Scribd
Upload
8 views5 pages

Notes

The document contains key notes on various mathematical concepts including constructions of triangles, linear equations in two variables, number systems, and areas of parallelograms and triangles. It outlines essential definitions, properties, and formulas related to these topics. The notes serve as a study guide for students preparing for examinations.

Uploaded by

amitkumarthakur969
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
8 views5 pages

Notes

The document contains key notes on various mathematical concepts including constructions of triangles, linear equations in two variables, number systems, and areas of parallelograms and triangles. It outlines essential definitions, properties, and formulas related to these topics. The notes serve as a study guide for students preparing for examinations.

Uploaded by

amitkumarthakur969
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 5

www.ncrtsolutions.

in
Key Notes
Chapter 11
Constructions

• Basic Constructions
• Some Constructions of Triangles

(1) Use only ruler and compass while drawing constructions.


(2) Protractor may be used for drawing non-standard angles.
(3) Constructions of a triangle given its base, a base angle and the difference of the other two
sides.
(4) Constructions of a triangle given its perimeter and its two base angles.
(5) A triangle can be constructed if its perimeter and two base angles are given.
(6) Geometrical construction is the process of drawing a geometrical figure using only two
instruments-an ungraduated ruler and a pair of compasses.
(7) Some specific angles like 15°,30°, 45°, 60°, 75°, 90° , etc. can be constructed without using
protractor.
(8) A triangle can be constructed if its base, base angle and the sum of the two sides or the
difference of the other two sides are given.

Portal for CBSE Notes, Test Papers, Sample Papers, Tips and Tricks

Material Downloaded From http://www.ncrtsolutions.in


Key Notes
Chapter – 4
Linear Equations in Two Variables

1. Linear Equations
2. Solution of a Linear Equation
3. Graph of a Linear Equation in Two Variables
4. Equations of Lines Parallel to x-axis and y-axis

• An equation of the form ax + by + c = 0 where a, b and c are real numbers such that a and b
are not both zero is called a linear equation in two variables.
• A pair of values of x and y which satisfy the equation ax + by + c = 0 is called a solution of the
equation.
• Graph: The graph of every linear equation in two variables is a straight line. Every point on
the graph of a linear equation in two variables is two variables is a solution of the linear
equation. Conversely, every solution of the linear equation is a point on the graph of the
linear equation.
• A linear equation in two variables has infinitely many solutions.
• The graph of every linear equation in two variables is a straight line.
• y = 0 is the equation of x-axis and x = 0 is equation of y-axis.
• The graph of x = a is a straight line parallel to the y-axis.
• The graph of y = a is a straight line parallel to the x-axis.
• An equation of the type y = mx represent a line passing through the origin.

Portal for CBSE Notes, Test Papers, Sample Papers, Tips and Tricks
WWW.NCRTSOLUTIONS.IN
Key Notes
CHAPTER – 1
NUMBER SYSTEMS
1. Rational Numbers
2. Irrational Numbers
3. Real Numbers and their Decimal Expansions
4. Operations on Real Numbers
5. Laws of Exponents for Real Numbers

• Natural numbers are - 1, 2, 3, ……………. denoted by N.


• Whole numbers are - 0, 1, 2, 3, ……………… denoted by W.
• Integers - ……. -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, ……………… denoted by Z.
• Rational numbers - All the numbers which can be written in the form r / s p / q, are called
rational numbers where p and q are integers.
• Irrational numbers - A number s is called irrational, if it cannot be written in the form p / q
where p and q are integers and
• The decimal expansion of a rational number is either terminating or non-terminating
recurring. Thus we say that a number whose decimal expansion is either terminating or non-
terminating recurring is a rational number.
• The decimal expansion of a irrational number is non terminating non-recurring.
• All the rational numbers and irrational numbers taken together.
• Make a collection of real number.
• A real no is either rational or irrational.
• If r is rational and s is irrational then r+s, r–s, r.s are always irrational numbers but r/s may
be rational or irrational.
• Every irrational number can be represented on a number line using Pythagoras theorem.
• Rationalization means to remove square root from the denominator.
3+ 5 1
to remove we will multiply both numerator & denominator by 2 its
2 a± b
rationalization factor a ∓ b
www.ncrtsolutions.in
Key Notes
Chapter 9
Areas of Parallelograms and Triangles

1. Figures on the same Base and Between the same Parallels


2. Parallelograms on the same Base and between the same Parallels
3. Triangles on the same Base and between the same Parallels

• Area of a figure is a number (in square unit) associated with the part of the plane enclosed by
that figure.
• Two congruent figures have equal areas but the converse is not true.
• Area of a parallelogram = ( base X height )
1
• Area of a triangle = × base × height
2
1
• Area of a trapezium = × (sum of parallel sides) × dis tan ce between them
2
1
• Area of rhombus = × product of diagonals
2
• Parallelogram on the same base and between the same parallels are equal in area.
• A parallelogram and a rectangle on the same base and between the same parallels are equal
in area.
• Triangles on the same base and between the same parallels are equal in area.
• If a triangle and parallelogram are on the same base and between the same parallels, then.
1
( Area of triangle ) = (area of the paralle log ram
2
• A diagonal of parallelogram divides it into two triangles of equal areas.
In parallelogram ABCD, we have Area of ∆ABD = area of ∆ACD

• The diagonals of a parallelogram divide it into four triangles of equal areas therefore
ar( ∆AOB)=ar( ∆COD)=ar( ∆AOD)=ar( ∆BOC)

Portal for CBSE Notes, Test Papers, Sample Papers, Tips and Tricks

Material Downloaded From http://www.ncrtsolutions.in


www.ncrtsolutions.in
Key Notes

• If a parallelogram and a triangle are on the same base and between the same parallel, then
area of the triangle is equal to one half area of the parallelogram.
• A median AD of a ∆ABC divides it into two triangles of equal areas. Therefore
ar( ∆ABD)=ar( ∆CD )
1
• If the medians of a intersect at G, then ar( ∆AGB)=ar( ∆AGC )=ar( ∆BGC )= ar ( ∆ABC )
3

• Triangles with equal bases and equal areas have equal corresponding altitude.

Portal for CBSE Notes, Test Papers, Sample Papers, Tips and Tricks

Material Downloaded From http://www.ncrtsolutions.in

You might also like

pFad - Phonifier reborn

Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.

Note: This service is not intended for secure transactions such as banking, social media, email, or purchasing. Use at your own risk. We assume no liability whatsoever for broken pages.


Alternative Proxies:

Alternative Proxy

pFad Proxy

pFad v3 Proxy

pFad v4 Proxy