Advanced Math -04 1 Exponent & Logarithm

Exponent & Logarithm

[ Exponent ]
Important Formulas:
1) a m   a mn
n 1
q q
2) am.an = am+n 8) a= a
1 1
m 9) a-n = A_©vr a-2 = 2
3) aman = a =am-n an a
an
4) a0 = 1 10) (ab)m = ambm
mm
1 a
11)   = a
5) a =a2 b bm
1 -p p
m n
6) 3a = a3 12)   =  
n m
2 x y
3 2 13) a =a n‡j, x= y
7) a = a3
14) ax=bx n‡j, a=b

1. If 1 = 1, then 100 is: [EMBA DU -12]

a. 50 b. 25 c. 10 d. 1 Ans:d
Solution: ‡h †Kvb wKQzi Dci cvIqvi wn‡m‡e 0 Avm‡j Zvi gvb 1 nq|
2. Which of the following are equal in value? ( wb‡Pi †Kvb ¸‡jvi gvb mgvb?) [BD House Building FC
(OF)-2017]
I. 14 II. 40 III. 41 IV.04
a. II and III b. I and II c. III and IV d. I and IV Ans: b
Solution:
I. 14 = 1, II. 40 = 1, III. 41 = 4, IV. 04 = 0
So, I and II are equal. Ans: B

3. 173+ 174= ?[National Bank-(PO)-2017]

7 12 3 4
a. 17 b. 17 c. 17 (18) d. 2(17 ) + 17 Ans: c
3
Solution: 17 + 17 4
17 (1+17)
3
 173(18)
4. (17)3.5  (17)? = 178 {Trust Bank Ltd. (MTO)-2016}
a. 2.29 b. 2.75 c. 4.25 d. 4.5 Ans: d
Solution:
17 8
(17)3.5  (17)? = 178  (17)? =  (17)? = 17(8 – 3.5)  (17)? = 174.5  ?
17 3.5
 Easily: ïay Dc‡ii cvIqvi¸‡jv wb‡q 3.5 + ? = 8  ? = 8 – 3.5 = 4.5

5. 507  207 is 10x times larger than 1108, where x is: [Agrani Bank - (SO)-2017 ]
a. 13 b. 6 c. 21 d. 29 Ans:a
Solution:
507  207 = (5020)7 = 10007 = (103)7 = 1021
 Advanced Math -04 2 Exponent & Logarithm
According to the question,
1021 = 10x 1108 [Since 1021 is 10x times larger than 1108]
1021 = 10x+8
x+8 = 21, x=13 Ans:
2
6  
6. What is the value of 2 3 ? [BBA 96-97]
a. 16 b. 12 c. 8 d. 4 Ans: a
2 2
Solution: ‡`Iqv Av‡Q, 2 6 3  
 2 3
6
 24 = 16
7
 1
7. If x 2  then the value of X is ? [Sonali Bank Officer (General)– 2018]
128
a. 8 b. - 4 c. 4 d.2 Ans: c
7
 1
Solution: x 2 
128
 7
1

1
27

1
7
1
2
1
 7 
1
 x 7

1
2 7
  x
7
= 27  x = 2 x = 4
x2 x 2
8. (2x-1)2x-5 is equal to [Sonali Bank Officer (General)– 2018]
a. 2x2 b. 4x c. 4x-3 d. 4x-7 Ans:d
Solution: (2x-1)2× x-5 = 22.x-2× x-5 = 4×x-2×x-5 = 4x-7
9. (2x-1)2 x-5 is equal to--- [Islami Bank (PO)-2019]
(a) 2x2 (b) 4x (c) 4x2 (d) 4x3 Ans: d
2
 1 1 1
Solution: (2x-1)2 x-5 =  2    5 = 4  2 x5 = 4x3
 x x x
10. 3x + 3x + 3x = ? [BKB - (SO)-2017]
a. 9x b. 27x2 c. 3x+1 d. 3x3 Ans:c
x x x x x+1
Solution: 3 + 3 + 3 = 3.3 = 3

