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Notes de Classe

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Marie-lyne Roustom
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12 views3 pages

Notes de Classe

Uploaded by

Marie-lyne Roustom
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Setting up DEBIAN notes:

- On Windows we have two types of file systems FAT and NTFS, while in
Linux we have multiple file system types such as: Ext2 (first one created on
Linux), Ext3, Ext4 (last version of Ext) – btrfs (manages small files) – XFS
( manages big files) – JFS (journalized file system) – FAT32, FAT16 …

We should note that all of the above files are journalized except for Ext2.

- On Windows, a virtual memory is an area in the hard disk that Windows


uses as a RAM extension (as if it were a RAM) especially when RAM is full due to
overload of open programs; while in Linux we should allocate this type of
memory, and it is named “swap area” (its usual size is the double of RAM’s).

- It is recommended to create a /home mount point partition (contains user


home directories) independently from the Linux one, so that if we format our PC,
no data will be lost.

- The swap and / are obligatory to setup and install Linux.


- We have multiple graphic interfaces on Linux (while on windows we only
have one graphic interface) as previously taught, so downloading/setting up
we asked to keep the default interface (if we download them all we can swap
between them). The most famous ones are GNOME, KDE, and MATE.

- We cannot install (or run the installation) of a download on Linux unless we


are a super user (root).
- We can download “WPS for office”, it has the same office for windows
features (Word, Excel, PowerPoint presentation)

- All the programs we download are downloaded on the virtual Hard disk we
have created.

Hard Disks:
We have two types of partitions, logical and primary partitions, regardless of the
operating system.
In a Hard disk we can have 4 primary partitions maximum, for that the numbering of
primary partitions is from 0 to 4.
If we create an extended partition (we can have only one per hard disk), it can fit an
unlimited number of logical partitions knowing that their numbering starts from 5 (for
differentiation).
Creating a logical partition is unfeasible without having at least one primary partition
because the operating system runs on it.

Storage wise, if we choose to create 4 primary partitions without using the whole
memory provided by the hard disk, the remainder is unusable. For that for efficiency, we
yield an extended memory and 3 primary ones (or less).

Each directory is mounted to a partition, and if a directory isn’t linked to a partition,


writing to it is stored under the root, which is a mandatory partition (swap and / are the
only mandatory partitions on Linux).

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