutually
exclusive events A and B be such that
season, what is the probability that it has
not rained on that day? A  B = S . If P(.) denotes the probability
(GATE – 14 – PI - SET) of the event, the maximum value of P(A)
(a) 3/10 (b) 9/11 P(B) is _______.
(c) 14/17 (d) 27/41 (GATE – 14 – CS - SET3)
116. Suppose you break a stick of unit at a 122. Suppose A & B are two independent
point chosen uniformly at random. Then
the expected length of the shorter stick is events with probabilities P(A)  0 and
_________. P(B)  0. Let A&B be their
(GATE – 14 – CS – SET 1)
complements. Which of the following is
117. Four fair six-sided dice are rolled. The false?
probability that the sum of the results [GATE – 15 – CS – SET 1]
being 22 is X/1296. The value of X is (a) P(A  B) = P(A)P(B)
[GATE – 14 – CS – SET 1]
A
P   = P(A)
118. The security system at an IT office is (b)  B 
composed of 10 computers of which
exactly four are working. To check (c) P ( A  B) = P(A) + P(B)
whether the system is functional, the P ( A  B ) = P(A)  P(B)
(d)
officials inspect four of the computers
picked at random (without replacement). 123. The input X to the Binary Symmetric
The system is deemed functional if at least Channel (BSC) shown in the figure is '1'
three of the four computers inspected are with probability 0.8. The cross-over
working. Let 'the probability that the probability is 1/7. If 'the received bit Y =
system is deemed functional be denoted 0, the conditional probability that '1' was
by p. Then 100 p = ________. [GATE – transmitted is __________.
14 – CS – SET 2]

119. Each of the nine words in the sentence

“The Quick brown fox jumps over the
lazy dog" is written on a separate piece of
paper. These nine pieces of paper are kept [GATE – 15 – EC – SET 2]
in a box. One of the pieces is drawn at
random from the box. The expected length 124. Let the random variable X represent the
of the word drawn is ________. number of times a fair coin needs to be
(The answer should be rounded to one tossed till two consecutive heads appears
decimal place.) for the first time. The expectation of X is
(GATE – 14 – CS – SET 2) ________. (GATE-15 - EC – SET 2)
 Let X 0,1 and Y 0,1 be two
(GATE – 15 – EE – SET2)
125.
(a) The coin tosses are independent
independent binary random variables. If (b) R is fair, Sis not
P(X = 0) = p and P(Y = 0) = q, then (c) S is fair, R is not
P(X + Y  1) is equal to (d) The coin tosses are dependent
[GATE – 15 – EC – SET 2]
131. The probability that a thermistors
(a) pq + 1 (1 – p) (1 – q) randomly picked up from a production
(b) pq
unit is defective is 0.1. The probability
(c) p(1 – q) that out of 1.0 thermistors randomly
(d) 1 – pq
picked up, 3 are defective is
126. A fair die with faces {l, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6} is (GATE-15-IN)
thrown repeatedly till '3 ' is observed for (a) 0.001 (b) 0.057.
the first time. Let X denote the number of (c) 0.107 (d) 0.3
times the dice is thrown. The expected
132. The probability density function of a
value of X is ___________. −2
(GATE – 15 – EC – SET3) random variable X is Px (x) = e for x  0
and 0 otherwise. The expected value of
127. The variance of the random variable X
the function g x (x) = e3x / 4
with probability density function
1 is___________.
f (x) = | x | e −|x| [GATE – 15 IN]
2 is _________.
[GATE – 15 – EC – SET 3] 133. Consider the following probability mass
function (pmf) of a random variable X.
128. A random variable X has probability
density function f(X) as given below:  q if X = 0

a + bx for 0 < x < 1 p ( x, q ) = 1 – q If X = 1
f (x) =   0
 0 otherwise  otherwise
If the expected value E(X) = 2/3, then If q = 0.4, the variance of X is ________.
Pr[X < 0.5] is [GATE – 15 – CE – SET 1]
[GATE – 15 – EE – SET 1]
134. The probability density function of a
129. Two players, A and B, alternately keep random variable, x is