11. 5-3 + 5-3 + 5-3 + 5-3 + 5-3 = ? [Agrani Bank - (SO)-2017 ]

a. 25-15 b. 25-2 c. 5-2 d. 5-15 Ans: c
Solution:
5-3 + 5-3 + 5-3 + 5-3 + 5-3
=5. 5-3 (5Uv 5-3 ‡hgb: a2 + a2 _vK‡j Avgiv wjwL 2 a2 )
= 51-3 = 5-2 Ans:
12. 230 + 230 + 230 + 230 = ? (BANK Asia Pro. Off. -2014)
a. 8120 b. 830 c. 232 d. 230 Ans: c
30 30 30 30 30 2 30 30+2 32
Solution: 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 = 4. 2 = 2 . 2 = 2 or, 2
13. If x = ya, y = zb and z = xc then the value of abc is[BD House Building FC (SO)-2017] &
[Rupali Bank Off- (Cash)-2018 & BB (AD)-2018]
a. 1 b. 0 c. 0.5 d. Infinity Ans:a
Solution:
x = ya Or, x=zab (Since y= zb) Or, x = xabc (Since z= xc ) Or, xabc = x1 Or, abc = 1
Alternative way, y = zb or, y = xbc or, y = yabc or, abc = 1 (A_©vr †h ‡KvbUv a‡iB DËi 1 )
 Advanced Math -04 3 Exponent & Logarithm
x y z
14. If p = q, q = r and r = p then the value of xyz is[Sonali Bank (SO-FF-quota)-2019]
(A) 1 (B) – 1 (C) 0 (D) pqr Ans: A
z
Solution: Here, r = p  (q ) = p
y z
 (p ) = p  p = p xyz = 1
x yz xyz

15. 4n = 64 n‡j n Gi gvb wb‡Pi †KvbwU n‡e? [Sonali Bank S.off - 2014]
a. 0 b. 1 c. 3 d. 4 Ans: c
Solution: 4n = 64 4n = 43  x = 3

16. if 5n = 3125, then the value of 5(n-3) is,[Agrani Bank –(SO) 2017 (morning)-Canceled]
a. 25 b. 125 c. 625 d. 1625 Ans: a
Solution:
5n = 3125 or, 5n = 12525, or, 5n = 5352, or, 5n = 55, So, n = 5
Now, 5(n-3) = 5(5-3) = 52 = 25 Ans:
17. If 2 n = 64, what will be the value of n? [Janata Bank (EO)-2017 (afternoon)]+ [Janata Bank
(AEO-Teller)-2019]
a. 2 b. 4 c. 6 d. 12 Ans: d
2
Solution: 2 = 64  2 = 2
n n 6
  2 n  = (2 ) [eM© K‡i]
6 2
2 =2 n 12
 n = 12
 
18. If 3 n = 729, the value of n is:( 3 n =729 n‡j, n Gi gvb KZ? [Agrani Bank –(SO) 2017
(morning)-Canceled]
a. 6 b. 8 c. 12 d. 10 Ans: c
n n 6 n 12
Solution: 3 = 729,or, 3 =3 or, or 3 = 3 So n = 12 Ans:
19. If ‘m’ and ‘n’ are whole numbers such that mn =121, the value of (m-1)n+1 is ? (hw` m Ges
n `ywU c~Y© msL¨v nq, Ges mn =121 nq, Zvn‡j (m-1)n+1 Gi gvb KZ? ) [Agrani Bank –(SO) 2017
(morning)-Canceled] +[Combined 5 banks (Cash)-2019]
a. 21 b. 10 c. 100 d. 1000 Ans: d
Solution: mn = 121  mn = (11)2  m = 11 Ges n = 2
GLb (m – 1)n+1  (11 – 1)2+1  103  1000

