kdentitleatlon ofCation

EXPERIMENT
OBSERVATION
INFERENCE
1. Test for Ammonim N#,) kon :
Tothe sallquantity of salt is taken
(olour lesw gas (NHI,)
snellis not
Amnonium (NH;)
cat ion is absent
in a dry tst ube tew dropsotNaOH with pungent
solution is added and heated strongly. evolved.
2. Test for IGroup Cations :
lothe salt solution a few dvps of No ppt.is formed Lead ( P6°))cation
dil. HCI soluionis dded. is absent.

3. Testfor IlGroup Cations :

To the sait solution a few dops of No ppt is lormed Copper (C')
dil.HCI oluionis added and H;S gas cat ion is absent.
ispassed.

4. Test for lll Group Cations :

To the salt solution NH,CIsalt and Dirty Green pp. is Ferrous (Fe) ca tion
NH,OH solution are added. formed. may be present.
Confirmation Tests for Ferrous
1. Action of NH,OHsolution:
To the salt solution NH,OH solution Dirty Green ppt. Ferrous (Fe) cation
is added. |Fe(OH):/ isformed. is confirmed.

2. Action of K{Fe(CN)/ solution :

To the salt solution Potassium Deep Blue ppt. is Ferrous (Fe) cation
ferrocyanide KfFe(CN)o] solution is formed. is confirmed.
added.

Report :
The given Catin is : Ferrous (Fe')
The given Anion is Sulphate (So;)
The given salt is Ferrous Sulphate [FeSo,)
 Expt.Dt :
ANALYSIS OF SIMPLE SALT - 17
Priliminary Tests
1. Colour White Cu, Fe* & Mnt2
cations may be absent.
2.State Crystall ine
EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE
3. Flame test:
Cleanthe platinum wire by dipping| Dull bluish white +2
Pb may be present.
in conHTand heat it on tlame colour flame is observed
upto no colour appears.
Now.
prepare the paste of con.HCH sat
in wateh glass, then introduce this
naste by plat inum write loop into
the tlame.

4. Action of heat :
May be Lead Salt is
ASmall quantity of salt is taken in Cracking sound is
present. Hydrat ed salt.
adrv test tube and strongly heated. observed.

Identification of Anion
1. Action of dil.HCl:
Small quantity of salt is taken in No reacti on. Carbonate (co; ) &
adry test tube and dil. HClis Acetate (CH,COO )
added.
ions are absent.

2. Action of ConcHSO4: Chloride (Cl)&

a) Before heating no
Asmallquantity of salt is taken in reaction. Bromide (Br) ions are
adry test tube and Conc.H,S0, is absent.
added.
b) After heating Reddish Nitrate (NO; )ion may
Brown vapours are be present.
evolyed.
3. Action of Cu turnings and
Nitrate (No,) ion is
Conc.H,S0,: Reddish Brown vapours
To the smallquantity of salt is present.
of NO2are evolved and
taken in a test tube 1or 2 pieces of the solution turns pale
Cu turmings and ConcH,S0, are
added and then heated. blue

Confirmation test for Nitrate ion

1. Brown- Ring test : Dark Brown Ring is Nitrate (NO, )ion is
Asmall quantity of salt solution is formed in between the confirmed.
taken in a test tube and same
|junction of two layers.
) dnount of freshly prepared FeS0,ofl (Nitroso ferrous
M solution is added, then few drops (FeSO4.NO)
ConcH;SO, is added by keeping sulphate)
he test tube in an incl ined position.
ical Series-630255 1716 63
 Identification of Cation
EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION
1. Test for
Ammonium (NH)ion: INFERENCE
Tothe smallquantity of salt is
in a dry test tube few drops taken
Colour les gas (NH, ) Ammonium (NH))
solution is added and heatedofNaOH
with pungent smell is not cation is absent
strongly. evolved.
2. Test for IGroup
To the salt solution aCations:
few drops of
dil. HCI solut ion is added. Whüe ppt. (PbCI) is Lead (| Pb'}cationi
formed.
absent.

