Chapter 5

5.1.1:
5-7. x ! 7.50 and y ! 8.04 units; Sine or cosine could be used to get the first
leg, then any one of the trig ratios or the Pythagorean Theorem to get the other.

5-8. a: False (a rhombus and square are counterexamples)

b: True
c: False (it does not mention that the lines must be parallel, so a counterexample
with two non-parallel lines cut by a transversal can be drawn.)

5-9. a: (0.8)(0.8) = 0.64 = 64% b: (0.8)(0.2) = 0.16 = 16%

5-10. area = 74 sq. un, perimeter = 47.66 units

5-11. a: x = !3 b: m = 10 c: p = !4 or 2
3
d: x = 23

5.1.2:

5-16. a: sin 22° = 17x ,!!x ! 6.37 b: tan 49° = 7x ,!!x ! 6.09
c: cos 60° = 6x ,!!x = 3

5-17. ! 26.92 feet

5-18. a: a possible area model:

1
b: 4

c: 1
9
+ 16 + 16 + 1
4
= 25
36
! 69%

5-19: a: False (a 30°- 60°- 90° triangle is a counterexample)

b: False (this is only true for rectangles and parallelograms)
c: True

5-20. !ABC ~ !EFD by SAS ~

5.1.3:
5-26. a: x = ±5 b: all numbers c: x = 2 d: no solution

5-27. ! 11.5 seconds

5-28. a: 83 b: 18 c: 3
8
d: 1
8
The sum must be equal to one.

5-29. area ! 294.55 square units, perimeter ! 78.21 units

5-30. 9.38 minutes

5.1.4:
5-36. All of the triangles are similar. They are all equilateral triangles.

5-37. Since tan(33.7°) ! 23 ,!y = 23 x + 7 .

5-38. a: sin ! = b
a
b: tan ! = a
b
c: cos! = a
b

4 = 1
5-39. a: 20 5
4
b: 5
, Since the sum of the probabilities of finding the ring and not finding the
ring is 1, you can subtract 1 ! 1
5
= 4
5
.
4 = 1
c: No, his probability is still 20 5
because the ratio of the shaded region to the
whole sandbox is unchanged.

5-40. a: cos 23° = 18x or 0.921 = 18

x
b: Since 67° is complementary to 23°, then sin 67° = cos 23° . So sin 67° ! 0.921 .
5.2.1:
5-46. a: A = 1 square units, P = 2 + 2 2 units
b: A = 25 3
2
! 21.65 square units, P = 15 + 5 3 ! 23.66 units

5-47. a: y = 111°,!x = 53° b: y = 79°,!x = 47°

c: y = 83°,!x = 53° d: y = 3°,!x = 3 2 units

5-48. a: 4 2 units; students can use the Pythagorean Theorem or can use the fact that
it is a 45°- 45°- 90° triangle.
b: It is a trapezoid; 24 square units

5-49. a: Answers vary. Sample responses: x < 3 , x is even, etc.

b: the length of each leg is 6 units

5-50. a; not similar b: SAS ~ c: SSS ~ d: SSS ~ or SAS ~

5.2.2:
5-56. a: 16 units b: 4 units and 4 2 units
c: 24 units d: 10 and 10 3 units

5-57. a: m!A = 35°,!m!B = 35°,!m!ACB = 110° , m!D = 35° , m!E = 35° ,

m!DCE = 110°
b: Answers vary. Once all the angles are found, State which pairs of
corresponding angles have equal measure, such as m!D = m!A , to reach the
conclusion that !ABC ~ !DEC by AA ~ or SAS ~.
c: They are both correct. Since both triangles are isosceles, we cannot tell if one
is the reflection or the rotation of the other (after dilation).

5-58. cos 52° = bc ,!tan 52° = ba ,!cos 38° = a

c

5-59. 14
27
= x ,!x
40
! 20.74 inches

1 3
5-60. a: 2
b: 0 c: 4
d: 1
5.3.1:
5-67. ! 61°

5-68. a: impossible because a leg is longer than the hypotenuse

b: impossible because the sum of the angles is more than 180°

5-69. William is correct.