GLv‡b 121 †K fv½‡j ïaygvÎ 112 A_ev 1211 nq| GLb 112 ai‡j mn =112 ev, m=11 Ges n=2 nq,
GLb (m-1)n+1 = (11-1)2+1 = 103 = 1000 Ans:
20. If 4x+1=32, then x =? [BKB – (CASH ) -2017]
3 2
a. 2 b. 3 c. d. Ans: c
2 3
3
Solution: 4x+1=32 or, 22(x+1) =25 = or, 2x+2 = 5 or 2x = 3 So, x = Ans:
2
21. For what value of x is 82x-4 = 16x ? [Agrani Bank - (SO)-2017 ]
a. 2 b. 3 c. 4 d. 6 Ans: d
Solution:
82x-4 = 16x or,23(2x-4) = 24x or, 26x-12 = 24x or, 6x-12 = 4x or, 2x = 12 x = 6. Ans.
1
1. If 22x-1 = , Then the value of x is. [Rupali & Janata Bank (Off:)- 2019]
8 x 3
(A) 3 (B) 2 (C) 0 (D) – 2 Ans: B
1
2x-1
Solution: 2 = x  3 , 2 (2x-1)
=8 -(x-3)
2 (2x-1)
=2 (9-3x)
2x-1= 9-3x 5x= 10  x= 2
8
 Advanced Math -04 4 Exponent & Logarithm

22. If 162x+4 = 43x+3 then x = ? [BKB (officer) – 2017]

a. - 5 b. 1 c. 13/5 d. - 1 Ans: a
Solution: 16 = 42x+4 3x+3
4 4x+8
=4 3x+3
 4x+8 = 3x+3 x = -5 Ans:
23. If x = 4, then  2  2 ? (Exim Bank. T.Off. -2015)
2 x

a. -14 b. -8 c. -2 d. 0 Ans:a
Solution:  2  2  or  2  2 or, - 2 + 2 or, -2 + 2 or, - 16 + 2 = - 14
2 x 2 4
2.2 4

2. If x = 2 then the value of x3 + 27x2 + 243x + 631 is [Rupali & Janata Bank (Off:)- 2019]
(A) 1211 (B) 1231 (C) 1321 (D) 1233 Ans: D
Solution:
x3+27x2+243x+631 = (2)3 + 27  4 + 243  2 + 631 = 8+108+486+631 = 1233
24. If 2n = 128, then (2n-1) (5n-2) = ? (Al-Arafah IB MTO 2011)
a. 2(105) b. 5(105) c. 2(106) d. 2(56) Ans: a
n x 7
Solution: 2 = 128 or 2 = 2 or, x = 7
So, (2n-1) (5n-2)  27-1 57-2  26 55  2.1 25 5.5  2(25)5  2(105)

25. If 82x + 3 = 23x + 6 then x = ? [Al – Arafah Bank 06 Commercial Bank 06]
a. -1 b. 1 c. 1/2 d. 2 Ans: a
Solution: 82x + 3 = 23x + 6  82x + 3 = 23(x+2)  82x + 3 = 8x + 2  2x + 3 = x + 2  x = - 1
n 1 n 3
p q
26. If   =   , Then, the value of n is- [PKB-(EO)-2019]
q p
1 7
(A) 2 (B) (C) (D)1 Ans: A
2 2
Solution:
n 1 n 3 n 1 -(n  3)
p q p p
  =      =    n - 1= -(n - 3) n - 1= -n + 3 2n = 4 n = 2
q p q q
4

 32  5
27. The value of   is
 243 
4 9 16 81
(a) (b) (c) (d) Ans: d
9 4 81 16
Solution:

4 
4
5
 4 
 32  5  25  5
2 5
  =  5  = 
 243  3  3
4  4
2 3 34 81
=     4 
3 2 2 16

28. If 3 x = 2 3 , what is the value of x? [BKB (SO)-2017]

a. 3 b. 1.33 c. 2 d. 3 2 Ans:b
2
2 3 2 3 4
Solution: 3 x = 2 3 or x = or x =    x=  x= 1.33
3  3  3
 
 Advanced Math -04 5 Exponent & Logarithm
-1.5
29. (0.04) = ? [Janata Bank (EO)-2017 (Morning)]
a. 25 b. 250 c. 125 d. 625 Ans: c
3 3
 2  10  1000
Solution: (0.04)-1.5 = (.2)2(-1.5) = (.2)-3 =       125 Ans:
 10   2 8
0.0015 10m
30. If = 5  107, then m – k = ? [BKB - (SO)-2017]
0.03 10 k

a. 9 b. 8 c. 7 d.6 Ans:a
Solution:
0.0015 10m 10 m 0.03 10 m 3  100
= 5  10 7
or = 5  107 or = 5  107
0.03 10 k
10 k
0.0015 10 k
15
10 = 10 m-k = 9 Ans:
m-k 9

