CHAPTER Solutions Key

7 Similarity
ARE YOU READY? PAGE 451 4. 16s = 20t
_t = _16
1. E 2. F s 20
_t = _4 = 4:5
3. B 4. D s 5
5. A 5. 1 Understand the Problem
6. _
16 = _
4(4) _
7. _
14 = _
7(2) _
=4 =2 Answer will be height of new tower.
20 4(5) 5 21 7(3) 3 2 Make a Plan
Let y be height of new tower. Write a proportion
8. _33 = _ =_ 9. _
56 = _ =_
11(3) 3 8(7) 7
that compares the ratios of model height to actual
121 11(11) 11 80 8(10) 10
height.
10. 18 to 24 11. 34 to 18
6(3) to 6(4) 2(17) to 2(9)
__
height of 1st tower
= __
height of new tower
height of 1st model height of new model
3 to 4 17 to 9
_
1328 = _ y
12. Total # of CDs is: 13. 112 to 24 8 9.2
36 + 18 + 34 + 24 = 112 8(14) to 8(3) 3 Solve
36 to 112 14 to 3 _1328 = _ y
4(9) to 4(28) 8 9.2
1328(9.2) = 8(y)
9 to 28
12,217.6 = 8y
14. yes; pentagon 15. yes; hexagon y = 1527.2 m
16. no 17. yes; octagon 4 Look Back
Check answer in original problem. Ratio of actual
18. P = 2 + 2w 19. P = 6s
height to model height is 1328 : 8, or 166 : 1. Ratio
= 2(8.3) + 2(4.2) = 6(30) = 180 cm
of actual height to model height for new tower is
= 25 ft
1527.2 : 9.2 In simplest form, this ratio is also 166 : 1.
So ratios are equal, and answer is correct.
20. P = 4s 21. P = 5s
= 4(11.4) = 45.6 m = 5(3.9) = 19.5 in.
THINK AND DISCUSS
1. No; ratio 6 : 7 is < 1, but ratio 7 : 6 is > 1.
7-1 RATIO AND PROPORTION,
PAGES 454–459 2. She can see if cross products are =. Since
3(28) = 7(12), ratios do form a proportion.
CHECK IT OUT! Therefore ratios are = and fractions are equivalent.

1. slope = _
rise = _
y2 - y1 3. $EFINITION 0ROPERTIES
run x2 - x1 ! PROPORTION IS AN EQN )F ??a  ??c THEN ad  bc
=_
b d
5-3 STATING THAT  RATIOS ARE 
__b  __d AND __a  _b_
6 - (-2) a c c d

=_2 =_ 1 0ROPORTION
8 4 %XAMPLE .ONEXAMPLE
0OSSIBLE ANSWER ??


??


0OSSIBLE ANSWER
2. Let ∠ measures be x, 6x, and 13x. Then IS A PROPORTION ??  ??

IS NOT A PROPORTION
 
x + 6x + 13x = 180. After like terms are combined,
20x = 180. So x = 9. The ∠ measures are x = 9°,
6x = 6(9) = 54°, and 13x = 13(9) = 117°. EXERCISES
3a. _3 = _
x b. _
2y _
= 8
GUIDED PRACTICE
8 56 9 4y 1. means: 3 and 2; extremes: 1 and 6
3(56) = x(8) 2y(4y) = 9(8)
168 = 8x 2. sv; tu
8y 2 = 72
x = 21
3. slope = _
rise = _ 4. slope = _
rise = _
y2 = 9 y2 - y1 y2 - y1
y = ±3 run x2 - x1 run x2 - x1
_d = _6 _ =_ 4-3 =_ 1
=_
2 - (-2)
=_
x+3 9 1 - (-1) 2
c. d. 2 - (-2)
3 2 4 x+3
d(2) = 3(6) (x + 3)(x + 3) = 4(9)
2
=_4 =_ 1
2d = 18 x + 6x + 9 = 36 4 1
d =9 x 2 + 6x - 27 = 0
(x - 3)(x + 9) = 0
x = 3 or -9

151 Holt McDougal Geometry

 5. slope = _
rise = _
y2 - y1 PRACTICE AND PROBLEM SOLVING
run x2 - x1
17. slope = _
4-1 =_ 18. slope = _ = -_
3 -4 + 1 1
=_ -1 - 1
1-0 1 3-0 1
2 - (-1)
=_-2 = -_ 19. slope = _ = _
2 0+3 3
3 3 3-1 2
6. Let side lengths be 2x, 4x, 5x, and 7x. Then 20. Let side lengths be 4x and 4x, and let base length
2x + 4x + 5x + 7x = 36. After like terms are be 7x.
combined, 18x = 36. So x = 2. The shortest side 4x + 4x + 7x = 52.5
measures 2x = 2(2) = 4 m. 15x = 52.5
x = 3.5
7. Let ∠ measures be 5x, 12x, and 19x. Then
length of base = 7(3.5) = 24.5 cm
5x + 12x + 19x = 180. After like terms are
combined, 36x = 180. So x = 5. The largest ∠ 21. Let ∠ measures be 2x, 3x, 2x, and 3x. By Quad. ∠
measures 19x = 19(5) = 95°. Sum Thm., sum of ∠ measures is 360°.
_x = _
40 _7 = _
21 2x + 3x + 2x + 3x = 360
8. 9. 10x = 360
2 16 y 27
x(16) = 2(40) 7(27) = y(21) x = 36
16x = 80 189 = 21y ∠ measures are 2(36) = 72°, 3(36) = 108°, 72°,
x=5 y =9 and 108°.

10. _
6 =_
t 11. _
y
=_
27 22. _6=_ 9 23. _
x =_
50
58 29 3 y 8 y 14 35
6(29) = 58(t) y(y) = 3(27) 6y = 8(9) = 72 35x = 14(50) = 700
2 y = 12 x = 20
174 = 58t y = 81
24. _z =_
t=3 y = ±9 3
_
16 = _
x-1 _
x =_
2
x 12 8
12. 13. 8z = 12(3) = 36
x-1 4 18 6
2 z = 4.5
16(4) = (x - 1)(x - 1) x (6) = 18(x)
2
64 = x - 2x + 1 6x 2 - 18x = 0 25. _
2m + 2
=_ 12
0 = x 2 - 2x - 63 6x(x - 3) = 0 3 2m + 2
2
0 = (x - 9)(x + 7) x = 0 or 3 (2m + 2) = 3(12)
2
x = 9 or -7 4m + 8m + 4 = 36
4m 2 + 8m - 32 = 0
14. 2a = 8b 15. 6x = 27y
_a = _8 m 2 + 2m - 8 = 0
_6 =_ y
(m - 2)(m + 4) = 0
b 2 27 x
_a = _4 = 4:1 _y = _2 = 2:9 m = 2 or -4
b 1 x
26. _ = _ _
9 5y 125 x+2 _
27. = 5
16. 1 Understand the Problem 16 y 12 x-2
2
Answer will be height of Arkansas State Capitol. 5y = 16(125) (x + 2)(x - 2) = 12(5)
2
2 Make a Plan 5y 2 = 2000 x - 4 = 60
Let x be height of Arkansas State Capitol. Write
2
y = 400 x 2 = 64
a proportion that compares the ratios of height to y = ±20 x = ±8
width. 28. 5y = 25x 29. 35b = 21c
__
height of U.S. Capitol ___ height of Arkansas Capitol _5 =_ x _b = _21 = _ 3
= y c 35 5
width of U.S. Capitol width of Arkansas Capitol 25
_288 = _ x
_x = _1 Ratio is 3 : 5.
y 5
752 564
3 Solve 30. Let x represent height of actual windmill.
_
288 = _ x __
height of windmill __
=
height of model
752 564 width of windmill width of model
288(564) = 752(x) _x =_ 1.2
162,432 = 752x 20 0.8
x = 216 ft 0.8x = 20(1.2) = 24
4 Look Back x = 30 m
Check answer in original problem. Ratio of height to
31. _
a =_ 5 32. _ a=_ 5
width for U.S. Capitol is 288 : 752, or 18 : 47. Ratio b 7 b 7
of height to width for Arkansas State Capitol is 7a = 5b 7a = 5b
216 : 564 In simplest form, this ratio is also 18 : 47. 7=_ 5b
So ratios are equal, and answer is correct. a
_7 = _b
5 a

152 Holt McDougal Geometry

33. _ a =_ 5 34. Cowboys lost CHALLENGE AND EXTEND
b 7
7a = 5b 16 - 10 = 6 games. 48. Perimeters are 2(3) + 2(5) = 16
_7a = b wins : losses = 10 : 6 and 2x + 2(4) = 2x + 8.
5 =_ 10 :_6 _4 = _ 16
_a = _b 2 2 7 2x + 8
= 5 :3 4(2x + 8) = 7(16)
5 7
8x + 32 = 112
35. slope = _ 36. slope = _
5+4 1+5
8x = 80
21 + 6 6 - 16
=_ 6 = -_ x = 10
=_ 9 =_1 3
27 3 -10 5 49. Given = _
_
a c , add 1 to both sides of eqn:
b d
37. slope = _
5.5 + 2
38. slope = _0 - 1 = -_
1 _a + _b = _c + _d
4 - 6.5 -2 + 6 4 b b d d
=_ 7.5 = -3 Adding fractions on both sides of eqn. gives
-2.5 _a+b _
=
c+d
.
39a. _1.25 in. = _ x in. b d
b. 1.25(9600) = 15x
50. Possible proportions are _ 1 =_ 3, _1 =_ 2, _
2 =_
15 in. 9600 in. 12,000 = 15x 6,
x = 800 in. 2 6 3 6 1 3
= 66 ft 8 in. _2 = _1 , _3 = _6 , _3 = _1 , _6 = _3 , and _6 = _2 .
6 3 1 2 6 2 2 1 3 1
40. Quad. is a rect. because opp. sides are  and There are 8 possible proportions. Total number of
diags. are . outcomes = 4! = 24.
41. Areas are 6 2 = 36 cm 2 and 9 2 = 81 cm 2. Probability = _ 8 =_ 1
24 3
_
36 = _4
2
81 9
51. __
x + 9x + 18 __
=
(x + 6)(x + 3)

42. _5 =_ 20 x 2 - 36 (x + 6)(x - 6)
= _, where x ≠ ±6
3.5 w x+3
5w = 3.5(20) = 70 x-6
w = 14 in. SPIRAL REVIEW
43. A ratio is a comparison of 2 numbers by div. 52. y - 6(0) = -3 53. (3) - 6x = -3
A proportion is an eqn. stating that 2 ratios are =. y = -3 -6x = -6
TEST PREP x =1
44. B 45. H 54. y - 6(-4) = -3 55. Think: Use Same-Side
x + 4x + 5x = 18 _3 = _x y + 24 = -3 Ext.  Thm. to find y,
10x = 18 5 y y = -27 then use Vert.  Thm.
x = 1.8 in. 3y = 5x 3y + 2y + 20 = 180
4x = 4(1.8) = 7.2 in., y=_ 5x 5y = 160
5x = 5(1.8) = 9 in. 3 y = 32
_y = _x m∠ABD = 3y
5 3
= 3(32) = 96°
46. A
_5 = _
1.25 56. Think: Use Vert.  Thm. 57. 9 2  5 2 + 8 2
2 v m∠CDB = 2y + 20 81  25 + 64
5v = 2(1.25) = 2.5 = 2(32) + 20 81 < 89
v =_ 1 = 84°  is acute.
2
58. 20 2  8 2 + 15 2 59. 25 2  7 2 + 24 2
47. First, cross multiply: 400  64 + 225 625  49 + 576
36x = 15(72) = 1080 400 > 289 625 = 625
Then divide both sides by 36:  is obtuse.  is a right triangle.
_
36x = _ 1080
36 36
Finally, simplify:
x = 30
You must assum that x ≠ 0.