Confirmation Tests for Lead

1. Action of K,CrO, solution :
To the salt solution Potassium
chromate solution (K,CrO¡) is added.
Yellow colour ppt Lead (Pb'* cation is
(PbC0) is formed. confirmed.
Which dissolves in
NaOH solution.
2. Action of KI solution :
Tothe salt solution Pota ssium iodide A Yellow colour ppt. is
(KI) solution is added. Lead (Pb") cation is
formed which is confirmed.
dissolved in hot water
and cooled. Golden
yellow spangles are
formed.

Report:
The given Cation is Lead (P6)
The given Anion is Nitrate (No;)
The given salt is Lead Nitrate Pb( NO, ),|
 Expt.Dt:
ANALYSIS OF SIMPLE SALT 18
Priliminary Tests
Cu Fe & Mn
White
1.Colour cations may be absent.
2. State (rystalline
OBSERVATION INFERENCE
EXPERIMENT
3. Flame test:
not Ca, Sr, Ba Cu
Clean the platinum wire by dipping colour flame is
flame Zn (or) Mn, P62
observed
in conHCTand heat iton are absent.
Now.
upto no colour appcars.
con.HC4salt
prepare the paste of
in watch glass, then
introduce this
into
paste by plat inum write loop
the flame.

4. Action of heat: May be Hydrated salt.

taken in
Asmall quantity of salt is heated.
Water droplets are
formed on the inner walls
adry test tube and strongly of test tube.
Identification of Anion

1.Action of dil.HCl: Noreaction. Carbonate ( co;) &

salt is taken in
Asmall quantity ofdil.HClis
a dry test tube and Acetate (CH, CO0 )
added. 1ons are absent.

2. Action of ConcH,S0,: Colour less gas (HCI) Chloride (CI) ion may
in
Asmall quantity of salt is taken is with pungent smell is be present.
adry test tube and Conc.H)S0, evolved and gives dense
added. white fumes (NH,CI)
with glass od when
dipped in NH,OH.
Confirmation test for Chloride ion

1. Action of MnO, & ConcH,S04 Greenish yellow colour Chloride (CI)cation is

vapours (C:) with confirmed.
To the smallquant ity of salt is pungent smellare
taken in a test tube pinch of Mn0, evolved.
and ConcH,S0, are added.
2. Action of AgNO; solution : Chloride (C) cation is
solution White curdy ppt of
10 the salt solution AgNO, (AgCh) is formed. confirmed.
is added.
Solubility: Above ppt. is
completely soluble in
NH,OH

ctical Series-6302551716 65
 dentillentlon ofCatlon

EXPERIMENT
OBSERVATION
INFERENC
(NIZ,) Ammonium
I. Test for Ammonium(N/,) on : (olorlessgus
taken scll is not cal ion is absent
To the snmall quantily of salt is NaO# with pumxnt
in adry test tube few drops of evolvel.
solution is added and heated strongly.
2. Test for IGroup (ations : No pptis lormed Lcad (Pb }cation
To the salt solutiona few dnps of absent.
diü. HCI soluion is added.

3. Test for IIGroup Cations : No ppt. is

formed Copper (Cu cati,
To the salt solutiona few dnps of is absent.
dil. HCI solution is added and HS gas
is passed.
4. Test for IlIGroup Cations : No ppt. is
formed.
Aluminium(4/"&
To the salt solution NH,CIsalt and
NH,OH solution are added. Ferrous (Fe") caton
are absent.

5. Test for IV Group Cations :

No ppt. is formed.
Zinc (Zn), Mangane,
To the salt solution NH,CI salt and (Mn")&Nickel (N'
NH,ÌH solution are added, then H)S cations are absent.
gas is passed.
6. Test for V Group Cations : Barium (Ba*),
To the salt solution NH,CI salt is No ppt is formed.
Calcium (Ca) &
added, then NH,OH and Strontium (Sr) caton
(NH,), C0, solutions are added. be absent.