31. For what value of x is 82x-4 =16x ? [PKB – (EO Cash) - 2018] + [Combined-4Banks (Off:)-2019]
a. 2 b. 3 c. 4 d. 6 Ans: d
Solution: 82x-4 =16x 23(2x-4) =24x 6x-12 = 4x (wfwË 2 ev`) 2x = 12 x = 6
32. If 32a+b = 16a+2b , then a = ? [Exim Bank 2004]
a. b b. b+2 c. 2b d. 3b Ans: d
Solution: 32a+b = 16a+2b  25a+ 5b = 24a + 8b  5a + 5b = 4a + 8b  a = 3b
33. If a and b are positive real numbers, then (a- 3b0)5 = ? (hw` a Ges b abvZ¥K ev¯Íe msL¨v nq Z‡e,
(a- 3b0)5= ? [BKB - (SO)-2017]
a. 0 b. 1 c. -32 d.-1 Ans: c
Solution: (a - 3b0)5 = (1-3.1)5 = (-2)5 = -32
34. If 4a + 4a+1 = 4a+2- 176, what is the value of a ? [Southeast Bank (PO)-2017]
a. 2 b. 4 c. 6 d. 8 Ans: a
Solution:
4a+ 4a+1= 4a+2- 176
Or, 4a+ 4a+1-4a+2 = - 176
Or, 4a+ 4a. 41 - 4a.42 = - 176
Or, 4a (1+ 4 – 16) = - 176 (me¸‡jv †_‡K 4a Kgb †bqv n‡q‡Q )
 176
Or, 4a (– 11) = - 176 Or, 4a = Or, 4a = 16 Or, 4a = 42 Or, a = 2
 11
35. pIf 3x – 3x-1 = 18, the value of xx is: (BANK Asia Pro. Off. -2014)
a. 3 b. 27 c. 8 d. 216 Ans: b
3x  1
Solution: 3x – 3x-1 = 18 or 3x -  18 or 3x 1    18
3  3
 3 1 x 2 3
or, 3x    18 or 3   18 or, 3x = 18 
 3  3 2
or 3x = 27 or 3x = 33 x=3 So, xx  33  27
1

36.
4
x  x 4 Gi mwVK gvb †KvbwU? [Sonali Bank S.off - 2014]

1
a. x b. x c. d. 1 Ans: a
x4
1 1 1 1 1 1

Solution:
4
x x4 = x4 x4 = x4 4 = x2 = x
 Advanced Math -04 6 Exponent & Logarithm

 
1
37. If x and y are non-negative, simplify 81.x 17 y 18 4 [BKB - (SO)-2017]
17 9 17 7 15 9 17 9
a. 81x 4 y 2 b. 9x 4 y 2 c. 3x 4 y 2 d. 3x 4 y 2 Ans: d
1 1 1 17 9
Solution: 81.x 17 y 18 4 = 3 4 .x 17 y 18 4
1 1 4 17  18
= 3 .x 4
4 y 4 = 3x 4 y2
38. o

39. If 2x - 1 + 2x + 1 = 1280 , then find the value of x.

Solution: 2x - 1 + 2x + 1 = 1280 
2x 1  2
 +2x2 = 1280 2x(   2  = 1280 2x = 1280 2x =512 2x =29 x = 9
2 2  5
n-1 n+1
40. If 2 +2 = 320, then n is equal to
(a) 6 (b) 8 (c) 5 (d) 7 Ans: d
2
[Hints: ûeû Av‡Mi AsKwUi gZ †k‡l: 2n= 320 =128 = 27 n=7 ]
5
41. If 2n + 4 - 2n + 2 = 3, then n is equal to
(a) 0 (b) 2 (c) -1 (d) -2 Ans: d
3
Solution: 2n + 4 - 2n + 2 = 3 2n24 - 2n22 = 3 2n(16-4) = 3 2n = 2n = 2-2 n=-2
12
Shortcut: (Kgb wb‡q `ªæZ Kiv hvq:)
2n+4 - 2n+2 = 3  2n+2(22-1) =3  2n+2 = 1  2n+2 = 2o n+ 2 = 0  n = - 2