( 4 − x 2 ) for 0  x  2
rolling a fair dice, The person to get a six x
f (x) =
first wins the game. Given that player A 4
starts the game, the probability that A win
The mean,  x of the random variable is
the game is
[GATE – 15 – EE – SET 1] _________. [GATE – 15 – CE – SET 2]
(a) 5/11 (b) 1/2 135. Among the four normal distributions with
(c) 7/13 (d) 6/11 probability density functions as shown
130. Two corns R and S are tossed. The 4 joint below, which one has the lowest variance?
events HRHS, TRTS, HRTS, TRHS have [GATE – 15 – ME – SET 1]
probabilities 0.28, 0.18, 0.30, 0.24
respectively, where H represents head and
T represents tail. Which one of the
following is TRUE?
 2 2
(c) ( 5 − 2 )! (d) ( 5 − 3)!

140. Ram and Ramesh appeared in an

interview for two vacancies in the same
department. The probability of Ram's
(a) I (b) II selection is 1/6 and that of Ramesh is 1/8.
(c) III (d) IV What is the probability that only one of
them will be selected?
136. The probability of obtaining at least two (GATE – 15 – EC – SET 2 & ME – SET 1)
'SIX' in throwing a fair dice 4 times is 47 1
[GATE – 15 – ME – SET 1] (a) 48 (b) 4
(a) 425/432 (b) 19/144
13 35
(c) 13/144 (d) 125/432
(c) 48 (d) 48
137. The chance of a student passing an exam
141. A coin is tossed thrice. Let X be the event
is 20% The chance of a student passing
the exam and getting above 90% marks in that head occurs in each of the first two
it is 5%. Given that a student passes the tosses. Let Y be the event that a tail occurs
examination, the probability that the on the third toss. Let Z be the event that
student gets above 90 % marks is two tails occur in three tosses. Based on
[GATE – 15 – ME – SET 2] the above information, which one of the
following statements is TRUE?
1 1
[GATE – 15 – ME, PI & IN – SET 3]
(a) 18 (b) 4
(a) X and Y are not independent
2 5 (b) Y and Z are dependent
(c) 9 (d) 18 (c) Y and Z are independent
(d) X and Z are independent
138. If P(X) = 1/4, P(Y) = 1/3 and
1 Y 142. Given Set A = {2, 3, 4, 5} and Set B = {11,
P (X  Y) = , P  12, 13, 14, 15}, two numbers are
12 the value of  X  is
randomly selected, one from each set.
[GATE – 15 – ME – SET 3]
What is the probability that the sum of the
1 4 two numbers equals 16?
(a) 4 (b) 25 [GATE – 15 – EE – SETI & CS – SET 1]
1 29 (a) 0.20 (b) 0.25
(c) 3 (d) 50 (c) 0.30 (d) 0.33