5-70. a: A!("3, "6),! B!("5, "4),! C !(0, "4) b: A!(3, 3),! B!(1,1),! C !(1, 6)

5-71. a: x = 16
5
b: no solution c: x = !11 or 3 d: x = 288

5-72. b is correct; if two sides of a triangle are congruent, the angles opposite them must
be equal.

5.3.2:
5-79. They must have equal length. Since a side opposite a larger angle must be longer
than a side opposite a smaller angle, sides opposite equal angles must be the same
length.

5-80. ! 10.6 units

5-81. 72 square units

5-82. 12.6

5-83. 36%

5-84. (!2, 4)
5.3.3:
y
5-89. a: 29% b: cos 29° = 42
,!y ! 36.73

5-90. a: (!1, !2) b: (4, !4) c: (3, 4)

5-91. a: It uses circular logic.

b: The arrow between “Marcy likes chocolate” and “Marcy likes Whizzbangs”
should be reversed. The arrow connecting “Marcy likes chocolate” and
“Whizzbangs are 100% chocolate” should be removed.

5-92. tan !1 ( 43 ) " 36.87°

1 1
5-93. a: 12
b: 3

5-94. C

5.3.4:
5-100. a: The diagram should be a triangle with sides marked 116 ft. and 224 ft. and the
angle between them marked 58°.
b: ! 190 feet

5-101. a: Corresponding angles have equal measure.

b: The ratio of corresponding sides is constant, so corresponding sides are
proportional.

5-102. y = (tan 25°)x + 4 or y ! 0.466x + 4

5-103. It must be longer than 5 and shorter than 23 units.

5-104. 7 years

5-105. B
5.3.5:
5-114. The third side is 12.2 units long. The angle opposite the side of length 10 is
approximately 35.45°, while the angle opposite the side of length 17 is
approximately 99.55°.

5-115. x ! 11.3 units; Methods include using the Pythagorean Theorem to set up the
equation x 2 + x 2 = 16 2 , using the 45°- 45°- 90° triangle shortcut to divide 16 by
2 , or to use sine or cosine to solve using a trigonometric ratio.

5-116. No, because to be a rectangle, the parallelogram needs to have 4 right angles.
Possible counterexample: a parallelogram without 4 right angles.

5-117. a: P ! 40.32 units, A = 72 sq. units b: P = 30 units, A = 36 sq. units

5-118. A(2, 4),!B(6, 2),!C(4, 5)

5-119. y = 3
4
x+4

5-120. a: m!ABE = 80°,!m!EBC = 60°,!m!BCE = 40°,!m!ECD = 80°! ,

m!DEC = 40°,!m!CEB = 80°,!m!BEA = 60°
b: 360°

5-121. a: ! 8.64 cm b: PS = SR = 5.27 cm, so the perimeter is ! 25.5 cm

5-122. area ! 21.86 sq. units, perimeter ! 24.59 units

5-123. a: (0.7)(0.7) = 0.49 = 49% b: (0.3)(0.7) = 0.21 = 21%

5-124. a: 5 + 20 + 37 ! 15.55 units b: ! 31.11 c: (!2, 0)

5-125. a: x = 45
4
= 11.25 b: x = !10 or x = 10
c: x = 1.3 d: no solution
 Chapter 6
6.1.1:
6-4. a: alternate interior angles b: vertical angles
c: !u!&!!z , !s!&!!x , !v!&!!w , and !t !&!!y

6-5. a: They are similar by SAS~.

b: Yes, because they are similar and the corresponding sides have a ratio of 1.

6-6. 3x + 1° + 52° = 180°,!x = 127

3
= 42.33°

6-7. a: 8 b: ! 14.97 c: ! 15.2

6-8. 1a and 1b: statements ii and iv

2: The cupcakes are burned
3: The fans will not buy the cupcakes because they are burned
4: The team will not have enough money for uniforms

6-9. A

6.1.2:
6-13. a = 97°,!b = 15°,!c = 68°,!d = 68°

6-14. a: ! 3.75 , tangent

b: 7 2 ! 9.9 , Pythagorean Theorem or 45° ! 45° ! 90! ratios
c: ! 9.54 , Law of Cosines

6-15. a: 25 units b: 56 square units and 350 square units

6-16. a: A!("2, "7),! B!("5, "8),! C !("3, "1) b: A!!(2, 7),! B!!(5, 8),! C !!(3,1)
c: reflecting across the y-axis

6-17. Let B represent the measure of angle B. Then (3B + 5°) + B + (B ! 20°) = 180° , so
m!A = 122° , m!B = 39° , and m!C = 19° .