42. If 3x - 3x-1 = 18, then the value of xx is

(a) 3 (b) 8 (c) 27 (d) 216 Ans: c
Solution:
3x  1 3
3x - 3x-1 = 18 3x- = 18  3x 1   = 18 3x = 18 3x = 27  3x = 33 x = 3
3  3 2
2 n  2n 1
43. Which one is true for the mathematical expression ? (Bank Asia Ltd. R.P.Off-2015)
2n 1  2n
3 2
a. b. c.1 d. 230 Ans: a
2 3
 1
2n
n 1
2 n 1   2  1
2n 
2 2 n
 n
2 2 3 3
Solution: n 1  n  2  1  ;
2 2 n
2 2 2
1 n
2 2  1 1 2 2

44. What is the following is equal to 3.14 106? [Janata Bank (EO)-2017 (afternoon)]
a. 314 b. 3140 c. 3140000 d. None Ans: c
314
Solution: 3.14106 =  1000000 = 31410000 =3140000
100
45. (256)0.16 (16)0.18 [Pubali Bank Ltd (SO)-2017]
a. 4 b. 8 c. 12 d. 16 Ans: a
Solution: (256)0.16 (16)0.18 
1
={(16)2}0.16  (16) 0.18  (16)0.32(16) 0.18  (16)0.32+ 0.18  (16) 0.5  (16) 2  16 = 4
 Advanced Math -04 7 Exponent & Logarithm
43 33 43 33
46. If n = (33) + (43) what is the units digit of n? ( (33) + (43) Gi †hvMd‡ji GKK ¯’vbxq A¼wU
KZ n‡e?) [BKB - (SO)-2017]
a. 0 b. 2 c. 4 d.6 Ans: a
Solution:
G ai‡Yi cÖ‡kœi DËi cÖ`v‡bi Rb¨ msL¨vi m~P‡Ki e„ËvKvi cyYive„wË Rvbv `iKvi|
†hgb: 2 msL¨vwUi Dci cvIqvi w`‡Z _vK‡j, 21 = 2, 22 = 4, 23 = 8, 24 = 16, 25 = 32, (GLv‡b Avevi ïiæi 2
P‡j G‡m‡Q Zvn‡j Gici Av‡Mi gZB n‡e)
25 = 32,26 = 64, 27 = 128, 28 = 256, 29 = 512 (Avevi 2 P‡j G‡m‡Q| )
Zvn‡j †`Lv hv‡”Q 2 Gi Dc‡i †`qv cvIqvi ¸‡jv 1,2,3,4 Gi ci Avevi c~Yivq Avm‡Q, myZivs `yB Gi c~Yive„wË
cvIqv‡ii gvb n‡jv 4| A_©vr 4 wU K‡i cvIqvi ¸Y Kivi ci 5g ev‡i Avevi ïiæ 2 P‡j Avm‡e|
‡Zgwb fv‡e , ( 31 = 3, 32 = 9, 33 = 27, 34 = 81,) 35 = 243 A_©vr 3 Gi cvIqvi Cycle 4| 4 Ni ci ci GKB
msL¨v Av‡m| Zvn‡j

(33)43 = (33)40 ×(33)3=7,GLv‡b 4 K‡i 40 wgwj‡q ivLvi ci cvIqvi 3 n‡j ‡k‡li wWwRU wU Aek¨B 7 n‡e|
Avevi, (43)33= (43)32×(43)1 = , GLv‡b 4 K‡i 32 wgwj‡q ivLvi ci cvIqvi 1 n‡j ‡k‡li wWwRU wU Aek¨B 3
Avm‡e|
Zvn‡j (33)43 + (43)33 = Gi †kl wWwRU؇qi †hvMdj = 7+3 = 10 = 0 A_v©r †gv‡Ui Dci †h †hvMdj
Avm‡ Zvi †k‡li wWwRU wU 0 n‡e| Ans: 0
47. What is the remainder when 324 is divided by 5? [Bank Asia (MTO) -2017]
a. 0 b. 1 c. 2 d. 3 Ans:b
Solution:
3 24 = (34)6 = (81)6 GLb 81 †K Generalize Ki‡jI me© Wv‡b me©`v 1 _vK‡e| ZvB msL¨v¸‡jv‡K 5 Øviv fvM Ki‡j
fvM‡kl me©`v 1 _vK‡e hv Avcwb 81 ‡K 5 w`‡q fvM Ki‡jI cv‡eb|  fvM‡kl = 1 Ans:
==================================
 Advanced Math -04 8 Exponent & Logarithm