153 Holt McDougal Geometry

7-2 RATIOS IN SIMILAR POLYGONS, 4. Step 1 Identify pairs of  . Think: All  of a rect.
PAGES 462–467 are rt.  and are .
∠A  ∠E, ∠B  ∠F, ∠C  ∠G, and ∠D  ∠H.
CHECK IT OUT! Step 2 Compare corr. sides.
1. ∠C  ∠H. By Rt. ∠  Thm., ∠B  ∠G. _
AB = _ 135 = _3, _
AD = _ 45 = _ 3
EF 90 2 EH 30 2
By 3rd  Thm., ∠A  ∠J. Yes; since opp. sides of a rect. are , corr. sides
_
AB = _10 = 2, _
BC = _6 = 2, _
AC = _
are proportional. Similarity ratio is _
11.6 = 2 3 , and
JG 5 GH 3 JH 5.8 2
ABCD ∼ EFGH.
2. Step 1 Identify pairs of  .
∠L  ∠P (Given) 5. Step 1 Identify pairs of  .
∠M  ∠N (Rt. ∠  Thm.) ∠M  ∠W, ∠P  ∠U (Given)
∠J  ∠S (3rd  Thm.) ∠R  ∠X (3rd  Thm.)
Step 2 Compare corr. sides. Step 2 Compare corr. sides.
_
JL = _ 75 = _ 5, _LM = _ 60 = _ 5, _
JM = _
45 = _
5 _RM = _ 8 =_ 2, _MP = _ 10 = _2, _
RP = _ 4 =_ 2
SP 30 2 PN 24 2 SN 18 2 XW 12 3 WU 15 3 XU 6 3
yes; similarity ratio is _
5 , and LMJ ∼ PNS. yes; similarity ratio is _
2 , and RMP ∼ XWU.
2 3
6. Let x be height of reproduction in feet. Reproduction
3. Let x be length of the model boxcar in inches. Rect.
is ∼ to original, so corr. lengths are proportional.
model of boxcar is ∼ to rect. boxcar, so corr. lengths
are proportional. __
height of reproduction __
=
width of reproduction
height of original width of original
__
length of boxcar __
= width of boxcar _x =_ 24
length of model width of model 73 58
_
36.25 = _ 9 58x = 73(24) = 1752
x
x =_
1.25 1752 ≈ 30 ft
36.25(1.25) = 9x 58
45.3125 = 9x
x=_ 45.3125 ≈ 5 in. PRACTICE AND PROBLEM SOLVING
9 7. ∠K  ∠T, ∠L  ∠U (Given)
∠J  ∠S, ∠M  ∠V (Rt. ∠  Thm.)
THINK AND DISCUSS _
JK = _
20 = _5, _
KL = _14 = _5, _
LM = _
30 = _
5,
1.  symbol is formed. ST 24 6 TU 16.8 6 UV 36 6
_
JM = _10 = _
5
2. Sides of rect. EFGH are 9 times as long as corr. SV 12 6
sides of rect. ABCD.
8. ∠A  ∠X, ∠C  ∠Z (Given)
3. Possible answers: reg. polygons of same type;  ∠B  ∠Y (3rd  Thm.)
4. 3IMILARITY STATEMENT ̱ABC ȸ
̱DEF
_
AB = _
8 = 2, _
BC = _
6 = 2, _
CA = _
12 = 2
$EFINITION
4WO POLYGONS ARE ȸ IF AND ONLY IF CORR ѓ ARE
XY 4 YZ 3 ZX 6
Ɂ
AND
THEIR CORR SIDES ARE PROPORTIONAL
9. Step 1 Identify pairs of  .
3IMILAR 0OLYGONS
m∠R = 90 - 53 = 37°
%XAMPLE .ONEXAMPLE ∠R  ∠U (Def. of  )
0OSSIBLE ANSWER 0OSSIBLE ANSWER
∠S  ∠Z (Rt. ∠  Thm.)
∠Q  ∠X (3rd  Thm.)
Step 2 Compare corr. sides.
EXERCISES _
QR _
= 35 = _ 7, _
QS _
= 21 = _
7, _
RS = _
28 = _
7
GUIDED PRACTICE XU 40 8 XZ 24 8 UZ 32 8
1. Possible answer: students’ desks yes; similarity ratio = _
7 ; RSQ ∼ UZX
8
2. ∠M  ∠U and ∠N  ∠V. By 3rd  Thm., ∠P  ∠W.
10. Step 1 Identify pairs of  .
_
MN = _4 =_
1, _
MP = _3 =_ 1, _
NP = _2 =_ 1
∠A  ∠M, ∠B  ∠J, ∠C  ∠K, ∠D  ∠L
UV 8 2 UW 6 2 VW 4 2
(Rt. ∠  Thm.)
3. ∠A  ∠H and ∠C  ∠K. By def. of  , and taking Step 2 Compare corr. sides.
vertices clockwise in both figures, ∠B  ∠J and _
AB = _ 18 = _3, _
AD = _ AD = _ 36 = _
2
∠D  ∠L. MJ 24 4 ML JK 54 3
_
AB = _ 8 =_ 2, _
BC = _ 4 =_ 2, _
CD = _4 =_2, no; the rectangles are not similar
HJ 12 3 JK 6 3 KL 6 3
_
DA = _ 8 =_ 2 11. __
model length _
= 1
LH 12 3 car length 56
_3 = _1
 56
3(56) = 
 = 168 in. = 14 ft

154 Holt McDougal Geometry

12. Let x, y be side lengths of squares ABCD and
b. __
height of tree on flat _
=1
PQRS. Areas are x 2 and y 2, so height of actual tree 2
_x =_
2
4 =_ 1 _9 = _1
36 9 H 2
y2
9(2) = H
_x = _ 1 =_
 1
y √ 9 3 H = 18 ft
∼ ratio of ABCD to PQRS = _ x =_1
c. ∼ ratio = ___
y height of tree on backdrop
3
∼ ratio of PQRS to ABCD = = 3 _
y _ height of actual tree
x 1 = _
0.9 =_ 1
13. sometimes (iff acute  are ) 18 20
14. always (all (rt.)  are , all side-length ratios are =) TEST PREP

15. never (in trap., 1 pair sides are ∦, so opp. pairs of  27. C 28. F
cannot be ; but in , they are ) _
y
=_
8.4 _5 = _
GL
14.4 4.8 2 PS
16. always (by CPCTC, all corr.  are , and since 4.8y = 14.4(8.4) _5 = _
20
corr. sides , ∼ ratio = 1) = 120.96 2 PS
y = 25.2 5PS = 20(2) = 40
17. sometimes (similar polygons are  iff ∼ ratio = 1)
PS = 8
18. By def. of reg. polygons, corr. int.  are , and side
lengths are  and thus proportional. So any 2 reg. 29. Ratios of sides are not the same: _
12 = _
24 ,

polygons with same number of sides are ∼.

_
10 = 4, _ 6 =4 3.5 7
2.5 1.5
19. _
EF = _ FG 20. _MP = _NP
AB BC XZ YZ CHALLENGE AND EXTEND
_
x+3 _
= 2x - 4
_x+5
=_4x - 10
4 3 30 75 30. __
model length
=_1
3(x + 3) = 4(2x - 4) 75(x + 5) = 30(4x - 10) building length 500
3x + 9 = 8x - 16 5(x + 5) = 2(4x - 10) _ =_ 1
25 = 5x 5x + 25 = 8x - 20 200 500
x=5 45 = 3x 500 = 200
x = 15  = 0.4 ft = 4.8 in.
__
model width = _ 1
21. Possible answer: building width 500
__
Statue of Liberty’s nose _
≈
your nose _w =_ 1
Statue of Liberty’s hand your hand 140 500
_ x ft ≈ _ 2 in. 500w = 140
16.4 ft 7 in. w = 0.28 ft = 3.36 in.
7x ≈ 2(16.4) = 32.8 −− −−
x ≈ 4.7 31. Since QR  ST, ∠PQR  ∠PST and ∠PRQ  ∠PTS
Estimated length of Statue of Liberty’s nose is 4.7 ft by Alt. Int.  Thm. ∠P  ∠P by Reflex. Prop. of .
(or between 4.5 ft and 5 ft). Thus corr.  of PQR and PST are . Since
PS = 6 and PT = 8, _ = _ PR = _
PQ QR _
= 1.
22. If 2 polygons are ∼, then their corr.  are  PS PT ST 2
and their corr. sides are proportional. If corr.  Therefore PQR ∼ PST by def. of ∼ polygons.
of 2 polygons are  and their corr. sides are 32a.By HL, ABD  CBD, so ∠A  ∠C, and
proportional, then polygons are ∼. m∠A = m∠C = 45°. So ABC is a 45°-45°-90° .
23. JKLM ∼ NOPQ → ∠O  ∠K → m∠O = 75° AC = AB √2 = 1 √2 = √
2
NOPQ a  → ∠Q  ∠O → m∠Q = 75° m∠CBD = 90 - ∠C = 45°, so CDB is also a
∠O and ∠Q are 75° . 45°-45°-90° . So
__
width on blueprint __length on blueprint BC = 1 = DC √ 2 = DB √
2
24. = √2
 = 2DC = 2DB
actual width actual length
_w =_ DC = DB = _
3.5 √2
14 18 2
18w = 14(3.5) = 49
w=_ 49 ≈ 2.7 in. b. From part a., corr.  of ABC and CDB.
18 _AB = _
BC = _ AC = √2 . By def. of ∼,
25. Polygons must be . Since polygons are ∼, their BD DC BC
ABC ∼ CDB.
corr.  must be . Since ∼ ratio is 1, corr. sides
must have same length. 33a. rect. ABCD ∼ rect. BCFE

___
height of tree on backdrop _ b. _
 =_1
26a. = 1 1 -1
height of tree on flat 10
_
0.9 = _
1
h 10
0.9(10) = h
h = 9 ft

155 Holt McDougal Geometry

 c. ( - 1) = 1 4. Statements Reasons
2 -  = 1 −−
2 1. M is mdpt. of JK, N is mdpt. 1. Given
 --1=0 −− −−
1 ± √
1 2 - 4(1)(-1) of KL, and P is mdpt. of JL.
 = __ 2. MP = _ 1 KL, MN = _ 1 JL, 2. Midsegs.
2 2 2
=_
1 ± √5 Thm.
2 NP = _ 1 KJ
2
Think:  > 0, so take positive sq. root.
3. _
MP = _ MN = _ NP = _ 1 3. Div. Prop. of =
=_
1 + √5  KL JL KJ 2
2 4. JKL ∼ NPM 4. SSS ∼ Step 3
d.  ≈ 1.6
5. _
FG = _
BF
SPIRAL REVIEW AC AB
34. # of orders = # of permutations of 4 things
_
FG = _
4
5x 4x
= 4! = 24 FG(4x) = 4(5x)
35. Think: Kite → diags. are ⊥. So ∠QTR is a rt. ∠. 4FG = 20
m∠QTR = 90° FG = 5
36. Think: PST RST. By CPCTC,
THINK AND DISCUSS
∠PST ∠RST
m∠PST = m∠RST = 20° 1. ∠A ∠D or ∠C ∠F 2. _
BA = _
3
ED 5
37. Think: PST is a rt. . So ∠ PST and ∠TPS are
comp. 3. No; corr. sides need to be proportional but not
m∠TPS = 90 - m∠PST necessarily for to be ∼.
= 90 - 20 = 70°

38. _
x = _ y
39. _x =_ y 4. #ONGRUENCE 3IMILARITY
4 10 4 10 333 )F  SIDES OF  ̱
ARE RESPECTIVELY Ɂ TO  )F  SIDES OF ̱ ARE PROPORTIONAL TO THE 
10x = 4y 10x = 4y SIDES OF ANOTHER ̱ THEN THE є
ARE Ɂ CORR SIDES OF ANOTHER ̱ THEN THE є ARE ȸ
_
10x = 4
y
_
10 = _
4 3!3 )F  SIDES AND THE INCLUDED Ȝ
OF  ̱
ARE Ɂ )F  SIDES OF ̱ ARE PROPORTIONAL TO  SIDES
y x TO  SIDES AND THE INCLUDED Ȝ
OF ANOTHEṞ OF ANOTHER ̱
AND THEIR INCLUDED ѓ ARE Ɂ
THEN THE є ARE Ɂ THEN THE є ARE ȸ
_
40. =x _y
4 10
x =_
4y
10
_x = _4 or _ 2
!! )F  ѓ OF ̱ ARE Ɂ
TO  ѓ OF ANOTHER ̱
THEN THE є
ARE ȸ
y 10 5