139. A product is an assemble of 5 different 143. The probabilities that a student passes in
components. The product can be Mathematics, Physics and Chemistry are
sequentially assembled in two possible m, p and c respectively. Of these subjects,
ways. If the 5 components are placed in a the student has 75% chance of passing in
box and these are drawn .at random from at least one, a 50% Chance of passing in
the box, then the probability of getting a at least two and a 40% chance of passing
correct sequence is [GATE – 15 – PI] in exactly two. Following relations are
2 2 drawn in m, p, c:
I. p + m+ c = 27/20
(a) 5! (b) 5
II. p + m + c = 13/20
III. (p) × (m) × (c) = 1/10 J 148. An urn contains 5 red and 7 green balls.
[GATE - 15 - EE – SET 1, CS – SET 1] A ball is drawn at random and ifs colour
(a) Only relation I is true is noted. The ball is placed back into the
(b) Only relation II is true urn along with another ball of the same
(c) Relations Il and III are true colour. The probability of getting a red
(d) Relations I and III are true ball in the next draw is
(GAE – 16 - IN)
144. Four cards are randomly selected from a
65 67
pack of 52 cards. If the first two cards are
(a) 156 (b) 156
kings, what is the probability that the third
card is a king? 79 89
[GATE – 15 – CE – SET 2] (c) 156 (d) 156
(a) 4/ 52
(b) 2/50 149. The second moment of a Poisson-
(c) (1/52) × ( 1 / 52) distributed random variables is 2. The ·
(d) (1/52) × (1/51) × (1/50) mean of the andom variabie ______ is
(GATE – 16 – EC – SET 1)
145. Suppose Xi for i = 1, 2, 3 are independent
and identically distributed random 150. The random variable X and Y are
variables whose probability mass distributed according to
functions are Pr[Xi = 0] = Pr[Xi = 1] =1/2 (x + y), 0  x  1, 0  y  1
f X,Y (x, y) = 
for i = 1, 2, 3. Define another random  0 otherwise
The probability is ________.
variable Y = X1 X2  EB X3, where 
(GATE – 16 – EC – SET 1)
denotes XOR. Then Pr[Y = O | X3 = 0] =
_________. (GATE – 15 – CS– SET3) 151. The probability of getting a "head" in a
single toss of a biased coin is 0.3. The coin
146. Candidate were asked to come to an
is tossed repeatedly till a "head" is
interview with 3 pens each. Black, blue,
obtained If the tosses are independent,
green and red were the permitted pen
then the probability of getting "head". For
colours that the candidate could bring.
the first time in the fifth toss is
The probability that a candidate comes
_________. (GATE – 16 – EC – SET 3)
with all 3 pens having the same colour is
_________. (GATE -16 - EE- SET 1) 152. Consider a Poisson distribution for the
tossing of a biased coin. The mean for this
147. Let the probability density function of a
random variable X, be given as: distribution is  . The standard deviation
3 for this distribution is given by:
f x (x) = e −3x u(x) + ae 4x u( − x)
2 (GATE – 16 ME – SET 1)
Where u(x) is the unit step function.  (b) 
2
(a)
Then the value of ‘a’ and Prob x  0 , 1
respectively, are (GATE–16 EE–SET2) (c)  (d) 
1 1
2, 4,
(a) 2 (b) 2 153. The probability that a screw manufactured
by a company is defective is 0.1. The
1 1
2, 4, company sells screws in packets
(c) 4 (d) 4
containing 5 screws and gives a guarantee
 of replacement if one or more screws in (b) rejection of the null hypothesis when
the packet are found to be defective. The it is true and should be accepted
probability that a packet would have to be (c) rejection of the null hypothesis when it
replaced is ______. is false and should be rejected
(GATE – 16 – ME – SET 2) (d) acceptance of the null hypothesis
when it is true and should be accepted
154. The area (in percentage) under standard (GATE – 16 – CE – SET1)
normal distribution curve of variable Z
within limits from –3 to + 3 is ________. 159. The spot speeds (expressed in km/hr)
(GATE – 16 – ME – SET 3) observed at a road section are 66, 62, 45,
79, 32, 51, 56, 60, 53 and 49. The median
155. Three cards were drawn from a pack of 52 speed (expressed in km/hr) is _______.
cards. The probability that they are a king, (GATE – 16 – CE – SET2)
a queen, and a jack is (Note: answer with one decimal accuracy)
16 64
(a) 5525 (b) 2197 160. X and Y are two random independent
events. It is known that P(X) = 0.40 and
3 8
(c) 13 (d) 16575 P(X  YC ) = 0.7. Which one of the