7. Test ofMegnesium (Mg) ion :

Action of NH,OH and Na,HP0,
solutions:
To the salt solution NH,CI salt is White ppt. Mg(NH)P0, Magnesium (Mg'")
added, then NH,OH and NapHPO, is formed. Which is cat ionmay be presen.
solutions are added. soluble in dil.HCland
acetic acid.
Confirmation Tests for Magnesium
1.Action of NaOH solution :
To the salt solution NaOH solution is White pptt. is formed. Magnesium (Mg")
added. Which is insoluble in cationis confirmed.
excess ofNaOH.
2. To the salt solution Na,C0,
solution is added. White ppt. is formed. Magnesium(Mg")
cation is confirmed.

Report :
The given Cation is Magnesium (Mg')
The given Anion is
Chloride (C)
The given salt is : Magnesium Chloride MgCI,|
 ANALYSIS OF SIMPLE SALT 19
Priliminary Tests
Cu, Fe & Mn
1. Colour White cations may be absent.
2. State Crystall ine
EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE
3.Flame test :
Clean the platinum wire by dipping colour flame is not Ca2, Sr, Ba, Cu
in conHCl and heat it on flame observed Zn (or) Mn, Pb*2
are absent.
upto no colour appcars. Now,
prepare the paste of con.HCHsalt
inwatch glass, then introduce this
naste by plat inum write loop into
the flame.
4.Action of heat :
May be Hydrated salt.
ASmall quantity of salt is taken in Water droplets are
adry test tube and strongly heated. formed on the inner walls
of test tube.
Identification of Anion