6-18. A
6.1.3:
6-24. Reasoning can vary. Sample responses:
a: a = 123° , when lines are // , corr. ! s are =, b = 123° , when lines are // , alt.
int. ! s are =, c = 57° , suppl. ! s
b: all = 98°, suppl. ! s, then °, when lines are // , alt. int. ! s = and corres. or
vert. ! s =
c: g = h = 75° , °, when lines are // , alt. int. or corres. ! s =, then vert. ! s =

6-25. a: 40%
b: To make only one freethrow, Vicki needs to make the first and miss the
second. This probability is 0.6 · 0.4 = 0.24 or 24%. The probability of her
scoring two free-throws is 0.6 · 0.6 = 0.36 or 36%. Therefore, she has a
greater chance of scoring two points than one. This is a counter-intuitive result
that could benefit from some discussion in class at a later point if time allows.

6-26. a: x = !4 and y = 0 b: No solution; the lines are parallel.

6-27. 4
10
= 5 ,!x
x+5
= 7.5

6-28. b: The perimeter of both triangles is ! 48.25 units

c: ! 32.9° and ! 57.1°

6-29. C
6.1.4:
6-35. Justifications and order may vary: a = 53° , given; b = 55° , straight angle (with
!g ); c = 72° , triangle angle sum; d = 53° , when lines are parallel, alternate
interior angles are equal; e = 55° , when lines are parallel, alternate interior angles
are equal; f = 127° , straight angle (with !a ), so they are supplementary.

6-36. x-intercept (4, 0) , y-intercept (0, 6)

6-37. a: For left-hand triangle: c 2 = 9 + 36 ! 2 " 3 " 6 cos 60° , c = 3 3 ! 5.196 units;
For right-hand triangle: c 2 = 36 + 27 ! 2 " 6 " 3 3 cos 30° , c = 3 units; They
are congruent.
b: Yes; by SSS ! or SAS ! .

6-38. a: converse: If the ground is wet, then it is raining. Not always true.
b: converse: If a polygon is a rectangle, then it is a square. Not always true.
c: converse: If a polygon has four 90° angles, then it is a rectangle. Not always true.
d: converse: If a polygon is a triangle, then it has three angles. Always true.
e: converse: If vertical angles are congruent, then two lines intersect. Always true.

6-39. b: 14
22
= 10x ,!x ! 15.71

6-40. sin 40° = h ,!h

600
! 385.67 feet

6.2.1:
6-43. a: x ! 45.56 b: x ! 10.63 c: x ! 266.49 d: x = 5

6-44. 9 square units; One way: Find AC = 5 and then calculate 12 (5)(3.6) , or can use
BC as the base and calculate 12 (2 + 4)(3) .

6-45. a: m = 33,!n = 36
b: area (small) = 378 square units, perimeter (small) = 80 units,
area (big) = 850.5 square units, and perimeter (big) = 120 units

6-46. a: similar because of AA~

b: neither because angles not equal
c: congruent because of ASA ! or AAS !

6-47. a: ! 71.56° b: y = x + 3 c: (1, 4)

6-48. D
6.2.2:
6-50. a: lines l and m are parallel because alternate interior angles are equal
b: line n is perpendicular to line m because w + k = 180° and if w = k , then each
is 90°
c: no special statements can be made because vertical lines are always equal
d: lines l and m cannot be parallel because otherwise z + k = 180° .

6-51. a: !ABC ~ !DEF (AA~) b: !MON " !PQR (AAS ! or ASA ! )

c: neither congruent nor similar because m!J ! 62° . If m!J = 62° , then
m!L = 180° ! 2 " 62° = 56° . Since sin556° ! sin872° , this triangle cannot exist.
!##" !##"
6-52. a: It is a trapezoid. The slope of WZ equals the slope of XY .
b: ! 18.3 units c: (!9,1) d: 2

6-53. Because alternate interior angles are congruent, the angle of depression equals the
angle formed by the line of sight and the ground. Then tan ! = 52
38
,!! " 53.85° .