156. A fair coin is tossed N times. The following is the value of (X  Y) ?

probability that head does not turn up in (GATE – 16 – CE – SET2)
any of the tosses is (a) 0.7 (b) 0.5
(GATE – 16 – PI – SET 1) (c) 0.4 (d) 0.3
N −1 N −1 161. If f(x) and g(x) are two probability density
1 1
  1−   functions,
(a)  2  (b) 2
x
1
N
1
N
 a + 1: − a  x  0
  1−   
(c)  2  (d) 2  x
f (x) = − + 1: 0  x  a
 a
157. A normal random variable X has the 0 : otherwise
following probability density function 

 ( x −1)2 
−   x
− a : − a  x  0
1  8 
f x (x) = e , −  x  
8 
x

g(x) =  : 0xa
 f x (x)dx =  a
Then 1
0 : otherwise
(GATE – 16 PI – SET 1) 

1
Which of the following statements is true?
(a) 0 (b) 2 (GATE – 16 – CE – SET2)
1 (a) Mean of f(x) and g(x) are same;
1−
(c) e (d) 1 Variance of f(x) and g(x) are same.
(b) Mean of f(x) and g (x) are same;
158. Type II error in hypothesis testing is Variance of f(x) and g(x) are different.
(a) acceptance of the null hypothesis when (c) Mean of f(x) and g (x) are different;
it is false and should be rejected variance of f(x) and g(x) are same.
 (d) Mean of f(x) and g(x) are different; average number of attempts that
Variance of f(x) and g(x) are different. passengers need to make to get a seat
reserved is ________.
162. A probability density function on the (GATE – 17 – EC)
interval [a, 1] is given by 1/x2 and outside
this interval the value of the function is 167. 500 students are taking one or more
zero. The value of a is _____. courses out of chemistry, physics and
(GATE – 16 – CSE – SET 1) Mathematics. Registration records
indicate course enrolment as follows:
163. Consider the following experiment. Chemistry - (329), Physics (86),
Step 1: Flip a fair coin twice. Mathematics (295), Chemistry and
Step 2: If the outcomes are (TAILS, physics (83), Chemistry and Mathematics
HEADS) then output Y and stop. (217), and physics and Mathematics (63).
Step 3: If the outcomes are either How many students are taking all 3
(HEADS, HEADS) or (HEADS, TAILS), subjects? (GATE-17-EC)
then output N and stop. (a) 37 (b) 43
Step 4: If the outcomes are (TAILS, (c) 47 (d) 53
TAILS), then go to Step 1.
The probability that the output of the 168. Three fair cubical dice are thrown
experiment is Y is (up to two 'decimal simultaneously. The probability that all
places)______ three dice have the same number of dots
(GATE – 16 – CSE – SET 1) on the faces showing up is ( up to third
decimal place) ________.
164. Suppose that a shop has an equal number (GATE – 17– EC)
of LED bulbs of two different types. The
probability of an LED bulb lasting more 169. Assume that in a traffic junction, the cycle
than 100 hours given that it is of Type 1 is of the traffic signal lights is 2 minutes of
0.7, and given that it is of Type 2 is 0.4. green ( vehicle does not stop) and 3
The probability · that an LED bulb chosen minutes of. red (vehicle stops). Consider
uniformly at random lasts more than 100 that the arrival time of vehicles at the
hours is junction is uniformly distributed over 5
(GATE – 16 – CSE – SET2) minute cycle. The expected waiting time
(in minutes) for the vehicle at the junction
165. The probability that a communication is ______.
system will have high fidelity is 0.81. The (GATE – 17 – EE)
probability that the system will have both
high fidelity and high selectivity is 0.18. 170. An urn contains 5 red balls and 5 black
The probability that a given system with balls. In the first draw, one ball is picked
high fidelity will have high selectivity is at random and discarded without noticing
(GATE – 17 - IN) its colour. The, probability to get a red ball
(a) 0.181 (b) 0.191 in the second draw is
(c) 0.222 (d) 0.826 (GATE – 17 – EE)
1 4
166. Passengers try repeatedly to get a seat
reservation in any train running between (a) 2 (b) 9
two stations until they are successful. If 5 6
there is 40% chance of getting reservation (c) 9 (d) 9
in any attempt by a passenger, then the
171. A person decides to toss a fair coin which one of the following statements is
repeatedly until he gets a head. He will correct? (GATE – 17– CE)
make at most 3 tosses. Let the random (a) a = 1, b = 4 (b) a = 0.5, b = 1
variable Y denotes the number of heads. (c) a = 0, b = 1 (d) a = 1, b = –1.
The value of var{Y}, where var{.}
178. P and Q are considering to apply for a job.
denotes the variance, equal
(GATE – 17 – EE) The probability that P applies for the job
1
7 49
is 4 , the probability that P applies for the
(a) 8 (b) 64
7 105 1
(c) 64 (d) 64 job given that Q applies for the job is 2 ,
and the probability that Q applies for the
172. A six-face fair dice is rolled a large
number of times. The mean value of the job given that P applies for the job is 3.
outcomes is ______. (GATE – 17–ME) Then the probability that p does not apply
for the job given that Q does not apply for
173. Two coins are tossed simultaneously. The the job is
probability (upto two decimal points (GATE – 17 – CSIT)
accuracy) of getting at least one bead is 4 5
(GATE – 17 – ME) (a) 5 (b) 6
174. A sample of 15 data is as follow: 17, 18, 7 11
17, 17, 13, 18, 5, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 20, 17, 3. (c) 8 (d) 12
The mode of the data is: 179. If a random variable X has a Poisson
(GATE – 17 - ME) distribution with mean 5, then the
(a) 4 (b) 13 expectation E[(X + 2)2] equals _______.
(c) 17 (d) 20 (GATE – 17 – CSIT)
180. For any discrete random variable X, with
175. A two-faced fair coin has its face probability mass function P(X = j) = pj,
designated as head (H) and tail (T). This N
coin is tossed three times in succession to p j  0, j 0,........., N,  p j = 1,
and j= 0
record the following outcomes: H, H, H.
define the polynomial function
If the coin is tossed one more time, the
N
probability (up to one decimal place) of g x (z) =  p jz j .
j= 0 For a certain discrete
obtaining H again, given the previous
realizations of H, H and H, would be random variable Y, there exists a scalar
(GATE – 17 – CE)   [0,1] such that g y (z) = 1 −  +  z .
N
________.