1. Action of dil. HCI:

Asmall quantity of saltis taken in No reaction. Carbonate (Co;) &
a dry test tube and dil.HClis Acetate (CH,C00 |)
added.
ions are absent.
2. Action of ConcH,S0,:
a) Before heating no Chloride (CI)&
Asmall quantity of salt is taken in Bromide (Br )ions are
reaction.
adry test tube and Conc.H)S0, is absent.
added.
b) After he ating no Nitrate (No;) ion is
reaction.
absent.
3.Action of Cu turni ngs and
Conc.H)SO,: Nitrate(NO,) ion is
Tothe small quantity of salt is No reaction absent.
taken in a test tube l or 2 piec es of
Cu tumings and ConcH,S0,are
added and then h eated.
4. Action of BaCh solution :
To the salt solution BaCl, solution White ppt of (BaSO) is Sulphate( SO; )ion is
is added. formed.
present.
Confirmation test for Sulphate ion
1. Action of BaCl,solution:
To the salt solution BaCl; solution White pp. of(BaSO,) is Sulphate (S0;)ion is
is added. formed. confirmed.
Solubility :Above ppt is
insoluble in Conc.HCI
 Identification of Cation
OBSERVATION
EXPERIM ENT
1. Test for Ammonium ( NH;)ion INFERENCE
To the smallquantity of salt is taken Colour less gas (NH,) Ammonium (NH:)
in a dry test tube few drops of NaOH withpungent smell is no cation is absent
solution is added and heated strongly. evolved.
2.Test for IGroup Cations:
Tothe salt solution a few drops of No ppt.is formed Lead ( Pb cation
dil.HClsolution is added. is absent.
3. Test for II Group Cations :
To the salt solutiona few drops of No ppt. is formed
dil.HCl solution is added and H;S gas Copper(Cu)
cation is absent
is passed.
4. Test for IIIGroup Cations :
To the salt solution NH,Cl salt and Noppt. is formed.
NHOH solution are added. Aluminium(A)
& Ferrous (Fe
cations are absent.
5. Test for IV Group Cations:
To the salt solution NH,Cl salt and No ppt. is forme d. Zinc (Zn*),.
NH,OH solution are added, then H2S Manganese (Mn)
gas is passed. &Nickel (Ni
cations are absent.
6. Test for VGroup Cations:
To the salt solution NH,Cl salt is No ppt. is formed. Barium (Ba*.
added, then NH,OH and Calcium (Ca) &
(NH,), C0, solutions are added. Strontium (S-")
cations are absent.
7. Test of Megnesium (Mg*) ion:
Action of NH,OH and Na,HP0,
solutions:
Tothe salt solution NH,CI salt is Whte pptL Mg(NH)PO Magn esium (Mg")
added, then NH,OH and Na,HPO4 isformed. Which is cation may be
soluti ons are added. soluble in dilHCl and present.
acetic acid.
Confirmation Tests for Magnesium
1. Action of NaOH solution:
To the salt solution NaOH solution is
added.
White ppt is formed. Magnesium (Mg")
Which is insoluble in cation is confirmed.
excess ofNaOH.
2. To the salt solution Na,CO;
solution is added.
Whüe ppt. is formed. Magnesium (Mg")
cation is confirmed
Repurt
The given Cation is Magnesium (Mg)
The given Anion is : Sulphate (so;)
The given salt is
Magnesium Sulphate (MgSo,
 Expt.Dt:
ANALYSIS OF SIMPLE SALT - 22
Priliminary Tests
1.Colour Greenish
Ni cations may be
present.
2.State Crystalline
EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE
3.Flame test :
Clean the plat inumwire by dipping Colour flame is observed Ca, Sr,Ba', Cu",
in conHC and heat it onflamc Zn (or) Mn, P6*?
upto no colourappcars. Now, are absent.
prepare the paste of con.HCH salt
in watch glass, then introduce this
paste by plat inum write loop into
the flame.
4.Action of heat:
ASmall quantity of salt is taken in Reddish Brown vapours
adry test tube and strongly heated. are evolved.
May be Nitrate (NO,)
salt is pre se nt.
Identification of Anion
1. Action of dil.HCI:
Asmall quantity of salt is taken in No reacti on.
Carbonate (Co; ) &
a drytest tube and dil.HClis
added. Acetate (CH,COO|)
ions are absent.
2. Action of Conc.H;SO, :
Asmall quantity of sa lt is taken in a) Before heating no Chloride (CI)&
adry test tube and Conc.H;S0, is reaction. Bromide (Br)ions are
added. b)After he ating reddi sh absent.
Brown vapours are Nitrate (No;) ion may
evolved.
be present.
3. Action of Cu turnings and
Conc.H;SO4:
To the small quantity of salt is Reddish Brown vapours
taken in a test tube lor 2 pieces of of NO, are evolved and Nitrate (No,) ion is
Cutumings and ConcH;SO4 are the solution turns pale absent.
added and then heated. blue.
Confirmation test for Nitrate ion
I. Brown- Ring test :
ASmall quantity of salt solution is Dark Brown Ring is
taken in a test tube and same formed in bet ween the Nitrate (No,)ion is
amount of freshly prepared FeS04junction of two layers. confirmed.
SOlution is added, then few drops of (Nitroso ferrous
Conc.H,SO, is added by
the test tube in an inclinedkeeping
sulphate) (FeSO4.NO)
position.

WINNING STARS-IPE Snemistry Practical Series-6302551716

 Identifleation of Cation
EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION
1. Test for Ammonium( N#,) ion :
INFERENCE
lo the snall quant ity of salt is taken Colour less gas (NH,) Ammonium
in a dry test tube tew dnps of Na)H with pungnt smell is not NH cat ion is
soution is added and hcated strongly. evolved. absent.
2. Testfor I Group Cations :
Tothe salt solution a few dops of Noppt.is formed
dil. HCI soluion is added. Lead{ Pb cation
is absent.
3. Test for lIGroup Cations :
Tothe salt solution a few dops of No ppt. is formed
dil. HCI solution is added and H;S gas Copper ( Cu)
is passed. cat ion is absent.
4. Test for Ill Group Cations :
To the salt solution NH,CI salt and No ppt. is formed.
NH,OH soution are added. Aluminium (A!)
&Ferrous (Fe
cations are absent.
5. Test for IV Group Cations:
To the salt solution NH,CI sa lt and Black ppt (NiS) is Nickel (Ni
NH,OH solution are added, then H;S formed. cat ion may be
gas is passed. present.
Confirmation Tests for Nickel
1. Action of NaOH solution :
To the salt solution Sodium Green Gelatinous ppt. Nickel (Nr)
Hydroxide solution (NaOH) is added. Ni(OH), is formed. cat ion is confimad
It is insoluble in excess
of NaOH solution.
2. Action of NH,OH solution :
To the salt solution NH,OH solution Green ppt. Ni(OH), is Nickel (NT)
is added. formed. cat ion is confimad
It becomes blue violet on
addition ofexcess of
NHOH solution.

