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The Internet and Its Use-Chapter 5

The document provides an overview of key concepts related to the Internet and the World Wide Web, highlighting the distinction between the two, the role of URLs, and how web pages are retrieved using HTML and DNS. It also explains the function of cookies, detailing the differences between session cookies and persistent cookies, including their uses for user tracking and preference storage. This serves as a reference for Year 11 Computer Science students studying these fundamental topics.

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9 views2 pages

The Internet and Its Use-Chapter 5

The document provides an overview of key concepts related to the Internet and the World Wide Web, highlighting the distinction between the two, the role of URLs, and how web pages are retrieved using HTML and DNS. It also explains the function of cookies, detailing the differences between session cookies and persistent cookies, including their uses for user tracking and preference storage. This serves as a reference for Year 11 Computer Science students studying these fundamental topics.

Uploaded by

Saima
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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COMPUTER SCIENCE YEAR 11 TERM 2 NOTES AND REFERENCE MATERIALS

A. THE INTERNET AND THE WORLD WIDE WEB (WWW). CHAPTER 5.


I. The Difference Between the Internet and WWW.
Internet is defined as Interconnection of Networks. (it is basically the worldwide collection
of interconnected networks). It relies on physical infrastructure that allows networks and
individual devices to connect to each other.

Below is a pictorial illustration.

The World Wide Web (WWW), is only a service of the internet that users can access using
a web browser i.e Internet Explorer, google chrome. www consists of a wide collection of
web pages and is based on the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP).
For Differences Refer to Table 5.1-Page 181 in your text book.

II. UNIFORM RESOURCE LOCATORS (URL).


Web browsers are softwares that allows users to access and display web pages. (A
browser interprets HTML tags into a webpage that users can see and understand).
URL’s are text addresses used to access websites (A website is a collection of interlinked
web pages). URL is typed in browsers address bar in the following format.

Protocol://website address/path/file name.


Example: http://www.facebook.com/profiles/login_page.html

Protocol is usually HTTP or HTTPS. These are set of rules that must be obeyed when
transferring files across the internet.
URL Pictorial Illustration

III. RETRIEVAL AND LOCATION OF WEB PAGES.


HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) is a language used to display web content on the
browser. All websites are designed using HTML and a website is hosted by a web server.
To retrieve a website, a browser must know the IP address of the webserver hosting the
website.
DNS. The Domain Name Server (Domain Name System), is a system for finding IP address
for the domain name given in the URL.
I.e It will convert www.facebook.com to IP such as 108.10.9.5
How DNS works: The DNS server contain a database of URL with the matching IP Adress.
Refer: Figure 5.3 page 183.

IV. COOKIES.
Are small files stored on users computers. They are sent by a web server to a browser on
user computers. Every time a user visits a website, it checks if it has set a cookie on their
browser before. Cookies allow user tracking and maintain user preferences.

2 TYPES OF COOKIES.

A. SESSION COOKIE.
This type of cookie is stored in temporally memory of the computer and does not
collect any information from the users computers and doesn’t personally identify a
user. They are active only when a user opens a web browser, once the browser is
closed the session is terminated.

B. PERSISTENT (PERMANENT) SESSION


This cookie remembers a users login details. They are stored on the hard drive of users
computer until the expiry date is reached or the user deletes it. The cookie remain in
action on the computer even after the browser is closed.
Use of Persistent Cookies:
- It allows website to remember user password.
- It serves as memory, allowing websites to recognize a user every time they visit a
website.
- Store users preferences.

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