176. The number of parameters in the The expectation of Y is

univariate exponential and Gaussian (GATE – 17 – CSIT)

(a) N (1 −  )
distributions, respectively, are
(GATE – 17 – CE)
(a) 2 and 2 (b) 1 and 2 (b) N

(c) N (1−  )
(c) 2 and 1 (d) 1 and 1

177. For the function f (x) = a + bx, 0  x  1, (d) Not expressible in terms of N and 
to be a valid probability density function, alone.
181. Let X be a Gaussian random variable with is no tie. Define a trial as a throw of the
dice by P and Q. Assume that all 6
mean 0 and variance  . Let y = max(X,
2

numbers on each dice are equi-probable

0) where max(a, b) is the maximum of a
and that all trials are independent. The
and b. The median of Y is _________.
probability (rounded to 3 decimal places)
(GATE – 17 – CSIT)
that one of them wins on the third trial is
182. Probability (up to one decimal place) of ________.
consecutively picking 3 red balls without (GATE – 48 – CSIT)
replacement from a box containing 5 red
186. A six sided unbiased die with four green
balls and 1 white ball is ________.
faces and two red faces is rolled seven
(GATE – 18 – CE – SET2)
times. Which of the following
183. The graph of a function f(x) is shown in combinations is the most likely outcome
figure of the experiment?
(GATE-18-CSIT)
(a) Three green faces and four red faces
(b) Four green faces and three red faces
(c) Five green faces and two red faces
(d) Six green faces and one red face