6-54. c 2 and a 2 + b 2

6-55. B

6.2.3:
6-61. a: Yes, because parallel lines assure us that the alternate interior angles are
congruent. Since corresponding angles in the triangles have equal measure,
the triangles are similar by AA ~.
x = x+2 ,!x = 10
b: 20 24

6-62. a: x = 4 b: x = 55°
c: x = 23° and y = 43° d: x = 5.5 and y = 45.2

6-63. area ! 100.55 square units, perimeter ! 43.36 units

6-64. a: 288 feet by 256 feet

b: area of shape = 59.5 square units, area of island = 60, 928 square units

6-65. a: Yes because of AAS ! or ASA ! ; !DEF " !LJK

b: reflection and rotation
c: x ! 4.3

6-66. C
6.2.4:
6-71. a: congruent (HL ! or SAS ! ) b: congruent (AAS ! )
c: not necessarily congruent d: congruent (SAS ! )

6-72. a: x + 4x ! 2° = 90°,!x = 18.4 (complementary angles)

b: 2m + 3° + m ! 1° + m + 9° = 180°,!m = 42.25 (Triangle Angle Sum Theorem)
c: 7k ! 6° = 3k + 18°,!k = 6 (vertical angles are equal)
d: x
16
= 13
8 ,!x ! 9.8
(corresponding parts of similar figures have equivalent ratios)

6-73. x = 11;!m!ABC = 114°

3 3
6-74. a: 4
or 75% b: 20
or 15% c: 1 or 100%

6-75. c = 10 because of substitution

6-76. D

6.2.5:
6-82. a: 5x + 3 = 4x + 9 because if lines are parallel, then alternate interior angles are
equal, x = 6°
b: q = t because if lines are parallel, then corresponding angles are equal;
c + t = 180° because if lines are parallel, then same-side interior angles are
supplementary; 66°
c: 180° ! 88° = 92°;!g + q = 180° because when lines are parallel, same-side
interior angles are supplementary.

6-83. Methods vary.

a: x ! 10.73 b: x ! 7.86 c: x ! 15.3

6-84. a: x = 4 b: x ! 8.1
c: not enough information d: x ! 10.67

6-85. a: x = 15° b: k = 5
c: t = 9° and w = 131° d: x ! 49.94°

6-86. B
 Chapter 7
7.1.1:
7-6. a. They are congruent by ASA ! or AAS !
b: AC ! 9.4 units and DF = 20 units

7-7. Relationships used will vary, but may include alternate interior angles, Triangle
Angle Sum Theorem, etc.; a = 26°,!b = 65°,!c = 26°,!d = 117°

7-8. width = 60 mm, area = 660mm 2

7-9. a quadrilateral

7-10. a: (6, !13) b: not possible, these curves do not intersect

7.1.2:

7-14. Using the Pythagorean Theorem, AB = 8 and JH = 5 . Then, since 3

6
= 4
8
= 10
5
,
!ABC ~ !HGJ because of SSS ~.

7-15. 7 units

7-16. a: 3m = 5m ! 28,!m = 14° b: 3x + 38° + 7x ! 8° = 180°,!x = 15°

c: 2(n + 4) = 3n ! 1,!n = 9 un d: 2(3x + 12) = 11x ! 1,!x = 5 un

7-17. Rotating about the midpoint of a base forms a hexagon (one convex and one
non-convex). Rotating the trapezoid about the midpoint of either of the non-base
sides forms a parallelogram.

7-18. a: 10 units b: (!1, 4)

c: 5 units, it must be half of AB because C is the midpoint of AB .
7.1.3:
7-26. a: The 90° angle is reflected so m!XZY ! = 90° . Then m!YZY ! = 180° .
b: They must be congruent because rigid transformations (such as reflection) do
not alter shape or size of an object.
c: XY ! XY " , XZ ! XZ , YZ ! Y "Z , !Y ! !Y " , !YXZ ! !Y "XZ and
!YZX ! !Y "ZX

7-27. M (0, 7) ; A variety of methods are possible

7-28. a: The triangles are similar because corresponding sides are proportional
(SSS ~).
b: The triangles are similar because parallel lines assure that corresponding
angles have equal measure (AA ~).
c: Not enough information is provided.
d: The triangles are congruent by AAS or ASA .