7-3 TRIANGLE SIMILARITY: AA, SSS,

AND SAS, PAGES 470–477
EXERCISES
CHECK IT OUT!
1. By Sum Thm., m∠C = 47°, so ∠C ∠F. ∠B ∠E GUIDED PRACTICE
by Rt. ∠ Thm. Therefore ABC ∼ DEF by AA ∼. 1. By def. of ∠ , ∠C ∠H. By Sum Thm.,
2. ∠TXU ∠VXW by Vert. Thm. m∠A = 47°, so ∠A ∠F. Therefore ABC ∼ FGH
_
TX = _12 = _
3, _
XU = _
15 = _
3 by AA ∼.
VX 16 4 XW 20 4 2. ∠P ∠T (given). ∠QST is a rt. ∠ by the Lin. Pair
Therefore TXU ∼ VXW by SAS ∼. Thm., so ∠QST ∠RSP. Therefore QST ∼
3. Step 1 Prove are ∼. RSP by AA ∼.
It is given that ∠RSV ∠T. By the Reflex. Prop. of
, ∠R ∠R. Therefore RSV ∼ RTU by AA ∼. 3. _
DE = _ 8 =_
1, _
DF = _
6 =_
1, _
EF = _10 = _
1
JK 16 2 JL 12 2 KL 20 2
Step 2 Find RT. Therefore DEF ∼ JKL by SSS ∼.
_
RT = _ TU
4. ∠NMP ∠RMQ (given)
RS SV
_
RT = _ 12 _
MN = _ 4 =_
2, _
MP = _8 =_8 =_2
10 8 MR 6 3 MQ 4+8 12 3
8RT = 10(12) = 120 Therefore MNP ∼ MRQ by SAS ∼.
RT = 15

156 Holt McDougal Geometry

 5. Step 1 Prove  are ∼. 12. By Isosc.  Thm., ∠B  ∠C and ∠E  ∠F. By 
It is given that ∠C  ∠E. ∠A  ∠A by Reflex. Prop. Sum Thm.,
of . Therefore AED  ACB by AA ∼. 32 + 2m∠B = 180
Step 2 Find AB. 2m∠B = 148°
_
AB = _ BC m∠B = 74°
AD DE By def. of  , ∠B  ∠E and ∠C  ∠F.
_
AB = _ 15
Therefore ABC ∼ DEF by AA ∼.
6 9
9AB = 15(6) = 90 13. ∠K  ∠K by Reflex. Prop. of 
AB = 10 _
KL = _6 =_ 3, _
KM = _5+4 _
=3
KN 4 2 KL 6 2
6. Step 1 Prove  are ∼.
−− −− Therefore KLM ∼ KNL by SAS ∼.
Since UV || XY, by Alt. Int.  Thm., ∠U  ∠Y and
∠V  ∠X. Therefore UVW ∼ YXW by AA ∼. 14. _
UV = _VW = _WU = _4 =_ 8
Step 2 Find WY. XY YZ ZX 5.5 11
_WY = _WX Therefore UVW ∼ XYZ by SSS ∼.
WU WV 15. Step 1 Prove  are ∼.
_WY = _8.75 It is given that ∠ABD  ∠C. ∠A  ∠A by Reflex.
9 7 Prop. of . Therefore ABD  ACB by AA ∼.
7WY = 9(8.75) = 78.75
Step 2 Find AB.
WY = 11.25 _
AB = _ AC
AD AB
7. Statements Reasons
−− −−
_
AB = _ 4 + 12
1. MN KL 1. Given 4 AB
2
2. ∠JMN  ∠JKL, ∠JNM  ∠JLK 2. Corr.  Post. AB = 4(16) = 64
3. JMN ∼ JKL 3. AA ∼ Step 2 AB = + √64 = 8
16. Step 1 Prove  are ∼.
8. Statements Reasons −− −−−
Since ST VW, ∠PST  ∠V by Corr.  Post. ∠P
1. SQ = 2QP, TR = 2RP 1. Given  ∠P by Reflex. Prop. of . Therefore PST ∼
2. SP = SQ + QP, 2. Seg. Add. Post. PVW by AA ∼.
TP = TR + RP Step 2 Find PS.
3. SP = 2QP + QP, 3. Subst. _
PS = _ST
TP = 2RP + RP PV VW
4. SP = 3QP, TP = 3RP 4. Seg. Add. Post. _ PS = _ 10 = _ 4
5. _
SP = 3, _
TP = 3 PS + 6 17.5 7
5. Div. Prop. of = 7PS = 4(PS + 6)
QP RP
6. ∠P  ∠P 6. Reflex. Prop. of  7PS = 4PS + 24
7. PQR ∼ PST 7. SAS ∼ Steps 5, 6 3PS = 24
PS = 8
9. SAS or SSS ∼ Thm.
17. Statements Reasons
10. Step 1 Prove  are ∼.
∠S  ∠S by Reflex. Prop. of  1. CD = 3AC, CE = 3BC 1. Given
_
SA = _733 + 586
≈ 2.25, _SB = _
800 + 644
≈ 2.24 2. _
CD = 3, _
CE = 3 2. Div. Prop. of 
SC 586 SD 644 AC BC
Therefore SAB ∼ SCD by SAS ∼. 3. ∠ACB  ∠DCE 3. Vert.  Thm.
Step 2 Find AB. 4. ABC ∼ DEC 4. SAS ∼ Steps 2, 3
_AB = _SA
CD SC 18. Statements Reasons
_
AB ≈ 2.25
1. _
PR = _
533 QR
1. Given
AB ≈ 2.25(533) MR NR
≈ 1200 m or 1.2 km 2. ∠R  ∠R 2. Reflex. Prop. of 
3. PQR ∼ MNR 3. SAS ∼ Steps 1, 2
PRACTICE AND PROBLEM SOLVING 4. ∠1  ∠2 4. Def. of ∼ 
11. ∠G  ∠G by Reflex. Prop. of . ∠GLH  ∠K by Rt.
∠  Thm. Therefore  HLG ∼ JKG by AA ∼.

157 Holt McDougal Geometry

19. 26. Possible answer: Yes; If corr.  are  and corr.
sides are prop., ABC ∼ XYZ.
B Y
D


h
 IN   IN A C E F X Z

 IN
27. Think: Since all horiz. lines are , 3  with horiz.
bases are ∼ by AA ∼.
_
JK = _3 _
MN = _ 6
 6 9 6 9
9JK = 6(3) = 18 9MN = 6(6) = 36
By Vert.  Thm., ∠1  ∠2. Since vert. sides are JK = 2 ft MN = 4 ft
, ∠3  ∠4 by Corr.  Post., so marked  are ∼. 28. Since ABC ∼ DEF, by def. of ∼ , ∠A  ∠D
Therefore, and ∠B  ∠E. Similarly, since DEF ∼ XYZ,
_
h÷2 _
= 32.5 ∠D  ∠X and ∠E  ∠Y. Thus by Trans. Prop. of ,
1.25 54
∠A  ∠X and ∠B  ∠Y. So ABC ∼ XYZ by AA ∼.
54 _ ()
h = 1.25(32.5)
2 29. Possible answer:
27h = 40.625 P S
h ≈ 1.5 in. 2

20. M ka N yes; SAS ∼

Q 3 R
a kb
J K 4
b
L P

21. J a M ka yes; SSS ∼

c K N T 6 U
b kc
L kb −− −−
P 30. Since KNJ is isosc. with vertex ∠N, KN  JN by
def. of an isosc. . ∠NKJ  ∠NJK by Isosc. Thm.
22. K J N M no
b
It is given that ∠H  ∠L, so GHJ  MLK by AA ∼.
a kb ka
L P 31a. The  are ∼ by AA ∼ if you assume that camera
−− −−
is  to hurricane (that is, YX  AB).
23. Think: PQR  PST by AA ∼.
_PS = _ST b. YWZ ∼ BCZ and XWZ ∼ ACZ, also by
PQ QR AA ∼.
_
x+3 _
=
x+5
c. _
XW = _
WZ = _
50
3 4 AC ZC 150
4(x + 3) = 3(x + 5) 150XW = 50AC
4x + 12 = 3x + 15 _
YW = _
WZ = _ 50
x=3 BC ZC 150
24. Think: EFG  HJG by AA ∼. 150YW = 50BC
_
EG = _FG 150XW + 150YW = 50AC + 50BC
GH GJ 150XY = 50AB
_
2x - 2 = _
x+9 50AB = 150(35) = 5250
15 20 AB = 105 mi
20(2x - 2) = 15(x + 9)
40x - 40 = 15x + 135 32. Solution B is incorrect. The proportion should be
25x = 175 _8 =_ 8+y
.
x=7 10 14
33. Let measure of vertex  be x °. Then by Isosc.
25a. Think: Calculate __ for each
slant edge lengths
( )
◦
base edge length Thm., base  in each must measure _ 180 - x .
2
pyramid. So  are ∼ by AA ∼.
Pyramid A: _12 = _ 6 ; Pyramid B: _9 =_
5;
TEST PREP
10 5 7.2 4
Pyramid C: _9.6 = _ 6 34. C 35. J
8 5 _TU = _
UV _
FG = _
10.5 = _
1
Since slant edges of each pyramid are , PQ QR BC 42 4
Pyramids A and C are ∼ by SSS ∼. _TU = _
60 + 20 _
=4 _
GH = _
14.5 = _
1
Lengths are =. 60 40 + 60 5 CD 58 4
5TU = 60(4) = 240
b. _
base of A = _
10 = _
5 TU = 48
base of C 8 4