187. Let X1, X2, X3 and X4 be independent

For f(x) to be a valid probability density normal random variables with zero mean
function, the value of h is and unit variance. The probability that X4
(GATE – 18 – CE – SET 2) is the smallest among the four is ______.
(a) 1/3 (b) 2/3 (GATE – 18 – EC)
(c) 1 (d) 3
188. A cab was involved in a hit and run
184. A probability distribution with right skew accident at night. You are given the
is shown in figure. following data about the cabs m the city
The correct statement for the probability and the accident.
distribution is (i) 85 % of cabs in the city are green and the
(GATE-18-CE-SET2) remaining cabs are blue.
(ii) A witness identified the cab involved in
the accident as blue.
(iii) It is known that a witness can correctly
identify the cab colour only 80% of the
time.
(a) Mean is equal to mode Which of the following options is closest
(b) Mean is greater than median but less to the probability that the accident was
than mode caused by a blue cab?
(c) Mean is greater than median and mode (GATE – 18 – EC)
(d) Mode is greater than median (a) 12% (b) 15%
(c) 41% (d) 80%
185. Two people, P and Q, decide to
independently roll two identical dice, each 189. A class of twelve children bas two more
with 6 faces, numbered 1 to 6. The Person boys than girls. A group of three children
with the lower number wins. In case of a are randomly picked from this class to
tie they roll the dice repeatedly until there accompany the teacher on a field trip.
 What is the probability that the group 194. A six-faced fair dice is rolled five times.
accompanying the teacher contains more The probability (in %) of obtaining
girls than boys? "ONE" at least four times is
325 (GATE – 18 – ME – SET 1)
(a) 0 (b) 864 (a) 33.3 (b) 3.33
(c) 0.33 (d) 0.0033
525 5
(c) 864 (d) 12 195. Let X1, X2 be two independent normal

190. X and Y are two independent random random variables with means  1,  2 and
Variables with variances 1 and 2,
standard deviations  1,  2, respectively.
respectively. Let Z = X – Y. The variance
of Z is (GATE - 18 - IN) Consider Y = X1 – X2;  1 =  2 = 1,  1 =
(a) 0 (b) 1
(c) 2 (d) 3 1,  2 = 2. Then,
191. Consider a sequence of tossing of a fair (GATE – 18 – ME – SET 1)
coin where the outcomes of tosses are (a) Y is normally distributed with mean 0
independent. The probability of getting and variance 1.
the head for the third time in the fifth toss (b) Y is normally distributed with mean 0
is (GATE – 18 – IN) and variance 5
(c) Y has mean 0 and variance 5, but is
5 3
NOT normally distributed.
(a) 16 (b) 16
(d) Y has mean 0 and variance 1, but is
3 9 NOT normally distributed
(c) 5 (d) 16
192. Two bags A and B have equal number of 196. Let X1 and X2 be two independent
balls. Bag A has 20% red balls and 80% exponentially distributed random
green balls. Bag B has 30% red balls, 60% variables with means 0.5 and 0.25,
green balls and 10% yellow balls. respectively. Then Y = min (X1 , X2) is
Contents of bags A and B are mixed (GATE – 18 – ME – SET2)
thoroughly and a ball is randomly picked (a) exponentially distributed with mean
from the mixture. What is the 'chance that 1/6
the ball is randomly picked from the (b) exponentially distributed with mean 2
mixture? What is the chance that the ball (c) normally distributed with mean 3/4
'picked is red? (GATE – 18 – IN) (d) normally distributed with mean 1/6
(a) 20% (b) 25% 197. An unbiased coin is tossed six times in a
(c) 30% (d) 40% row and four different such trials are
193. Four red balls, four green ball s and four conducted.
blue balls are put in a box. Three balls are One trial implies six tosses of the coin. If
pulled out of the box at random one after H stands for head and T stands for tail, the
another without replacement. The following are the observations from the
probability that all the three balls are red four trials:
is (GATE – 18 – ME – SET 1) (1) HTHTHT (2) TTHHHT
(a) 1/72 (b) 1/55 (3) HTTHHT (4) HHHT __ __.
(c) 1/36 (d) 1/27 Which statement describing the last two
coin tosses of the fourth trial has the
highest probability of being correct?
 (GATE – 18 – ME – SET2) 203. Suppose Y is distributed uniformly in the
(a) Two T will occur. open interval (1, 6). The probability that
(b) One H and one T will occur. the polynomial 3x2 + 6xy + 3y + 6 has
only real roots is (rounded off to 1 decimal
(c) Two H will occur.
place) [GATE-19-CSIT]
(d) One H will be followed by one T.
204. Let Z be an exponential random variable
198. Weights (in kg) of six products are 3, 7, 6, with mean 1. The cumulative distribution
2, 3 and 4. The median weight (in kg, up function of Z is given by
to one decimal place) is ________. 1 − e− x if x  0
(GATE – 18 – PI) Fz (x) = 
0 if x < 0
199. The probabilities of occurrence of events Then Pr (Z > 2 | Z > 1 ), rounded off to
two decimal places, is equal to ______.
F and G are P(F) = 0.3 and P(G) = 0.4,
[GATE – 19 – EC]
respectively. The probability that both