7-29. a: It is a parallelogram; opposite sides are parallel.

b: 63.4°; They are equal.
c: AC :!y = 12 x + 12 ,!BD :!y = !x + 5 : No
d: (3, 2)

7-30. a: No solution; lines are parallel.

b: (0, 3) and (4,11)

7-31. Side length = 50 units, diagonal is 50 ! 2 = 100 = 10 units

7-32. a: It is a rhombus. It has four sides of length 5 units.

b: HJ :!y = !2x + 8 and GI :! 12 x + 3
c: They are perpendicular.
d: (6, !1)
e: 20 square units

7-33. a: 6n ! 3° = n + 17°,!n = 4°
b: 7x ! 19° + 3x + 14° = 180° so x = 18.5° . Then 5y ! 2° = 7(18.5) ! 19° , so
y = 22.5° .
c: 5w + 36° + 3w = 180°,!w = 18°
d: k 2 = 15 2 + 25 2 ! 2(15)(25)cos120°,!k = 35

7-34. ! 35.24 units

1 5
7-35. a: 8
b: 6
7.1.4:
7-39. 360° ÷ 36° = 10 sides b: regular decagon

7-40. If the diagonals intersect at E, then BE = 12 mm, since the diagonals are
perpendicular bisectors. Then !ABE is a right triangle and
AE = 15 2 ! 12 2 = 9 mm. Thus, AC = 18 mm.

7-41. Yes, she is correct. One way: Show that the lengths on both sides of the
midpoint are equal and that (2, 4) lies on the line that connects (–3, 5) and (7, 3) .

7-42. (a) and (c) are correct because if the triangles are congruent, then corresponding
parts are congruent. Since alternate interior angles are congruent, then AB ! DE .

7-43. AB = 40 ! 6.32,!BC = 34 ! 5.83, therefore C is closer to B.

7.2.1:
7-49. a: x = 8.5° b: x = 11 c: x = 14°

7-50. a: 360° ÷ 72° = 5 sides b : 360° ÷ 9 = 40°

7-51. ! 36.4 feet from the point on the street closest to the Art Museum

7-52. a: x + x + 82° = 180°,!x = 49° b: 2(71°) + x = 180°,!x = 38°

7-53. a: similar (SSS ~) b: congruent (ASA ! or AAS ! )

c: congruent, because if the Pythagorean Theorem is used to solve for each
unknown side, then 3 pairs of corresponding sides are congruent; thus, the
triangles are congruent by SSS !
d: similar (AA ~) but not congruent since the two sides of length 12 are not
corresponding
7.2.2:
7-58. 4x ! 1 = x + 8,!x = 3;!!5y + 2 = 22,!y = 4

7-59. a: 83° b: 92°

7-60. a: It is a parallelogram, because MN ! PQ and NP ! MQ

b: (1, !5)

7-61.

7-62.
7.2.3:
7-66. a: congruent (SSS ! ) b: not enough information
c: congruent (ASA ! ) d: congruent (HL ! )

7-67. a: It is possible.
b: Same-side interior angles should add up to 180°.
c: One pair of alternate interior angles are equal, but the other is not for the same
pair of lines cut by a transversal; or, the vertical angles are not equal.

7-68. a: Yes, HL ! b: 18°, 4

c: tan18° = AD
4 ,!AD ! 12.3 units
d: ! 49.2 square units

7-69. a: Parallelogram because the opposite sides are parallel.

!##" !##"
b: AC :!y = 43 x;!BD :!y = ! 23 x + 9

7-70. a: 2x + 52° = 180°,!64° b: 4x ! 3° + 3x + 1° = 180°,!26°

c: sin 77°
x
= sin 72° ,!x
8
! 8.2 d: 5x + 6° = 2x + 21°,!x = 5°

7.2.4:
7-72. 36 3 ! 62.4 square units

7-73. No; using the Pythagorean Theorem and the Law of Cosines, the perimeter of the
triangle is ! 26.3 feet.