158 Holt McDougal Geometry

36. C 44. _
2x = _
35 45. _
5y
=_
25
−− −− −− −− 10 25 450 10y
Rects. ∼ → BC ∼ FG, ∠C ∼ ∠G, and CD ∼ GH,
which are conditions for SAS ∼. 25(2x) = 10(35) 5y(10y) = 450(25)
50x = 350 2
50y = 11,250
37. 30 x =7 2
_x =_ 20 y = 225
12 8 y = ±15
8x = 12(20) = 240
x = 30 46. _
b-5 =_
7
28 b-5
2
CHALLENGE AND EXTEND (b - 5) = 28(7) = 196
−− b - 5 = ±14
38. Assume that AB < DE and choose X on DE so that b = 5 ±14 = 19 or -9
−− −− −− −−
AB  DX. Then choose Y on DF so that XY  EF.
By Corr. Post., ∠DXY  ∠DEF and ∠DYX 
∠DFE. Therefore DXY ∼ DEF by AA ∼. By READY TO GO ON? PAGE 479
def. of ∼ , _ DX = _ XY = _ DY. By def. of , AB = DX.
1. slope = _ = _ 2. slope = _
-1 + 2 1 -3 - 3
DE EF DF
4+1 5 2+1
So _AB = _XY. It is given that _
AB = _ BC, so XY = BC.
_
DE EF DE EF = -6 =_-2
−− −− −− −− 3 1
XY  BC by def. of . Similarly, DY  AC, so
ABC  DXY by SSS  Thm. It follows that 3. slope = _
1-3 =_ -2 4. slope = 0
4+4 8
ABC ∼ DXY. Then by Trans. Prop. of ∼,
= _
-1
ABC ∼ DEF. 4
−−
39. Assume that AB < DE and choose X on DE so that
−− −− −− −− 5. _
y _
= 12 6. _16 = _20
XE  AB. Then choose Y on EF so that XY  DF. 6 9 24 t
∠EXY  ∠EDF by Corr. Post., ∠E  ∠E by 9y = 6(12) = 72 16t = 24(20) = 480
Reflex. Prop. of . Therefore XEY ∼ DEF by y=8 t = 30
AA ∼. By def. of ∼ , _ XE = _ EY . It is given that
7. _
x-2 =_
9 8. _ 2 =_ y
DE EF 4 x-2 3y 24
_
AB = _ BC . By def. of , XE = AB, so _ XE = _ BC . 2
(x - 2) = 4(9) = 36 2(24) = 3y(y)
DE EF DF EF x - 2 = ±6 2
−− −− 48 = 3y
Thus by def. of , BC = EY and so BC  EY. It is x=2±6 2
also given that ∠B  ∠E, so ABC  XEY by 16 = y
= –4 or 8
SAS  Thm. It follows that ABC ∼ XEY. Then y = ±4
by Trans. Prop. of ∼, ABC ∼ DEF. __
length of building __
width of building
9. =
40. Think: Use Sum Thm. and def. of ∼. length of model width of model
m∠X + m∠Y + m∠Z = 180 _ =_240
2x + 5y + 102 - x + 5x + y = 180 1.4 0.8
6x + 6y = 78 0.8 = 1.4(240) = 336
x + y = 13  = 420 m
y = 13 - x 10. _
AB = _
64 = _
2; _
AD = _
30 = _
3 ; no
Think: Use def. of ∼. WX 96 3 WZ 50 5
∠A  ∠X 11. By def. of comp. , m∠M = 23° and m∠K = 67°; so
m∠A = m∠X ∠J  ∠N, ∠M  ∠P, and ∠R  ∠K;
50 = 2x + 5y _
JM = _ 24 = _
2; _
MR = _
26 = _
2; _
JR = _
10 = _
2
50 = 2x + 5(13 - x) NP 36 3 PK 39 3 NK 15 3
50 = 65 - 3x yes; _
2 ; JMR ∼ NPK
3x = 15 3
x =5 12. Think: Assume magnet ∼ portrait.
y = 13 - 5 = 8 __
length of magnet __ width of magnet
m∠Z = 5(5) + 8 = 33° =
length of portrait width of portrait
SPIRAL REVIEW
_ =_ 3.5
30 21
41. 100 = ____
96 + 99 + 105 + 105 + 94 + 107 + x
21 = 30(3.5) = 105
7
700 = 606 + x  = 5 cm
x = 94
13. Statements Reasons
42. Possible answer: (0, 4), (0, 0), (2, 0)
1. ABCD is a . 1. Given
43. Possible answer: (0, k), (2k, k), (2k, 0), (0, 0) −− −−
2. AD BC 2. Def. of 
3. ∠EDG  ∠FBG 3. Alt. Int. Thm.
4. ∠EGD  ∠FGB 4. Vert. Thm.
5. EDG ∼ FBG 5. AA ∼ Steps 3, 4

159 Holt McDougal Geometry

14. Statements Reasons 2.  Proportionality Thm.: Conv. of  Proportionality Thm.:
−− AE = __
AF AE = __
AF −−
1. MQ = _
1 MN, MR = _
1 MP   BC, then __
If EF EB FC
. If __
EB FC
  BC .
, then EF
1. Given
3 3 A A
2. _
MQ _
= ,1 _
MR = _
1 2. Div. Prop. of = E F E F
MN 3 MP 3
3. _
MQ
= _MR 3. Trans. Prop. of = B C B C
MN MP
4. ∠M  ∠M 4. Reflex. Prop. of 
5. MQR ∼ MNP 5. SAS ∼ Steps 3, 4 Proportionality

15. Think:  XYZ ∼ VUZ with ratio of proportion _

5, 2-Transv. Proportionality Corollary: ∠ Bisector Thm.:
2 −− BD = ___
by SAS ∼.   CD
If AB   EF CE
BD
AC = ___
 , then ___ DF
. If AD bisects ∠A, then ___
DC
AB
AC
.
_XY = _5 A
UV 2 A B
2XY = 5UV C D
2XY = 5(16) = 80 E F B C
XY = 40 ft D

7-4 APPLYING PROPERTIES OF SIMILAR

TRIANGLES, PAGES 481–487 EXERCISES
GUIDED PRACTICE
CHECK IT OUT!
1. It is given that CD  FG, so _
CE = _
−− −− DE by  Prop.
1. It is given that PQ  LM, so _
PL = _
−− −− QM CF DG
by  Prop. Thm.
PN QN
Thm. _
32 = _ 40
_ 3 =_ 2 24 DG
PN 5 32DG = 960
15 = 2PN DG = 30
PN = 7.5
2. It is given that QR  PN, so _ = _
−− −− QM RM by  Prop.
2. AD = 36 - 20 = 16 and BE = 27 - 15 = 12, so QP RN
_
DC = _ 20 = _5 Thm.
AD 16 4 _8 = _
10
_
EC = _ 15 = _
5 5 RN
8RN = 50
BE 12 4
Since _DC = _ −− −−
EC , DE RN = 6.25
 AB by Conv. of  Prop. Thm.
AD BE EC = _
3. _
1.5
= 1; _
ED = _
1.5 = 1
4. _
BD = _
−− −− −−− −− AB by AC 1.5 DB 1.5
3. AK  BL  CM  DN
Since _
EC = _ −− −−
ED , AB
_
KL = _AB CD BC
AC DB
 CD by Conv. of  Prop. Thm.
LM BC  ∠ Bis. Thm.
_
2.6 = _
2.4 4.5 = _
_ 9 =_ 8 4. _
VU = _67.5 = _
5; _VT = _90 = _5
LM 1.4 y
__ y y-2 US 54 4 TR 72 4
Since _
VU = _
2.4(LM) = 2.6(1.4) 2 −− −−
VT , TU
9(y - 2) = 8y  RS by Conv. of  Prop. Thm.
LM ≈ 1.5 cm US TR
_KL = _AB 9y - 18 = 8y
y = 18 5. Let  represent length of Broadway between 34th
MN CD
_2.6 = _
2.4 and 35th Streets.
MN 2.2
AC = y - 2 _  =_ 250
= 18 -2 = 16 275 240
2.4(MN) = 2.6(2.2)
=_=_
y 18 = 9 240 = 275(250)
MN ≈ 2.4 cm DC
2 2  ≈ 286 ft

THINK AND DISCUSS 6. _

QR _
=
PQ
by  ∠ Bis. Thm.
RS PS
1. Possible answer: _
AX = _
AY ; _
AX = _
XY ; _
AY = _
XY ; _x-2 =_12
XB YC AB BC AC BC x+1 16
16(x - 2) = 12(x + 1)
16x - 32 = 12x + 12
4x = 44
x = 11
QR = 11 - 2 = 9; RS = 11 + 1 = 12

160 Holt McDougal Geometry

 7. _
BC = _AB by  ∠ Bis. Thm. 21. Let x represent length of 3rd side.
CD AD either or
_ 6 =_ 9 _x =_ 12 _ x =_ 16
y-1 2y - 4 20 16 20 12
6(2y - 4) = 9(y - 1) 16x = 240 12x = 320
12y - 24 = 9y - 9 x = 15 in. x =_ 80 = 26 _
2 in.
3y = 15 3 3
y=5
22a. _
AC _
=
CE
b. _
81.6 = _
CE
CD = 5 - 1 = 4; AD = 2(5) - 4 = 6 BD DF 80 70
81.6(70) = 80CE
PRACTICE AND PROBLEM SOLVING CE = 71.4 cm
8. _GJ = _HK 9. _
XY = _XZ
c. _
AJ = _AC
JL KL YU ZV BK BD
_6 = _
8 _
30 - 18 = _ __ =_
XZ AJ 81.6
4 KL 18 30 80 + 70 + 60 + 40 80
6KL = 32 12(30) = 18XZ _
81.6
KL = 5 _
1 XZ = 20 AJ = (250) = 255 cm
80
3

10. _
EC = _12 = 3, _
ED = _14 = _
42 = 3 23. Statements Reasons

1. _
AE = _
CA 4 DB 4 __2 14 AF
−− −− 3 1. Given
So AB  CD by Conv. of  Prop. Thm. EB FC
2. ∠A  ∠A 2. Reflex. Prop. of 
11. _
PM = _9 - 2.7 = 2_
1, _
PN = _10 - 3 = 2_
1 3. AEF ∼ ABC 3. SAS ∼ Steps 1, 2
MQ 2.7 3 NR 3 3 4. ∠AEF  ∠ABC 4. Def. of ∼ 
−−− −− −−
So MN  QR by Conv. of  Prop. Thm. 5. EF  BC 5. Conv. of Corr. Post.
12. _LM = _HJ _MN = _
JK
GL GH GL GH 24. Statements Reasons
_
LM = _ 2.6 _
MN = _ 2.2
11.3 10.4 11.3 10.4 1. AB  CD , CD  EF 1. Given
LM = _ MN = _
2.6 (11.3) 2.2 (11.3) ≈ 2.39 ft −−
2. Draw EB intersecting CD 2. 2 pts. determine
10.4 10.4 at X. a line
≈ 2.83 ft
3. _
AC = _BX 3.  Prop. Thm.
13. _BC = _AB CE XE
CD AD 4. _
BX = _BD 4.  Prop. Thm.
z_-4 =_ 12 XE DF
5. _
AC = _
__
z 10 BD 5. Trans. Prop. of =
10(z - 4) = _
2 z (12) CE DF
2
10z - 40 = 6z
4z = 40
z = 10 25a. _
PR = _
QS
BC = 10 - 4 = 6; CD = _10 = 5 RT SU
__
x
2 _
x =_
2
= _
x
14. _
TU = _ ST x+2 x-2 x(x - 2)
UV SV
_2y
=_
4y - 2


14.4 24
24(2y) = 14.4(4y - 2)
8
48y = 57.6y - 28.8
28.8 = 9.6y 
y =3
ST = 4(3) - 2 = 10; TU = 2(3) = 6
2x(x - 2) = x(x + 2)
15. _
AB = _
AC 16. _
AD = _
AE 2 2
2x - 4x = x + 2x
BD CE DF EG
2
x - 6x = 0
17. _
DF = _
EG
18. _
AF = _
AG
x(x - 6) = 0
BD CE AB AC
x = 6 (since x > 0)
19. _
BD = _
DF 20. _
AB = _
BF
PR = 6; RT = 6 + 2 = 8; QS = _
6 = 3;
CE EG AC CG 2
SU = 6 - 2 = 4