events occur simultaneously is P(F  G)

205. Which one of the following function is
analytic over the entire complex plane?
= 0.2. The probability of occurrence of at
[GATE – 19 – EC]
least one event P(F  G) is _________. 1/ z
(a) e (b) ln(z)
(GATE – 18 – PI)
200. A box has 8 red balls and 8 green balls. 1
Two balls are drawn randomly in (c) 1 − z (d) cos(z)
succession from the box without
206. If X and Y are random variables such that
replacement. The probability that the first E[2X + Y] = 0 and E[X + 2Y] = 33, then
ball drawn is red and the second ball E[X] + E[Y] = _______·
drawn is green is [GATE-19-INST] [GATE – 19 – EC]
(a) 4/15 (b) 4/16
207. The probability of a resistor being
(c) 1/2 (d) 8/15
defective is 0.02. There are 50 such

resistors is a circuit. The probability of
201. The function p(x) is by p(x) = A / x two or more defective resistors in the
circuit (round off to two decimal places)
where A and  are constant with  > 1 is ___________. [GATE – 19 – EE]
and 1  x   and p(x) = 0 for −  x  1. 208. The lengths of a large stock of titanium
For p(x) to be a probability density rods follow a normal distribution with a
function, the value of A should be equal to mean (  ) of 440 mm and a standard
[GATE – 19 – INST]
deviation (  ) of 1 mm. What is the
(a)  − 1 (b)  + 1 percentage of rods whose lengths lie
between 438 mm and 44 1 mm?
(c) 1/ (  − 1) (d) 1/ (  + 1) [GATE – 19 – ME – SET 1]
(a) 81.85 % (b) 68.4 %
202. Two numbers are chosen independently (c) 99.75% (d) 86.64%
and uniformly at random from the set {l,
2, ..... , 13}. The probability (rounded off 209. The variable x takes a value between 0
to 3 decimal places) that their 4 bit and 10 with uniform probability
(unsigned) binary representations have distribution. The variable y takes a value
the same most significant bit is between 0 and 10 with uniform
[GATE – 19 – CSIT] probability distribution. The probability
 of the sum of variables (x + y) being
greater than 20 is
[GATE – 19 – ME – SET 1]
(a) 0.50 (b) 0
(c) 0.33 (d) 0.25

210. If x is the mean of data 3, x, 2 and 4, then

the mode is _____.
[GATE – 19 – ME – SET 1]

211. The probability that a part manufactured

by a company will be defective is 0.05. If
15 such parts are selected randomly and
inspected, then the probability that at least
two parts will be defective is ______.
(round off to decimal places).
[GATE – 19 – ME – SET 1]
212. The probability density function of a
continuous random variable distributed
uniformly between x and y (for y > x) is
[GATE – 19 – CE – SET 2]
1 1
(a) y − x (b) x − y
(c) x – y (d) y – x