7-74. a: congruent (SAS ! ) and x = 2 b: congruent (HL ! ) and x = 32

7-75. A = 24 square units

7-76. ! 103.8 meters

7.2.5:
7-83. b: Since corresponding parts of congruent triangles are congruent, 2y + 7 = 21
and y = 7 .

7-84. m!a = 132°,!m!b = 108°,!m!c = 120°,!m!a + m!b + m!c = 360°

7-85. AB ! CD and AB ! CD (given), so !BAC ! !DCA (alt. int. angles). AC ! CA

(Reflexive Property) so !ABC " !CDA (SAS ! ). !BCA ! !DAC
( ! " s !" parts). Thus, BC ! AD BC // AD (if alt. int. angles are congruent, then
the lines cut by the transversal are congruent).

7-86. A = 42 square units, P ! 30.5 units

7-87. a: !ADC ; AAS ! or ASA ! b: !SQR ; HL !

c: no solution, only angles are congruent d: !TZY ; SAS ! and vertical angles
e: !GFE ; alternate interior angles equal and ASA !
f: !DEF , SSS !
7.2.6:
7-94. a: The triangles should be ! by SSS ! but 80° ! 50° .
b: The triangles should be ! by SAS ! but 80° ! 90° and 40° ! 50° .
c: The triangles should be ! by SAS ! but 10 ! 12 .
d: Triangle is isosceles but the base angles are not equal.
e: The large triangle is isosceles but base angles are not equal.
f: The triangles should be ! by SAS ! but sides 13 ! 14 .

7-95. a: 12 b: 15 c: 15.5

7-96.

7-97. This problem is similar to the Interior Design problem (7-19). Her sink should be
located 3 23 feet from the right front edge of the counter. This will make the
perimeter ! 25.6 feet, which will meet industry standards.

7.3.1:
7-102. a: (4.5, 3) b: (!3,1.5) c: (1.5, !2)

7-103. a: !SHR ~ !SAK by AA~ b: 2HR = AK,!2SH = SA,!SH = HA

c: 6 units

7-104. a: !CED ; vertical angles are equal, ASA !

b: !EFG ; SAS !
c: !HJK;!HI + IJ = LK + KJ,!!J " !J ; SAS !
d: not ! , all corresponding pairs of angles equal is not sufficient

7-105. No, her conclusion in Statement #3 depends on Statement #4, and thus must
follow it.

7-106. a: must be a quadrilateral with all four sides of equal length

b: must be a quadrilateral with two pairs of opposite sides that are parallel
7.3.2:
7-112. Multiple answers are possible. Any order is valid as long as Statement #1 is first,
Statement #6 is last, and Statement #4 follows both Statements #2 and #3.
Statements #2, #3, and #5 are independent of each other and can be in any order
as long as #2 and #3 follow Statement #1.

7-113. a: 6 b: 3 c: !6.5

7-114. a: yes, by SAS~ b: !FGH ! !FIJ,!!FHG ! FJI

c: Yes, because corresponding angles are congruent and because of the Triangle
Midsegment Theorem.
d: 2(4x ! 3) = 3x + 14 , so x = 4 and GH = 4(4) ! 3 = 13 units

7-115. a: a right triangle. Some students may also call it a slope triangle.
b: B! is at (2, 7) . ABCB! is a kite.

7-116. a: Must be: trapezoid. Could be: isosceles trapezoid, parallelogram, rhombus,
rectangle, and square.
b: Must be: parallelogram. Could be: rhombus, rectangle, and square.

7.3.3:
7-119. a: (8, 8) b: (6.5, 6) c: (1, 8.5) d: (2, 4)

7-120. a: X and Y b: Y and Z

7-121. a: Must be: none. Could be: right trapezoid, rectangle, square.
b: Must be: none. Could be: Kite, rhombus, square.

7-122. a: 360° ÷ 18° = 20 sides

b: It can measure 90° (which forms a square). It cannot be 180° (because this
polygon would only have 2 sides) or 13° (because 13 does not divide evenly
into 360°).