b. _
PR = _ or _
6 =_
QS 3
RT SU 8 4

161 Holt McDougal Geometry

26. Think: Use  Prop. Thm. and  ∠ Bis. Thm. 33. J 34. C
_EF = _CD = _AD _
AB = _
16 Let x be dist. to 1st St.
BE BC AB 25 20 _x =_ 2.1 = _ 3
_EF = _24 = _
4 20AB = 400 2.4 2.8 4
10 18 3 AB = 20 4x = 7.2
3EF = 40 x = 1.8 mi
EF = 13 _1 x + 2.4 = 4.2 mi
3
35. _x =_ 20 = _5
27. _ST = _
SR = _
PN 24 16 4
TQ RQ NM 4x = 120
_ST = _
6 x = 30
10 4 _ =_16 = _
y 4
4ST = 60
15 20 5
ST = 15 5y = 60
28. Total length along Chavez St. is y = 12
150 + 200 + 75 = 425 ft. possible answer: _
20 = _15 ; _
20 = _
30 ; _
15 = _30 ;
_ x =_ 500 = _ 20 16 12 16 24 12 24
150 425 17
_
20 + 15 _
=
16 + 12 _
; 20 =_ 16 ;
17x = 150(20) = 3000 30 24 15 + 30 12 + 24
x ≈ 176 ft __ 20 = __ 16
_ 20 + 15 + 30 16 + 12 + 24
=_500 = _
y 20
200 425 17 CHALLENGE AND EXTEND
17y = 4000
y ≈ 235 ft 36. P = AB + BC + AC
_z =_ 500 = _20 29 = AB + 9 + AC
75 425 17 20 - AB = AC
17z = 1500 _
AB = _BD
z = 88 ft AC CD
_ AB =_4
29. Draw a seg. on tracing paper whose length is = to 20 - AB 5
the vert. dist. from line 1 to line 6 or no greater than 5AB = 4(20 - AB)
the diag. dist. from line 1 to line 6 of the notebook 9AB = 80
paper. Place the tracing paper over the notebook AB = 8_ 8
paper so that the seg. spans exactly 6 of the lines 9
on the notebook paper. Then mark the spots where AC = 20 - 8_8 = 11_
1
the tracing-paper seg. crosses the line on the 9 9
notebook paper. The method works by the 2-Transv. −−
37. Given: ABC ∼ XYZ, AD bisects ∠BAC,
Proportionality Corollary. −−−
and XW bisects ∠YXZ.
30. Think: Use  Prop. Thm. First find EX. Prove: _AD = _ AB
_EX = _ EY XW XY
AX DY A X
_EX = _ 16
17 18
18EX = 272 B D C Y W Z
EX = 15 _ 1
9 Statements Reasons
AE = AX + XE
= 17 + 15 _1 = 32_
1 1. ABC ∼ XYZ 1. Given
9 9 2. ∠B  ∠Y 2. Def. of ∼ polygons
_
EC = _ DB 3. m∠BAC = m∠YXZ 3. Def. of ∼ polygons
AE AD −−
4. AD bisects ∠BAC and 4. Given
_EC = _ 7.5 = _
1 −−−
XW bisects ∠YXZ.
32 1 / 9 15 2
5. m∠BAC = 2m∠BAD, 5. Def. of ∠ bis.
2EC = 32 _1
m∠YXZ = 2m∠YXW
9
EC = 16 _ 1 6. 2m∠BAD = 2m∠YXW 6. Trans. Prop. of =
18 7. m∠BAD = m∠YXW 7. Div. Prop. of =
8. ABD ∼ XYW 8. AA ∼ Steps 2, 7
31. Possible answer: _
BD = _
AB ;  ∠ Bis. Thm.
CD AC 9. _
AD = _ AB 9. Def. ~ Triangles
XW XY
TEST PREP
32. C
_
US = _
20 = _
4, _
VT = _
16 = _
4
SR 35 7 TR 28 7

162 Holt McDougal Geometry

38. 8 7-5 USING PROPORTIONAL
RELATIONSHIPS, PAGES 488–494


CHECK IT OUT!
1. Step 1 Convert measurements to inches.
GH = 5 ft 6 in. = 5(12) in. + 6 in. = 66 in.
JH = 5 ft = 5(12) in. = 60 in.
NM = 14 ft 2 in. = 14(12) in. + 2 in. = 170 in.
Statements Reasons Step 2 Find ∼ .
−− Because sun’s rays are , ∠J  ∠N. Therefore
1. AD bisects ∠A. 1. Given
−− −− GHJ  LMN by AA ∼.
2. Draw BX  AD, 2.  Post.
−− Step 3 Find LM.
extending AC to X.
_GH = _ JH
3. _
BD = _ AX 3.  Prop. Thm. LM NM
DC AC _66 = _ 60
4. ∠CAD  ∠AXB 4. Corr.  Post.
LM 170
5. ∠CAD  ∠DAB 5. Def of ∠ bis. 60LM = 66(170)
6. ∠DAB  ∠ABX 6. Alt. Int.  Thm. LM = 187 in. = 15 ft 7 in.
7. ∠DAB  ∠AXB 7. Trans. Prop. of 
8. ∠ABX  ∠AXB 8. Trans. Prop. of  2. Use a ruler to measure dist. between City Hall and
−− −− El Centro College. Dist. is 4.5 cm.
9. AX  AB 9. Conv. Isosc.  Thm.
10. AX = AB 10. Def. of  segs. To find actual dist. y, write a proportion comparing
11. _
BD = _ AB map dist. to actual dist.
11. Subst.
DC AC _
4.5 = _1.5
y 300
39. Check students’ work. 1.5y = 4.5(300)
1.5y = 1350
SPIRAL REVIEW y = 900
40. 5 = 1 + 4, 6 = 2 + 4, … n th term is n + 4 Actual dist. is 900 m, or 0.9 km.
41. 3 = 3(1), 6 = 3(2), … n th term is 3n 3. Step 1 Set up proportions to find length  and width
2
w of of scale drawing.
42. 1 = 1 2, 4 = 2 2, 9 = 3 , … n th term is n 2 _ =_ 1 _w =_ 1
74 20 60 20
43. Let C = (x, y). 20 = 74 20w = 60
3=_ _
1+x 4+y
-7 =  = 3.7 in. w = 3 in.
2 2
6=1+x -14 = 4 + y Step 2 Use a ruler to draw a rect. with new
x= 5 y = -18 dimensions. (Check students’ work.)
C = (5, -18) 4. Similarity ratio of ABC to DEF is _ 4 , or _
1.
12 3
44. ∠A  ∠A (Reflex. Prop. of ) By Proportional Perimeters and Areas Thm., ratio
_
AB = _ 8 =_2, _
AC = _ 6 =_ 2
of ’ perimeters is also _
1 , and ratio of ’ areas
AD 12 3 AE 9 3 3
Therefore ABC ∼ ADE by SAS ∼.
45. ∠KLJ  ∠NLM (Vert.  Thm.)
()
is _1 2, or _
3
1.
9
∠K  ∠N ( Sum Thm. → m∠N = 68°) Perimeter Area
Therefore JKL ∼ MNL by AA ∼.
_P =_ 1 _A =_ 1
42 3 96 9
3P = 42 9A = 96
P = 14 mm A = 10_ 2 mm 2
3
Perimeter of ABC is 14 mm, and area is 10_ 2 mm 2.
3

THINK AND DISCUSS

1. Set up a proportion: _ 5.5 = _ 1 . Then solve for x to
x 25
find actual dist.: x = 5.5(25) = 137.5 mi.
2. 3IMILAR &IGURES


 

3IMILARITY RATIO 2ATIO OF PERIMETERS 2ATIO OF AREAS

?? OR ?? ?? OR ?? ?? OR ??
     

163 Holt McDougal Geometry

EXERCISES 9. Step 1 Set up proportions to find length  and width
GUIDED PRACTICE w of scale drawing.
_b =_ 1 _ w =_ 1
1. indirect measurement 10 2.3 4.6 2.3
2. Step 1 Convert measurements to inches. 2.3b = 10 2.3w = 4.6 cm
5 ft 6 in. = 5(12) in. + 6 in. = 66 in. b = 4.3 cm w = 2 cm
4 ft = 4(12) in. = 48 in. Step 2 Use a ruler to draw a rect. with new
40 ft = 40(12) in. = 480 in. dimensions. (Check students’ drawings.)
Step 2 Find ∼ . 10. Similarity ratio of MNPQ to RSTU is _
4 , or _
2.
Since marked  are ,  are ∼ by AA ∼. 6 3
Step 3 Find height of dinosaur, h. By Proportional Perimeters and Areas Thm., ratio of
_h =_ 480 perimeters is also _ 2.
66 48 3
_h = 10
_
14 = _2
P 3
66
h = 10(66) = 660 in. 2P = 14(3) = 42
Height of dinosaur is 660 in., or 55 ft. P = 21
−− Perimeter of RSTU is 21 cm.
3. Use a ruler to measure to-scale length of AB.
11. Ratio of areas is _()
2 , or _
2
Length is 0.25 in. 4.
To find actual length AB, write a proportion _
12 = _4 3 9
comparing to-scale length to actual length. A 9
_
0.25 = _ 1 4A = 12(9) = 108
AB 48 A = 27
AB = 0.25(48) = 12 ft Area of RSTU is 27 cm 2.
−−
4. Use a ruler to measure to-scale length of CD. PRACTICE AND PROBLEM SOLVING
Length is 0.75 in. 12. 5 ft 2 in. = 62 in.; 7 ft 9 in. = 93 in.; 15.5 ft = 186 in.
To find actual length CD, write a proportion _h =_ 186 = 2
comparing to-scale length to actual length. 62 93
_
0.75 = _ 1 h = 62(2) = 124 in. = 10_ 1 ft or 10 ft 4 in.
CD 48 3
−−
CD = 0.75(48) = 36 ft 13. map dist. for JK = 6 cm
−− _6 =_ 1
5. Use a ruler to measure to-scale length of EF. JK 9.4
Length is 1.25 in. JK = 6(9.4) ≈ 57 km
To find actual length EF, write a proportion −−
14. map dist. for NP = 0.45 cm
comparing to-scale length to actual length. 0.45 = _
_ 1
_
1.25 = _ 1 NP 9.4
EF 48 NP = 0.45(9.4) ≈ 4 km
EF = 1.25(48) = 60 ft
−− 15. Step 1 Set up proportions to find base b and height
6. Use a ruler to measure to-scale length of FG. h of scale drawing.
Length is 0.5 in. _b =_ 1.5 _ h =_ 1.5
To find actual length FG, write a proportion 150 100 200 100
comparing to-scale length to actual length. 100b = 225 100h = 300
_
0.5 = _ 1 b = 2.25 in. h = 3 in.
FG 48 Step 2 Use a ruler to draw a rt.  with new
FG = 0.5(48) = 24 ft dimensions. (Check students’ drawings.)
7. Step 1 Set up proportions to find length  and width 16. Step 1 Set up proportions to find base b and height
w of scale drawing. h of scale drawing.
_ =_ 1 _ w =_ 1 _b =_ 1 _ h =_ 1
10 1 4.6 1 150 300 200 300
 = 10 cm w = 4.6 cm 300b = 150 300h = 200
Step 2 Use a ruler to draw a rect. with new b = 0.5 in. h ≈ 0.67 in.
dimensions. (Check students’ drawings.) Step 2 Use a ruler to draw a rt.  with new
8. Step 1 Set up proportions to find length  and width dimensions. (Check students’ drawings.)
w of scale drawing. 17. Step 1 Set up proportions to find base b and height
_
=_1 _ w =_ 1 h of scale drawing.
10 2 4.6 2 _b =_ 1 _ h =_ 1
2 = 10 2w = 4.6 cm 150 150 200 150
 = 5 cm w = 2.3 cm 150b = 150 150h = 200
Step 2 Use a ruler to draw a rect. with new b = 1 in. h ≈ 1.3 in.
dimensions. (Check students’ drawings.) Step 2 Use a ruler to draw a rt.  with new
dimensions. (Check students’ drawings.)

164 Holt McDougal Geometry

18. scale factor = _
_P =_ 2
60 = _
90
2 19. _
3
A = _
1944
2 2=_
3
4
9 () 29. Let  1 and w 1 be dimensions of rect. ABCD; let  2
and w 2 be dimensions of rect. EFGH.
381 3 9A = 7776 A 1 =  1w 1
3P = 762 A = 864 m 2 135 =  1(9)
P = 254 m  1 = 15 in.

20. scale factor = _ _ in.

