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Scalp

The scalp is the soft tissue covering the skull, extending from the eyebrows to the superior nuchal line and superior temporal lines. It consists of five layers: skin, connective tissue, epicranial aponeurosis, loose connective tissue, and pericranium, and is supplied by various arteries and nerves. The occipito-frontalis muscle, responsible for scalp movement, is innervated by the facial nerve, while venous drainage occurs through several veins that ultimately connect to the internal and external jugular veins.

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8 views5 pages

Scalp

The scalp is the soft tissue covering the skull, extending from the eyebrows to the superior nuchal line and superior temporal lines. It consists of five layers: skin, connective tissue, epicranial aponeurosis, loose connective tissue, and pericranium, and is supplied by various arteries and nerves. The occipito-frontalis muscle, responsible for scalp movement, is innervated by the facial nerve, while venous drainage occurs through several veins that ultimately connect to the internal and external jugular veins.

Uploaded by

mohamedgamexyx0
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Scalp

Definition: It is the soft tissues covering


the vault of the skull.

Extent:

• Anteriorly: the eyebrows.


• Posteriorly: superior nuchal line and
external occipital protuberance.
• Laterally: the superior temporal lines.

Layers: SCALP

Layer Description
1- Skin pierced by the hairs & contains numerous sebaceous glands
2- Connective It contains the blood vessels and nerves of the scalp
tissue
3-Epicranial gives attachment to occipitofrontalis muscle.
aponeurosis Attachment of the aponeurosis:
• Anteriorly: skin of eyebrows through frontal bellies.
• Posteriorly: two occipital bellies, external occipital
protuberance and the superior nuchal line
• Laterally: the superior temporal line.
4-Loose is closed posterior but open anterior into eyelid because the
connective frontalis is attached to skin of eyebrow so scalp injury blood
tissue: will move in the subaponeurotic space to upper lid causing
black eye
5- Periosteum covering the outer surface of the skull
pericranium

Muscle of the scalp: Occipito-frontalis muscle

It consists of 2 frontal bellies infront and 2 occipital bellies behind


connected together by the epicranial aponeurosis.

Attachment:

Frontal bellies

• anterior skin of the forehead and the eyebrows.


• Posterior: the epicranial aponeurosis

Occipital bellies

• anterior epicranial aponeurosis.


• posterior superior nuchal line.

Nerve supply: the facial nerve.

• Frontal bellies by the temporal branch.


• Occipital bellies by the posterior auricular branch.

Action:

• Both frontal and occipital bellies move the scalp forwards and
backwards.
• Frontal bellies elevate the eyebrows as in surprise and
responsible for transverse wrinkles of the forehead.

Arterial supply of the scalp

The scalp is supplied by 5 arteries on each side: 3 infront of auricle and 2


behind it.

A) Infront of the auricle


Artery origin Area supplied
by
Supratrochlear ophthalmic anterior part of
artery. artery the scalp.
Supraorbital
artery.
Superficial one of the 2 supply side of
temporal artery terminal the scalp
branches of
external carotid
artery.
B) Behind the auricle
Posterior external carotid scalp just
auricular artery artery behind the ear
Occipital artery external carotid back of the
artery scalp
Venous drainage of the scalp & face

1- Supraorbital vein

2- Supratrochlear vein

They unit together at the medial angle of the orbit to form the anterior facial
vein.

3- Superficial temporal vein: units with the maxillary vein to from the
retromandibular vein (posterior facial vein).

retromandibular vein lies inside the


parotid gland & divide into anterior &
posterior division.

• The anterior division unites with


anterior facial vein to form
common facial which ends in
(internal jugular vein) IJV.
• Posterior division units with the
posterior division of the
retromandibular vein to form the external jugular vein which ends in
the subclavian vein.

4-Posterior auricular vein: units with the posterior division of the


retromandibular vein to form the external jugular vein.

5- Occipital vein: It drains into the suboccipital venous plexus

Nerve supply of the scalp

A) Infront of auricle

4 sensory branches from the trigeminal nerve


Nerve origin Area supplied
Supratrochlear ophthalmic division of anterior part of the scalp
the trigeminal nerve close to the median plane
Supraorbital ophthalmic division of anterior part of the scalp
the trigeminal nerve
Zygomaticotemporal maxillary division of anterior 1/2 of the lateral
the trigeminal nerve surface of the scalp
Auriculotemporal mandibular division of posterior 1/2 of the lateral
trigeminal nerve surface of the scalp
Motor nerve supply
The temporal facial nerve the frontal belly of the
occipito frontalis
B) Behind the auricle

4 sensory branches from the cervical nerves


Nerve origin Area supplied
Great auricular the cervical skin of the lower part of the auricle
nerve plexus and skin opposite the angle of the
mandible.
Lesser occipital skin of the back of the auricle and
nerve the scalp behind it
Great occipital back of the scalp lateral to the
nerve external occipital protuberance
Third occipital nerve upper part the neck opposite the
external occipital
Motor nerve supply
The posterior facial nerve the occipital belly of the occipito
auricular frontalis.
Lymphatic drainage of the scalp

• Anterior part (forehead) drains into buccal & submandibular lymph


nodes.
• lateral part of the scalp: drain into parotid lymph nodes.
• Behind the auricle drains into mastoid and occipital lymph nodes.

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