7-123. It must be a 30°- 60°- 90° triangle because it is a right triangle and the hypotenuse
is twice the length of a leg.
 Chapter 8
8.1.1:
8-6. a: 110° b: 70° c: 48° d: 108°

8-7. a: The measure of an exterior angle of a triangle equals the sum of the measures
of its remote interior angles.
b: a + b + c = 180° (the sum of the interior angles of a triangle is 180°),
x + c = 180° (straight angle); therefore, a + b + c = x + c (substitution) and
a + b = x a + b = x (subtracting c from both sides).

8-8. x = 72° and y = 54°

8-9. 360° ÷ 15° = 24

8-10. a: ! (SAS ! ), x = 79° b: cannot be determined

c: ! (AAS ! ), x ! 5.9 units d: ! (SAS ! ), x ! 60.9°

8-11. a: True b: False (counterexample is a quadrilateral without parallel sides)

c: True d: True
e: False (counterexample is a parallelogram that is not a rhombus)

8.1.2:
8-16. a: isosceles right triangle, because AC = BC and AC ! BC
b: 45°, methods vary

8-17. a = 87°,!b = 83°,!c = 96°,!d = 94°;!360°

8-18. A = 40.5!un 2 , P ! 27.7 units

8-19. (!5,1) , (!3, 7) , and (!6, 2)

8-20.

8-21. B
8.1.3:
8-27. a: A = 36 sq. ft, P = 28 ft b: A = 600 sq. cm, P ! 108.3 cm

8-28. QP = RS and PR = SQ (given), QR = QR (Reflexive Property), so

!PQR " !SRQ (SSS ! ) and !P ! !S ( ! "s #! parts ).

8-29. a: isosceles triangle

b: The central vertex must be 360° ÷ 10 = 36° . The other two angles must be
equal since the triangle is isosceles. Therefore, (180° ! 36°) ÷ 2 = 72° .
c: 10 !14.5 = 145 square inches

8-30. (6.5, 5)

8-31. a: The region can be rearranged into a rectangle with dimensions 14 and 7 units.
b: 14(7) = 98 square units

8-32. B

8.1.4:
8-37. The reflections are all congruent triangles with equal area. Therefore, the total
area is (6)(11.42) = 68.52 square inches.

8-38. a: non-convex b: convex c: convex d: non-convex

8-39. a: 64un 2 b: ! 27.0un 2 c: 8 3 ! 13.9un 2

8-40. a: 3 b: 15 c: 4 d: 9

8-41. a: A = 192cm 2 , P = 70cm

b: The length of each side is 9 times the corresponding side in the floor plan.
A = 15, 552!cm 2 and P = 630 cm.
c: The ratio is 91 = 9 ; the ratio of the perimeters equals the zoom factor
d: The ratio of the areas is 81
1
= 81 . The ratio of the areas equals the square of
the zoom factor (9 2 ) .

8-42. D
8.1.5:
8-49. a: The interior and exterior angles must be supplementary. Therefore,
180° ! 20° = 160° .
b: Possible ways: Use 360° ÷ 20° = 18 sides or solve the equation
180(n!2)
n
= 160° to find n = 18 .

8-50. a: x = 18,!y = 9 3 b: x = 24 2,!y = 24

c: x = 8 = 8 3
3
,!y = 16 = 163 3
3 3

8-51. Since the diagonals of a parallelogram bisect each other, they must intersect at the
midpoint of BD. Thus, they intersect at (6, 21).

8-52. A = 100 3 ! 173.2!mm 2

8-53. a: ± 17
5
! ±1.84 b: w ! 2.17 and !1.57
c: no solution possible

8-54. E

8-55. a: 60° b: 82° c: 14° d: 117°

8-56. a: equilateral triangle b: rectangle

c: nonagon d: rhombus or kite

8-57. The x-coordinate must be 6, but the y-coordinate could be 6 3 or !6 3 .

8-58. a: Yes; since BC = BC (Reflexive Property), AB ! DC (given), and

!ABC ! DCB (given), then !ABC " !DCB (SAS ! ). Therefore, AC = DB
( ! "s #! parts ).
b: No; the relationships in the figure are true even if points B and C were
“hinged,” as long as the two angles remain congruent. See the diagram for
problem 8-28 for a similar diagram.