10 ft Think: Rects. are ∼; let scale factor be s.
21. map dist. = 10 _
2 _ w
0.5 in. _x = 20 8 = 2 =s
= 20 1 w1
__
10
map dist. = _30 in. 8  2 = s 1, w 2 = sw 1
_x = 20 16 x =_10(20) A 2 =  2w 2
8
__
30 = (s 1)(sw 1)
16 = 25 ft
x =_
2
30 (20) = s A1
16 240 = 135s 2
≈ 38 ft _
16 = s 2
9
22. map dist. = _
25 in. 23. map dist. = _
32 in.
s =_ 4
_
x = 20 16 _
x = 20 16 3
__
25 __
32
 2 = s 1
16 16 =_4 (15) = 20 in.
x =_
25 (20) x =_32 (20) 3
16 16 w 2 = sw 1
=_
≈ 32 ft ≈ 39 ft 4 (9) = 12 in.
24. By Proportional Perimeters and Areas Thm., 3
∼ ratio = ratio of perimeters = _
8. 30. Check students’ work.
9
__
scale length
=_  =_ 0.25
25. By Proportional Perimeters and Areas Thm., actual length 94 10
2
ratio of areas = (∼ ratio) . 10 = 23.5
_16 = (∼ ratio) 2  = 2.35 in.
25 _
scale width = _w =_ 0.25
∼ ratio = _ 16 = _
 4
√
25 5 actual width 50 10
10w = 12.5
2
26. ratio of areas = (∼ ratio) w = 1.25 in.
ratio of areas = (ratio of perims.) 2
_4 = (ratio of perims.) 2 31a.∼ ratio = _
1 in.
2 ft
81
ratio of perims. = _
4 =_ 2 = 1 in. = _
_ 1
√ 81 9 24 in. 24

27. _
scale width = _1 b. actual dimensions are 24(2) = 48 in. and 24(3) = 72 in.
2
model width 50 actual area = (48)(72) = 3456 in.
_w =_ 1 model area = (2)(3) = 6 in. 2

15 50 _
model area = _ 3456 = _ 1
w=_ 15 = 0.3 ft actual area 6 576
50 2
__
scale length
=_ 1 c. actual area = (4 ft)(6 ft) = 24 ft

32. In photo, height of person ≈ _

model length 50 1 in. and height of
_ =_ 1 2
60 50 statue ≈ 1_5 in.
=_60 = 1.2 ft 8
50 __
actual height of statue
height of statue in photo
28a. hyp. of PQR = √
3 2 + 4 2 = 5 in.
= ___
actual height of person
hyp. of WXY = √
6 2 + 8 2 = 10 in. height of statue in person
__ _ h ≈_ 5
=_
perimeter of PQR 3+4+5
1.625 0.5
perimeter of WXY 6 + 8 + 10
0.5h ≈ 8
=_
12 = _
1
h ≈ 16 ft
24 2
__
1
(4)(4) 33. __
map length
= scale factor
b. __ = _
area of PQR 2 actual length
area of WXZ __
1
2
(8)(6) _  =_ 1 cm =_
1 cm
1 km 900,000 cm 9 km
=_
6 =_
1
24 4  =_
1 cm
9
c. The ratio of areas is square of ratio of perimeters.

165 Holt McDougal Geometry

34. By  Midseg. Thm., def. of mdpt., and SSS , 44. It is given that ABC ∼ DEF. Let _ AB = x. Then
XYZ   ZJX; so  have same height h. DE
Therefore height of JKL = h + h = 2h. AB = DEx by Mult. Prop. of =. Similarly, BC = EFx
Since KL = 2ZX, and AC = DFx. By Add. Prop. of =, AB + BC + AC =
area of JKL = _ 1 (2ZX)(2h)
DEx + EFx + DFx. Thus AB + BC + AC
2
= 2(ZX)h = x (DE + EF + DF). By Div. Prop. of =,
=4 _ (
1 (ZX)(h)
2 ) __
AB + BC + AC
DE + EF + DF
= x. By subst., __ = _
AB + BC + AC
DE + EF + DF
AB .
DE
= 4(area of XYZ)
45. It is given that PQR ∼ WXY. Draw ⊥s from
__
area of JKL = _ 4 −− −−−
area of XYZ 1 Q and X to meet PR at S and WY at Z. By def. of
∼ polygons, _ = _ = _
PQ QR PR , and ∠P  ∠W.
35. 1 cm : 5 m; Since each cm will represent 5 m, this
WX XY WY
drawing will be _
1 size of the 1 cm : 1 m drawing.
In PQS and WXZ, ∠PSQ  ∠WZX. Thus
5
PQS ∼ WXZ by AA ∼. _ = _ = _
PQ QS PS by
36. _
4(x - 2) _
= x-2 =_
4 WZ XZ WZ
def. of ∼ polygons. _ = _
4(2x) 2x 9 QR SP by subst.
9(x - 2) = 8x XY ZW
9x - 18 = 8x __
Area of PQR _
= PR · _ = _
QS 2
PR .
x = 18 area of WXY WY XZ WY 2
AB = 18 - 2 = 16 units
HE = 2(18) = 36 units 46a. _
6
=_
1 _
7 =_
1
WX 2 XY 2
37. With a scale of 1 : 1, drawing is same size as actual WX = 12 XY = 14
object. _
10 = _
1 _
12 = _1
38. Suppose x and y are whole-number side lengths of YZ 2 WZ 2
YZ = 20 WZ = 24
smaller square and larger square. Then 2x 2 = y 2.
Thus x √ 2 = y. A whole number that is multiplied b. Quad. PQRS Quad. WXYZ
by √ 2 cannot equal a whole number, since √ 2 is Side Length (m) Side Length (m)
irrational.
PQ 6 WX 12
TEST PREP
QR 7 XY 14
39. D RS 10 YZ 20
area of RST = (scale factor) 2(area of ABC)

( )
PS 12 WZ 24
= _15 2(24) = _ 9 (24) = 54 m 2
10 4
c. y
40. G 
_
3.75 = _0.25
 1 
3.75 = 0.25 x
 = 15 ft    

41. C. Ratio of perimeters = ∼ ratio = _

4 d. WX = 12 = 2PQ; similarly XY = 2QR, YZ = 2RS,
9 and WZ = 2PS. So eqn. is y = 2x.
42. F
2 SPIRAL REVIEW
area of 2 = (∼ ratio) (area of 1)
= _ () 47. (x - 3) 2 = 49 48. (x + 1) 2 - 4 = 0
2
1 (16) = 4 ft 2
2 x - 3 = ±7 (x + 1) 2 = 4
x=3±7 x + 1 = ±2
CHALLENGE AND EXTEND
= 10 or -4 x = -1 ± 2
43a. __
x =_
1 km = _
3
10 m = -3 or 1
1.5 × 10 8 km 10 9 km 10 9 km 49. 4(x + 2) 2 - 28 = 0
x =_
3
10 m (1.5 × 10 8 km) 4(x + 2) 2 = 28
10 9 km (x + 2) 2 = 7
= 1.5 × 10 2 m or 150 m x + 2 = ± √ 7
x = -2 ± √ 7
43b. __
d =_
3
10 m
≈ 0.65 or -4.65
1.28 × 10 4 km 10 9 km
50. slope of AB = _ ; slope of CD = _
−− 2 −− -2 _
d =_
3
10 m (1.28 × 10 4 km) =2
−− 3 −− -3 3
10 9 km slope of BC = slope of AD = 0
−− −− −− −−
= 1.28 × 10 -2 m or 1.28 cm AB CD and BC AD, so ABCD is a .

166 Holt McDougal Geometry

51. slope of JK = _ = 1; slope of LM = _
−− 2 −− -2 3. Step 1 Plot pts. and y
=1 
2 -2 draw . U V
−− _ -3 −− _ -3
slope of KL = = -1; slope of JM = = -1 
−− −− −−3 −− 3 S T x
JK  LM and KL  JM, so JKLM is a . 
Step 2 Use Dist.  R  
52. 58x = 26y Formula to find side 
y : x = 58 : 26 = 29 : 13 lengths. 

7-6 DILATIONS AND SIMILARITY IN THE RS = √(-3 + 2) 2 + (1 - 0) 2 = √2

RT = √(0 + 2) + (1 - 0) = √5
COORDINATE PLANE, PAGES 495–500 2 2

RU = √(-5 + 2) + (3 - 0) = √18 = 3 √2
2 2
CHECK IT OUT!
RV = √(4 + 2) + (3 - 0) = √45 = 3 √5
1. Step 1 Multiply vertices of photo A(0, 0), B(0, 4), 2 2

C(3, 4), D(3, 0) by _ 1.

Step 3 Find similarity ratio.
2
Rect. ABCD Rect. ABCD _
RS = _ √2
=_ 1 _
RT = _√5
=_
1

(_
1
2
_
1
)
A(0, 0) → A (0), (0) → A(0, 0)
2
RU
Since _
√
3 2
RS = _
3 RV √
3 5 3
RT and ∠R  ∠R by Reflex. Prop.

(_
1 _
)
B(0, 0) → B (0), 1 (4) → B(0, 2)
2 2
RU RV
of , RST ∼ RUV by SAS ∼.

(_
C(0, 0) → C (3), _
1
2 )
1 (4) → C(1.5, 2)
2
4. Step 1 Multiply each coord. by 3 to find coords of
vertices of MNP.
(_1 _
)
D(0, 0) → D (3), 1 (0) → D(1.5, 0)
2 2
M(-2, 1) → M(3(-2), 3(1)) = M(-6, 3)
N(2, 2) → N(3(2), 3(2)) = N(6, 6)
Step 2 Plot pts. A(0, 0), y P(-1, -1) → P(3(-1), 3(-1)) = P(-3, -3)

B(0, 2), C(1.5, 2), and Step 2 Graph MNP.
D(1.5, 0). Draw the BĪ CĪ y

rectangle. NĪ
AĪ DĪ x MĪ
Check student’s work   
x
2. Since MON ∼ POQ,   
_
PO = _ OQ 
MO ON PĪ
_
-15 = _ 3 =_ -30
Step 3 Use Dist. Formula to find side lengths.
-10 2 ON
3ON = -60 MN = √(2 + 2) 2 + (2 - 1) 2 = √17
ON = -20
MN = √(6 + 6) + (6 - 3) = √153 = 3 √17
2 2
N lies on y-axis, so its x-coord. is 0. Since ON = -20,
its y-coord. must be -20. Coords. of N are (0, -20). NP = √(-1 - 2) + (-1 - 2) = √18 = 3 √2
2 2

(0, -30) → _ (
2 (0), _
3 3 )
2 (-30) → (0, -20), so scale
NP = √(-3 - 6) + (-3 - 6) = √162 = 9 √2
2 2

factor is _
2.
MP = √(-1 + 2) + (-1 - 1) = √5
2 2
3
MP = √(-3 + 6) + (-3 - 3) = √45 = 3 √5
2 2

Step 4 Find similarity ratio.

_
MN = _
3 √17
= 3, _
NP = _
9 √2
= 3, _
MP = _
3 √5
=3
MN √17 NP 3 √2 MP √5
Since _
MN = _
NP = _
MP , MNP ∼ MNP by
MN NP MP
SSS ∼.

THINK AND DISCUSS

1. The scale factor is 4, since each coord. of preimage
is multiplied by 4 in order to get coords. of image.

167 Holt McDougal Geometry

 2. $EFINITION 0ROPERTY 6. Step 1 Plot pts. and y E

! DILATION IS A TRANSFORMATION FOR $ILATIONS CHANGE THE SIZE BUT NOT THE SHAPE draw .
WHICH THE PREIMAGE AND IMAGE ARE ȸ OF A FIGURE D
C
$ILATIONS B x
Step 2 Use Dist.   A  
%XAMPLE .ONEXAMPLE
0OSSIBLE ANSWER 0OSSIBLE ANSWER Formula to find side 
lengths. 