[Logarithm]
Important Formula:
n n
1) loga(MN) = logaM + logaN 4) logaM = nlogaM 7) logaM = nlogaM
2) loga M = logaM - logaN 5) loga1 = 0 8) loga - logb = log a
N b
6) logaa = 1 y x
3) loga + logb + logc = log (abc) 9) loga = x n‡j a = y

1. Log 36 / Log 6 --- ? [Agrani Bank – (Cash)-2017] & [BB-(officer)-2018]

a. 5 b. 8 c. 3 d. 2 Ans: d
Solution:
log36 log62 2log6
   2 [mivmwi KvU‡j 6 Avm‡e †hUv fzj„ | KviY Av‡M myÎ ‡d‡j Zvici KvU‡Z n‡e|]
log6 log6 log6
log 8
2. is equal to:
log 8
1 1 1 1
a. b. c. d. Ans: c
8 4 2 8
1 1
log 8 log 82 2
log 8
1
Solution:   
log 8 log 8 log 8 2
3. The value of log 2
32 is:
5 1
a. b. 5 c. 10 d. Ans: c
2 10

 2  = 32  2
n
n n
Solution: log 2
32 = n. Then, 2 = 25  = 5  n = 10
2
4. The value of log10 (0.0001) is:
1 1
a. b.  c. – 4 d. 4 Ans: c
4 4
Solution:
Let, log10 (.0001) = n
1 1
Then, 10n = .0001  10n =  4  10n = 10-4  n = - 4 log10 (.0001) = - 4
10000 10
5. If log3 x = - 2, then x is equal to:
a. -9 b. -6 c. -8 d. 1/9 Ans: d
1 1
Solution: log3 x = - 2  x = 3-2 = 2 
3 9
1
6. logx 9 = -2 then x =?[BDBL – (SO ) -2017]
1 1
a. b. c. -3 d. 3 Ans: d
3 3
 Advanced Math -04 9 Exponent & Logarithm
1
1 1
Solution: logx 9 = -2 ev, x-2 = ev, x-2 =
2
ev, x-2 = 3-2  x = 3
9 3
1
7. log x 4 = -2, the x =? [Rupali Bank Off- (Cash)-2018]
1 1
a.  b. c. 2 d. 17 Ans:c
2 2
1
1
Solution: log x 4 = -2 or, x-2 = or, x-2 = 2-2 x = 2
4
8. log 3 81  ? [BKB – (CASH ) -2017]
a. 9 b. 7 c. 6 d. 8 Ans:d
Solution:
log 3
81 = log 3
3 4 = log 3
 38
= 8 log 3
 3  = 8, [ Since: log 3
 3   1 ] Ans: 8
9. If logx 4 = 0.4, then the value of x is:
a. 1 b. 4 c. 16 d. 32 Ans:d
Solution:
2 5  5

 
5  2 
4 2
logx4 = 0.4  logx 4 =   x 5  4  x = 4 2 = 2 2 2  x = 2 2  = 25 x = 32
10 5
10. If logx y = 100 and log2 x = 10, then the value of y is:
a. 210 b. 2100 c. 21000 d. 210000 Ans: c
Solution: log2 x = 10  x = 2  logx y = 100  y = x = (2 )
10 100 10 100
y=2 1000

 9  1
11. If logx     , then x is equal to:
 16  2
3 3 81 256
a.  b. c. d. Ans:d
4 4 256 81
Solution:
1 2
 9 1  9 1 9 16  16  256
logx      x 2     x x   x=
 16  2 16 x 16 9  9 81

12. If log10 125 + log108 = x, then x is equal to:

a. 1/4 b. 064 c. – 3 d. 3 Ans:d
Solution:
log10 125 + log10 8 = x  log10 (125  8) = x  x = log10 (1000) = log10 (10)3 = 3 log10 10 = 3