8-59. a: (!2.5, 0) and (3, 0)

b: The graph of y = !(2x 2 ! x ! 15) would be the reflection of y = 2x 2 ! x ! 15
across the x-axis because each y-value would have its sign changed.

8-60. D
8.2.1:
8-65. a: A = 34un 2 , P ! 25.7 units b: A = 306 un 2 , P ! 77 units
c: ratio of the perimeters = 3 ; ratio of the areas = 9

8-66. 80 inches or ! 6.67 feet

8-67. The area of the hexagon ! 23.4 ft 2 . Adding the rectangles makes the total
area ! 41.4 ft 2 .

8-68. a: Reasoning will vary, but it is most likely that you will earn more extra credit if
the class spins the spinner with the options of 5 and 10 points.
b: Reasoning will vary, but now the first spinner is definitely more attractive.

8-69. 4x 2 = 2x 2 + 17x ! 30,!x = 2.5 or 6: yes, there are two possible answers.

8-70. B

8.2.2:
3
8-76. a: 4
b: rp c: ar 2

8-77. a: ! 403.1!cm 2 b: ! 100.8 cm 2

8-78. a: 5 + 1 = 6 , so two sides will collapse on the third side.

b: Answers vary. One solution is 2, 5, and 6.

8-79.

8-80. a: AAS !,!"ABC ! "DCB b: ASA !,!"ABC ! "EDC

8-81. D
8.3.1:
8-85. Area of the entire pentagon ! 172.05!un 2 , so the shaded
area ! 53 (172.05) ! 103.23!un 2 .

8-86. a: x = 14 3 , 30°-60°·-90° pattern b: x ! 5.78 , Law of Sines

c: No solution because the hypotenuse must be the longest side
d: 24 units, triangle angle formula

8-87. 168°

8-88. BC ! DC and !A ! !E (given) and !BCA ! !DCE (vertical angles are ! ). So

!ABC " !EDC (AAS ! ) and AB ! ED ( ! "s #! parts ).

8-89. a: (1.5, 5) b: y = 4
3
x+3 c: 15 units

8-90. B

8.3.2:
8-96. (100 ! 25" ) ÷ 4 # 5.37 square units

8-97. a: 8 b: 18

8-98. a: x = 26 ; if lines are parallel and cut by a transversal, then alternate interior
angles are equal.
b: x = 33,!n = 59° ; if lines are parallel and cut by a transversal, then same-side
exterior angles are supplementary.

8-99. a: 20 b: ! 126.3!un 2

8-100. The area of the hexagon is 24 3 units, so the side length of the square is
24 3 ! 6.45 units.

8-101. D
8.3.3:

8-106. 360° ! 40° = 320° , so 320

360
= 8
9
! 89% .

8-107. a: C = 28! !un,!A = 196! !un 2 b: C = 10! !un,!A = 25! !un 2

c: diameter = 100 un, radius = 50 un

8-108.

8-109. a ! 3, b ! 1, c ! 4, d ! 2

8-110. a: !3 b: !4 c: 3 and !3 d: 2 and !2

8-111. D

8-112. a: (55)(60) + 900! " 6127.4 square feet

b: 110 + 60! " 298.5 feet, 298.5 ! 8 = $2387.96 or approximately $2,388
c: Area is four times as big ! 24, 509.6 square feet; perimeter is twice as big
! 597 units.

8-113. a: x + x + 125° + 125° + 90° = 540°,!x = 100°

b: 6x + 18° = 2x + 12°,!x = 3°

8-114. a: CD = 22 , BC = 7 , and ED = 6 ; the perimeter is 22 + 14 + 12 = 48 units

b: 54(4) = 216!cm 2

8-115. a: 16 3 ! 27.71 square units b: 36 square units, more

c: 24 3 ! 41.57 square units; its area is greater than both the square and the
equilateral triangle.
d: a circle

8-116. a: 2! r = 24;!r = 12
!
;!A = 144
!
" 45.84 square units
b: 2! r = 18! ;!r = 9;!A = 81! " 254.47 square units

8-117. E