EXERCISES AB = √(-1 - 0) 2 + (1 - 0) 2 = √2
AC = √(3 - 0) + (2 - 0) = √13
GUIDED PRACTICE 2 2

1. dilation 2. scale factor AD = √(-2 - 0) + (2 - 0) = √8 = 2 √2

2 2

AE = √(6 - 0) + (4 - 0) = √52 = 2 √13

2 2
3. Step 1 Multiply vertices of figure A(0, 0), B(0, 2),
C(2, 4), D(3, 3), E(3, 4), F(4, 4), G(4, 2), H(4, 0) by 2. Step 3 Find similarity ratio.
Fig. ABCDEFGH Fig. ABCDEFGH _
AB = _ √2
=_ 1 _
AC = _√13
=_
1
A(0, 0) → A(2(0), 2(0)) → A(0, 0) AD 2 √2 2 AE 2 √13 2
B(0, 2) → B(2(0), 2(2)) → B(0, 4) Since _
AB = _AC and ∠A ∠A by Reflex. Prop. of ,
C(2, 4) → C(2(2), 2(4)) → C(4, 8) AD AE
D(3, 3) → D(2(3), 2(3)) → D(6, 6) ABC ∼ ADE by SAS ∼.
E(3, 4) → E(2(3), 2(4)) → E(6, 8) 7. Step 1 Plot pts. and y
F(4, 4) → F(2(4), 2(4)) → F(8, 8) draw . 
G(4, 2) → G(2(4), 2(2)) → G(8, 4) J x
H(4, 0) → H(2(4), 2(0)) → H(8, 0)  
Step 2 Use Dist.  L
Step 2 Plot pts. A, B, y
C, D, E, F, G, and H. Formula to find side K
 N
Draw the figure. lengths.
M

JK = √(-3 + 1) 2 + (-4 - 0) 2 = √20 = 2 √5
JL = √(3 + 1) 2 + (-2 - 0) 2 = √20 = 2 √5
x
 
JM = √(-4 + 1) 2 + (-6 - 0) 2 = √45 = 3 √5

JN = √(5 + 1) 2 + (-3 - 0) 2 = √45 = 3 √5

4. Since AOB ∼ COD,
_AO = _ OB Step 3 Find similarity ratio.
CO OD _
JK = _ =_ _
JL = _ =_
2 √5 2 2 √5 2
_10 = _ 6
JM 3 JN 3
CO 15 3 √5 3 √5
150 = 6CO Since _
JK = _JL and ∠J ∠J by Reflex. Prop.
CO = 25 JM JN
C lies on x-axis, so its y-coord. is 0. Since CO = 25, of , JKL ∼ JMN by SAS ∼.
its x-coord. must be 25. Coords. of C are (25, 0).
(10, 0) → _ 5 (10), _
2 ( )
5 (0) → (25, 0), so scale factor
2
is _
5.
2
5. Since ROS ∼ POQ,
_
RO = _ OS
PO OQ
_4 =_ OS
10 -20
-80 = 10OS
OS = -8
S lies on y-axis, so its x-coord. is 0. Since OS = -8,
its y-coord. must be -8. Coords. of S are (0, -8).
(0, -20) → _ 2 (0), _
5 ( )
2 (-20) → (0, -8), so scale
5
factor is _
5.
2

168 Holt McDougal Geometry

8. Step 1 Multiply each coord. by 2 to find coords of
vertices of ABC. 9. Step 1 Multiply each coord. by _3 to find coords of
2
A(1, 4) → A(2(1), 2(4)) = A(2, 8) vertices of RST.
B(1, 1) → B(2(1), 2(1)) = B(2, 2)
C(3, 1) → C(2(3), 2(1)) = C(6, 2)
R(-2, 2) → R _(-2), _
3
2 ( 3 (2) = R(-3, 3)
2 )
Step 2 Graph ABC.
_
3
2 (_
3
S(2, 4) → S (2), (4) = S(3, 6)
2 )
_
T(0, -2) → T (0), _ ( )
y AĪ 3 3 (-2) = T(0, -3)

2 2
 Step 2 Graph RST.
BĪ CĪ x y
 SĪ
   
 RĪ

 
x
Step 3 Use Dist. Formula to find side lengths.   

AB = √
(1 - 1) 2 + (1 - 4) 2 = 3 TĪ
AB = √
(2 - 2) 2 + (2 - 8) 2 = 6 Step 3 Use Dist. Formula to find side lengths.
BC = √
(3 - 1) 2 + (1 - 1) 2 = 2 RS = √
(2 + 2) 2 + (4 - 2) 2 = √
20 = 2 √5
BC = √
(6 - 2) 2 + (2 - 2) 2 = 4 RS = √
(3 + 3) 2 + (6 - 3) 2 = √
45 = 3 √5
AC = √
(3 - 1) 2 + (1 - 4) 2 = √
13 
ST = √(0 - 2) + (-2 - 4) = 40 = 2 
2 2
√ √ 10

AC = √(6 - 2) + (2 - 8) = 
2 2
√ 52 = 2 √
13 
ST = √(0 - 3) + (-3 - 6) = 90 = 3 
2 2
√  √ 10
Step 4 Find similarity ratio. 
RT = √(0 + 2) + (-2 - 2) = 20 = 2 5
2 2
√  √ 
_
AB = _
6 = 2, _
BC = _ 4 = 2, _
AC = _
2 √
13
=2
AB 3 BC 2 AC √
13 RT = √
(0 + 3) 2 + (-3 - 3) 2 = √45 = 3 √5
Since _
AB = _
BC = _ AC , ABC ∼ ABC by Step 4 Find similarity ratio.
AB BC AC _
RS = _ =_ 3, _
ST = _ =_
3 √5 3 √
10 3,
SSS ∼.
RS 2 √5 2 ST 2 √
10 2
_
RT = _
3 √5
= _
3
RT 2 √5 2
Since _
RS = _
ST =_ RT , RST ∼ RST by
RS ST RT
SSS ∼.
PRACTICE AND PROBLEM SOLVING

10. Coords. of kite are A(4, 5), B(9, 7), C(10, 11), and
D(6, 10).
Coords. of image are A(2, 2.5), B(4.5, 3.5),
C(5, 5.5), and D(3, 5).
y

x
 

11. _
UO = _ OV
XO OY
_-9 = _ -3
XO -8
72 = -3XO
XO = -24
X on x-axis → X = (-24, 0)
(-9, 0) → _ (
8 (-9), _
3 )
8 (0) = (-24, 0), so scale
3
factor is _
8.
3

169 Holt McDougal Geometry

12. _
MO = _
ON 16. Step 1 Multiply each coord. by _ 1 to find coords of
KO OL 2
vertices of M N P .
_
16 = _
KO
-24
-15
M(0, 4) → M _ 1 (0), _
2 (
1 (4) = M (0, 2)
2 )
-240 = -24KO
KO = 10 N(4, 2) → N _1 (4), _
2 (
1 (2) = N (2, 1)
2 )
K on y-axis → K = (0, 10)
(0, 16) → _ (
5 (0), _
)
5 (16) = (0, 10), so scale factor
_
P(2, -2) → P (2), _
1
2 2 (
1 (-2) = P (1, -1)
)
8 8 Step 2 Graph M N P .
is _
5.
y
8 MĪ
NĪ
13. DE = √ 5 , DF = √
2 2 + 4 2 = 2 √ 4 2 + 4 2 = 4 √
2

DG = √3 + 6 = 3 √
2 2 
5 , DH = √6 + 6 = 6 √
2 2
2 x
  
_
DE = _  _
2 √5
= 2, _DF = _  _
4 √2
=2
DG 
3 √5 3 DH 6 √2
 3 PĪ
∠D  ∠D by Reflex. Prop. of . So DEF ∼ 
DGH by SAS ∼.
Step 3 Find side lengths.
14. MN = √ , MP = √
52 + 10 2 = 5 √5 152 + 5 2 = 5 √10
 MN = √ 5 , M N = √
4 2 + 2 2 = 2 √ 2 2 + 1 2 = √5

NP = √2 + 4 = 2 √
2 2 
5 , N P = √1 + 2 = √
2 2
MQ = √
10 + 20 = 10√5, MR = √ 5
2 2 2 2
30 + 10 =

10√10 MP = √ 10 , M P = √
2 2 + 6 2 = 2 √ 1 2 + 3 2 = √
10
_
MN = _
5 √
5
=_
1, _
MP = _
5 √
10
=_
1 Step 4 Verify similarity.
MQ 10 √
5 2 MR 10 √
10 2 Since _
MN =_ NP =_ MP =_
1 , MNP ∼ M N P
MN NP MP 2
∠M  ∠M by Reflex. Prop. of . So MNP ∼ by SSS ∼.
MQR by SAS ∼.
17. It is not a dilation; it changes shape of transformed
15. Step 1 Multiply each coord. by 3 to find coords of figure.
vertices of J K L .
J(-2, 0) → J (3(-2), 3(0)) = J (-6, 0) 18. Solution B is incorrect. Scale factor is ratio of a lin.
K(-1, -1) → K (3(-1), 3(-1)) = K (-3, -3) measure of image to corr. lin. measure of preimage,
L(-3, -2) → K (3(-3), 3(-2)) = L (-9, -6) so scale factor is _
UW = _ 3.
RT 2
Step 2 Graph J K L .
19. They are reciprocals. Similarity ratio of ABC to
A B C is _AB . Scale factor is _
y
 AB .
AB AB

JĪ x 20a. Should use origin as vertex of rt. ∠; 1 unit reps. 60
 KĪ    cm → 3 units rep. 180 cm; so coords. are J(0, 1),
 K(0, 0), L(3, 0).
LĪ  b. J → J (3(0), 3(1)) = J (0, 3)
K → K (3(0), 3(0)) = K (0, 0)
Step 3 Find side lengths. L → L (3(3), 3(0)) = L (9, 0)
JK = √ 2 , J K = √
1 2 + 1 2 = √ 3 2 + 3 2 = 3 √
2 y


KL = √2 + 1 = √5
2 2 
, K L = √6 + 3 = 3 √
2 2
5
JL = √ 5 , J L = √
1 2 + 2 2 = √ 3 2 + 6 2 = 3 √
5 JĪ
Step 4 Verify similarity. x

Since _
JK =_ KL =_ J L = 3, JKL ∼ J K L by  KĪ  LĪ
JK KL JL
SSS ∼.
TEST PREP
21. A
Check similarity ratio: _
2.4 = _
3 =_
-6
4 5 -10
22. H
Perimeter is a lin. measure. So P = 2P = 2(60) = 120.
23. A
AB = 4, AC = BC = √
2 2 + 4 2 = 2 √5
DE = ⎪3 - 1⎥ = 2, DF = EF = √
1 2 + 2 2 = √
5
_
DE = _
EF = _
DF = _
1
AB BC AC 2

170 Holt McDougal Geometry

24. 15 33. _RT = _
RS 34. _
VT = _
RU
A → A(3(3), 3(2)) = A(9, 6) UV US VS US
B → B(3(7), 3(5)) = B(21, 15) _
RT = _
6+2 _
=4
_
x =_ 2 =_
1
9 6 3 x+3 6 3
AB = √
12 2 + 9 2 = √
225 = 15 3RT = 36 3x = x + 3
RT = 12 2x = 3
CHALLENGE AND EXTEND
x = 1.5
25. Possible ∼ statements: XYZ ∼ MNP, MPN, VT = x = 1.5
NMP, NPM, PMN, or PNM. For each
35. ST = SV + VT

∼ statement, Z could lie either above or below XY.
=x+3+x
So there are 2(6) = 12 different . They are all
= 2x + 3
different, since MN, NP, and MP are all ≠.
= 2(1.5) + 3 = 6
26. scale factor = _ XY = _ 2 =_ 1
MP 4 2
From M to N is rise of 2 and run of 1. So from X to Z 7B READY TO GO ON?, PAGE 503
is either rise of 1 and run of _
1 or rise of -1 and
2 1. _ST = _
RT 2. _
AB = _
BD
run of _
2 (
1. Therefore Z = 1 ± _
2 ) (
1, -2 ± 1 = 1_
2
1, -1
) _
ST
QT
=_
PT
14 _
AC
4y - 1 _
=6
CD