Report :
The given Cation is: Nickel (Ni)
The given Anion is : Nitrate ( NO;)
The given salt is Nickel Nitr ateN (NO,),1
 Expt.Dt:

ANALYSIS OF SIMPLE SALT - 23

PrilininaryTests
1.Colour Cu Fe & Mn
White cations may be absent.
2State Crystalline
EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE
1.Flame test:
ieanthe platinumwire by dipping Crimson red colou flame S. may be abent.
HIand heat it on flame is observed
incon
nto no colour appears. Now,
preparethe paste of con.HCt salt
in watch glas, then introduce this
naste by plat inum write loop into
the flame.
4. Action of heat :
ASmall quantity of salt is taken in Water droplets are May be Hydrated salt.
adry test tube andstrongly heated. formed on the inner walls
of test tube.
ldentification of Anion
1. Action of dil. HC:
Asmall quantity of sa lt istaken in No reaction.
Carbonate ( co;) &
adry test tube and dil.HClis
added. Acetate (CH, C00 )
ions are absent.
2. Action of Conc.H,S0,:
Asmallquantity of salt is taken in Colour less gas(HC) Chloride (C) ion may
adry test tube and Conc.H;SO, is with pungent smell is be present.
added. evolved and gves dense
white fumes (NHCI)
with glass Dd when
dipped in NHOH.
Confirnation test for Chloride ion
1. Action of MnO, &
Conc.H;SO4
To the small quantity of salt is Greenish yellow colour
taken in a test tube pinch of MnO; vapours (Cl,) with
Chloride (CI)ion is
and Conc.H S0, are added. confimed.
pungent smell are
evolved.
2. Action of AgNO,
lo the salt solution solution :
solution is added. AgNOs White cund ppt. of Chloride (C!) ion is
(AgCI) is formed. confimed.
Solubility : Above ppt. is
completely soiuble in
NHOH

INNINGSTARS-IPE Chemistry Practical

 Identification of Cation
EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION
1. Test for Ammonium (NH,)ion : INFERENCE
Colour less gas (NH,)
To the small quantity of salt is taken
in a dry test tube few drops ofNaOH
Ammonium (NH;)
with pungent smell is not cation is absent.
solution is added and heated strongly. evolved.
2.Test for IGroup Cations :
Tothe salt solution a few drops of No ppt. is formed Lead( Pbcation is
dil. HCI solution is added.
absent.
3. Test for IIGroup Cations :
To the salt solution a few dops of No ppt. is formed
dil. HCIsolution is added and HS gas Copper (Cu)cation
is absent.
ispassed.
4. Test for III Group Cations:
To the salt solution NH,CI salt and No ppt. is formed.
NHOH solution are added. Aluminium (Al"&
Ferrous (Fe) cations
are absent.
5. Test for IV Group Cations :
Tothe salt solution NH,CI salt and No ppt. is formed. Zinc (Zn*), Manganese
NH,OH solution are added, then H)S (Mn*)&Nickel (Ni
gas is passed. cations are absent.
6. Test for V Group Cations :
To the salt solution NH,CI salt is White ppt. is formed. Barium (Ba) or
added, then NH,OH and (NH), CO, Calcium (Ca"))or
solutions are added. Strontium (Sr") cation
may be present.
Confirmation Tests for Strontium
1. Action of K;CrO, solution:
To the salt solution Potassium Yellow pp. (SrCr0) is Strontium (S)cation
formed. is confirmed.
chromate solution (K;Cr0,) is added.
It is soluble in acetic
acid.
2. Action of Ammoniumsulphate Strontium (S*) cation
solution : White ppt is formed.
It issparingly soluble in is confirmed.
To the salt solution Ammonium
sulphate solution is added. acetic acid and highly
soluble in dilHCI.