(
or 1_ 1 , -3 .
2 ) ST + 16 14 + 12
26ST = 14(ST + 16)
5y 8
8(4y - 1) = 6(5y)
27. All corr.  of rects. are  because they are all rt. . 26ST = 14ST + 224 32y - 8 = 30y
Suppose 1st rect. has vertex on line y = 2x at (a, b). 12ST = 224 2y = 8
This pt. is a solution to the eqn., so b = 2a, and ST = 18__23 y=4
coords. of vertex are (a, 2a). Similarly, for 2nd rect., AB = 4(4) - 1 = 15
coords. of vertex on line y = 2x must be (c, 2c). AC = 5(4) = 20
y y  x 1st rect. has dimensions a
3. _
FH = _
HK
c c and 2a, and 2nd rect. has EG GJ
dimensions c and 2c. So all _
FH = _2
ratios of corr. sides = _
c. 3.6 2.4
a 2.4FH = 7.2
 a a Therefore rects. are ∼ by FH = 3 cm
 x def. −−
4. __
plan length of AB _
= 0.25 = _
1.5
AB AB 60
15 = 1.5AB
28. scale factor = _DE = _ 6 =2 AB = 10 ft
AB 3 −−
From A to C is rise of 2 and run of 1.
5. __
plan length of BC _
= 0.75 = _
1.5
 . So
2 positions for F are reflections in horiz. line DE BC BC 60
from D to F is rise of ±4 and run of 2. Therefore 45 = 1.5BC
F = (1 + 2, -1 ± 4) = (3, 3) or (3, -5). BC = 30 ft
−−
SPIRAL REVIEW
6. __
plan length of CD _
= 1 =_
1.5
29. Possible answer: 2(50) + 5 + w ≥ 250 CD CD 60
105 + w ≥ 250 60 = 1.5CD
CD= 40 ft
30. Think: DEH  FEH by HL. So by CPCTC, −−
−− −−
HF  DF
7. __
plan length of EF _
= 0.5 = _
1.5
HF = DF = 6.71 EF EF 60
30 = 1.5EF
31. Think: By Isosc.  Thm., ∠EDH  ∠EFH, so by Rt.
EF = 20 ft
∠  Thm., 3rd  Thm, and ASA, DFG  FDJ.
So by CPCTC, 8. 5 ft 3 in. = 5(12) + 3 in. = 63 in.
−− −− 5 ft 10 in. = 5(12) + 10 in. = 70 in.
JF  GD
JF = GD = 5 40 ft = 40(12) in. = 480 in.
_h =_ 480
32. Think: Use Pyth. Thm. 63 70
CF = √
CH 2 + HF 2 70h = 63(480)
h = 432 in. = 36 ft
= √
2 2 + 6.71 2 ≈ 7.00

171 Holt McDougal Geometry

 8. Let x, y be the largest and smallest parts
9. By the Dist. Formula:
respectively.
AD = √
1 2 + 2 2 = √
5 ; AB = √
2 2 + 4 2 = 2 √
5 _
x+y _ 6+3
=
AE = 
√22 2
+1 √ √
2 2
= 5 ; AC = 4 + 2 = 2 5 √ 84 3+5+6
x+y=_
84(9)
∠A  ∠A by the Reflex. Prop. of . 14
By SAS ∼, ADE ∼ ABC. x + y = 54
The sum of the smallest and largest parts is 54.

9. _
 =_
10. By the Dist. Formula: 7
RS = √ 5 ; RU = √
2 2 + 1 2 = √ 4 2 + 2 2 = 2 √
5 w 12
RT = ⎪-3 - 0⎥ = 3; RV = ⎪6 - 0⎥ = 6 =_ 7w
_
RS = _ RT = _ 1 . ∠SRT  ∠URV by the Vert. Thm. 12
P = 2 + 2w
RU RV 2
By SAS ∼, RST ∼ RUV. =2 _ ( )
7 w + 2w
12
11. y RĪ 6P = 7w + 12w
6(95) = 19w
w = 30
 =_ 7 (30) = 17.5
12
Side lengths are 17.5, 30, 17.5, 30.
PĪ QĪ
10. _ = _ 11. _10 = _
y 9 25
x s
7 3 4
  3y = 63 10s = 100
y = 21 s = 10
PQ = QR = 2; P Q = Q R = 6
PR = √
2 2 + 2 2 = 2 √
2; P R = √
6 2 + 6 2 = 6 √
2 12. _x =_9 13. _
4 =_
z-1
4 x z-1 36
_
PQ
=_=_
QR 6 = 3; _
PR =_
6 √2

=3
2
x = 36 144 = (z - 1)
2

PQ QR 2 PR 2 √2
 x = ±6 z - 1 = ±12
By SSS ∼, P Q R ∼ PQR. z = 1 ± 12
= 13 or -11
12. y CĪ

14. _12 = _ _ =_
 3x y+1 2
15.
2x 32 24 3(y + 1)
2 2
384 = 6x 3(y + 1) = 48
2
AĪ x x = 64 (y + 1) 2 = 16
  x = ±8 y + 1 = ±4
y = -1 ± 4
BĪ = 3 or -5

AB = √ 5 ; A B = √
4 2 + 2 2 = 2 √ 6 2 + 3 2 = 3 √5 LESSON 7-2
BC = √
2 2
2 + 6 = 2 √ 10 ; B C = √
3 2 + 9 2 = 3 √
10 16. _
JK = _ 8 =_ 5; _
JM = _ 5 ; all are rt , so 
PQ 4.8 3 PS 3
yes, by def. of ∼; ∼ ratio = _

AC = √6 + 4 = 2 √
2 2 
13 ; A C = √9 + 6 = 3 √
2 2
13 5 ; JKLM ∼ PQRS
_
AB =_
BC =_
AB =_
3 3

17. yes, by AA ∼; ∼ ratio = _

TU = _
AB BC AB 2 12 = 2;
By SSS ∼, A B C ∼ ABC. WX 6
TUV ∼ WXY

STUDY GUIDE: REVIEW, PAGES 504–507

1. proportion 2. dilation
3. means 4. ratio

LESSON 7-1
5. slope of m = _
1 -3 = -_
6. slope of n = _ 1
5 6 2
7. slope of p = _
6 =_
3
4 2

172 Holt McDougal Geometry

LESSON 7-3 LESSON 7-5
18. Statements Reasons 28. 3 ft = 3(12) in. = 36 in.
5 ft 4 in. = 5(12) + 4 in. = 64 in.
1. JL = _
1 JN, JK = _
1 JM 1. Given 14 ft 3 in. = 14(12) + 3 in. = 171 in.
3 3 _x =_ 171
2. _
JL = _1, _
JK = _1 2. Div. Prop. of = 64 36
JN 3 JM 3 36x = 10,944
3. _
JL = _JK 3. Trans. Prop. of = x = 304 in. = 25 ft 4 in.
JN JM
4. ∠J  ∠J 4. Reflex. Prop. of  29. _6 = _
12
5. JKL ∼ JMN 5. SAS ∼ Steps 3, 4 x 3+x
6(3 + x) = 12x
18 + 6x = 12x
19. Statements Reasons
−− −− 18 = 6x
1. QR  ST 1. Given x = 3 ft
2. ∠RQP  ∠STP 2. Alt. Int.  Thm.
3. ∠RPQ  ∠SPT 3. Vert.  Thm. LESSON 7-6
4. PQR ∼ PTS 4. AA ∼ Steps 2, 3
30. By the Dist. Formula:
20. Statements Reasons RS = √2 2 + 2 2 = 2 √2 ; RU = √4 2 + 4 2 = 4 √2
−− −−
RT = √1 + 3 = √10 ; RV = √2 + 6 = 2 √10
2 2 2 2
1. BC  CE 1. Given
2. ∠ABD  ∠C 2. Corr.  Post. _
RS = _
RT = _
1 . ∠R  ∠R by the Reflex. Prop. of .
3. ∠ADB  ∠E 3. Corr.  Post. RU RV 2
4. ABD ∼ ACE 4. AA ∼ Steps 2, 3 So RST ∼ RUV by SAS ∼.
5. _
AB = _BD 5. Def. of ∼ polygons
AC CE 31. By the Dist. Formula:
6. AB(CE) = AC(BD) 6. Cross Products Prop. JK = √2 + 1 = √5 ; JM = √8 + 4 = 4 √5
2 2 2 2

JL = ⎪2 - 4⎥ = 2; JN = ⎪-4 - 4⎥ = 8
LESSON 7-4 _
JK = _
JL = _
1 . ∠J  ∠J by the Reflex. Prop. of .
21. _
CE = _
8 22. _
ST = _
3 JM JN 4
15 12 10 9 So JKL ∼ JMN by SAS ∼.
12CE = 120 9ST = 30 _
AO = _OB
ST = 3_1 32.
CE = 10 CO OD
3 _12 = _
OB
23. _
JK = _ JL = _ EC/EA = _ED = _
1 3 18 -9
24. -108 = 18OB
JM JN 2 EB 7
Since _JK = _ Since _
EC = _
JL ED OB = -6
JM JN EA EB Since x-coord. of B is 0, B = (0, -6).
−− −−− −− −−
KL  MN by Conv. of  AB  CD by Conv. of  Scale factor = _
12 = _2.
Prop. Thm. Prop. Thm. 18 3

25. _
SU = _
SV 26. _
x+6
=_
2x 33. Image vertices are K(0, 9), L(0, 0), M(12, 0).
RU RV 30 24 By the Dist. Formula:
_
y+1
= _
2y 24(x + 6) = 30(2x) KL = 3; KL = 9; LM = 4; LM = 12
8 12 24x + 144 = 60x KM = √3 2 + 4 2 = 5; KM = √9 2 + 12 2 = 15
12(y + 1) = 8(2y) 144 = 36x All proportions = 3, so KLM ∼ KLM by SSS ∼.
12y + 12 = 16y x =4
12 = 4y AB = x + 6 + 2x
y=3 = 3x + 6 CHAPTER TEST, PAGE 508
SU = 3 + 1 = 4 = 3(4) + 6 = 18 -6 - 4 = -_
1. slope of  = _
5
SV = 2(3) = 6
10 + 6 8
27. P = a + b + c where b = a + x, c = 3 + 5 = 8
_3 = _ 5 2. _5 =_ 3.5
8 w
a a+x 5w = 28
3(a + x) = 5a
w = 5.6 in.
3a + 3x = 5a
2a = 3x 3. ∠B  ∠N and ∠C  ∠P; yes, by AA ∼;
P=a+a+x+8 ∼ ratio = _AB = _ 40 = _ 2 ; ABC ∼ MNP
= 2a + x + 8 MN 60 3
= 4x + 8 4. _
DE = _ 55 = _ 5; _
DG = _ 40 = _
5
HJ 22 2 HL 16 2
yes; since all  are rt.  and therefore ;
∼ ratio = _
5 ; DEFG ∼ HJKL by def.
2

173 Holt McDougal Geometry

5. Statements Reasons 9. 5 ft 8 in. = 5(12) + 8 in. = 68 in.
3 ft = 36 in.; 27 ft = 324 in.
1. RSTU is a .
−− −−
1. Given _h =_ 324 = 9
2. RU  ST 2. Def. of  68 36
3. ∠VRW  ∠TSW 3. Alt. Int.  Thm. h = 68(9) = 612 in. = 51 ft
4. ∠RWV  ∠SWT 4. Vert  Thm. −−
10. __ = _
plan length of AB 1.5
5. RWV ∼ SWT 5. AA ∼ Steps 3, 4
AB 30
_
1.25 = _1.5
6. _CD = _
DG 7. _
PR = _
10
AB 30
AB BG 21 18
_CD = _
6 18PR = 210 37.5 = 1.5AB
−−
PR = 11_
2.5 9 2 AB = 25 ft
9CD = 2.5(6) = 15 3
CD ≈ 1.7 ft 11. By the Dist. Formula:
_
EF = _
FG AB = √3 + 1 = √10 ; AD = √9 + 3 = 3 √10
2 2 2 2
AB BG
_
EF = _
3 AC = ⎪3 - 5⎥ = 2; AE = ⎪-1 - 5⎥ = 6
2.5 9 _
AB = _
AC = _
1 . ∠A  ∠A by the Reflex. Prop. of .
9FG = 7.5 AD AE 3
FG ≈ 0.8 ft So JKL ∼ JMN by SAS ∼.

8. _
YW = _
WZ 12. y
XY XZ 
__t
_2 =_t-2
8 12.8 x

12.8 _()
t = 8(t - 2)  
2
6.4t = 8t - 16
16 = 1.6t
t = 10
YW = _ t =5
2
WZ = t - 2 = 8

174 Holt McDougal Geometry