Report :
The given Cation is Strontium (Sr)
The given Anion is Chloride (CI)
The given salt is Strontium Chloride SrCi,]

PLId
WINNINGSTARS Publication
 Expt.Dt:

ANALYSIS OF SIMPLE SALT - 24

Prii minaryTests
1.Colour
Cu,Fe* &Mn
White
cations may be absent.
State Crystall ine
2.
EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE
1 Flame test:
an the plat inumwire by dipping Green flashes colour Zn or Mn may be
in
conHland heat it on flame flame is obse rved Present.
uptono colour appcars. Now,
prparethe pasteof con.HCH salt
n watch glas,then introduce this
aste bv platinum write loop into
the flame.
heat :
4, Action of
ASmall quantity of salt is taken in Water droplets are May be Hydrated salt.
sdrv test tube and strongly hea ted. formed on the inner walls
of test tube.
Identification of Anion
1. Action of dü.HCI:
Asmall quantity of alt istaken in No reaction. Carbonate (co;) &
adry test tube and di. HClis
added. Acetate (CH,CO0 )
ions are absent.
2. Action of Conc.HSO,:
ASmall quantity of salt is taken in a) Be fore heating no Chloride (Cl)&
adry test tube and Conc.H;SO, is reaction. Bromide (Br ) ions are
added. b)After heating no absent.
reaction. Nitrate (No, )ion is
absent.
3. Action of Cu turnings and
Conc.H)S0,: Nitrate(O;) ion is
Tothe small quantity of salt is Noreaction absent.
taken in a test tube I or 2 pieces of
Cu tumings and ConcH;SO,are
added and then heated.
4. Action of BaClh solu tion :
To the salt solution BaCh solution White ppL of (BaSO,) is Sulphate (SO) ion is
isadded. formed.
present.
Confirmation test for Sulphate ion
1. Action of BaClh solu tion :
To the small solution BaCl; White ppt of (BaS0,) is
solution is added. formed.
Sulphate (S0;) ionis
Solubility : Above ppt. is confirmed.
insoluble in Conc.HCI

WINNING STARS-IPE ChemistryPractical Series 6302551716

 ldentification of Cation
EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION
INFERENCE
1. Test for Ammoniu m(NH,) ion :
To the smallquantity of salt s taken
Colour less gas(NH,) Ammonium (NH;
in a dry test tube few drops of Na0H with pungnt smell is not cation is absent
solution is addedand heated strongly. evolved.
2. Test for IGroup (ations:
To thesat solution a few dnps of No ppt. is formed Lead( Pb* }cation
dü. HCIsoluion is added. is absent.
3. Testfor lGroup Cations :
To the salt solution a few dops of Noppt. is formed Copper (Cu)
dil. HClsoluion is adde dand H S gas cation is absent.
is passed.
4. Testfor III Group Cations :
To the salt solution NHCI salt and No ppt. is formed. Alumini um(A!
NHOH solution are added. &Ferrous (Fe
cations are absent.
5. Test for IVGroup Cations :
Tothe salt solution NH,CI salt and Whte ppt. (ZnS) is Zinc (Zn" cation
NHOH Solution are added, then H;S formed. may be present.
gas is passed.
Confirmation Tests for Zinc
1. Ation of NaOH solution:
To the salt solution Sodium White ppt. Zn(OH), is Zinc (Zn) cation is
confirmed.
Hydroxide solution (NaO) is added. formed.
Above ppt. is soluble in
excess ofNaOH
solution.
2. Action ofNH,OH solution:
White Gelatinous ppt. is Zinc (Zn) cation is
To the salt solution NHÌH solution confirmed.
is added. formed.
Above ppt. is soluble in
excess of NH,OH
solution.

Report :
The given Cation is Zine (Zn")
The given Anion is Sulphate (So;)
The given salt is ZineSulphate (ZaS0,]