Scribd
Upload
8 views27 pages

04scalp and Face by Ihtisham

The document provides a detailed overview of the anatomy of the scalp and face, including their structures, sensory nerve supply, arterial and venous drainage, and lymphatic drainage. It describes the layers of the scalp, the muscles involved in facial expressions, and the blood supply to the face. Additionally, it outlines the bones that form the facial structure and the lymphatic drainage pathways for both the scalp and face.

Uploaded by

umaramin0564238
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
8 views27 pages

04scalp and Face by Ihtisham

The document provides a detailed overview of the anatomy of the scalp and face, including their structures, sensory nerve supply, arterial and venous drainage, and lymphatic drainage. It describes the layers of the scalp, the muscles involved in facial expressions, and the blood supply to the face. Additionally, it outlines the bones that form the facial structure and the lymphatic drainage pathways for both the scalp and face.

Uploaded by

umaramin0564238
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 27

SCALP AND FACE

Prepared by: IHTISHAM


Demonstrator Anesthesia Kmu IHS Islamabad
SCLAP
SCALP Structure
The scalp consists of five layers, the
first three of which are
intimately bound together and move
as a unit
■ Skin, which is thick and hair bearing
and contains
numerous sebaceous glands
■ Connective tissue beneath the skin,
which is fibrofatty,
the fibrous septa uniting the skin to
the underlying
aponeurosis of the occipitofrontalis
muscle.
SCALP Structure

• ■ Aponeurosis (epicranial), which


is a thin, tendinous sheet that
unites the occipital and
frontalbellies of the
occipitofrontalis muscle.
■ Loose areolar tissue, which
occupies the subaponeurotic
space and loosely connects the
epicranial aponeurosis to the
periosteum of the skull (the
pericranium).
■ Pericranium, which is the
periosteum covering the outer
surface of the skull bones.
Muscles of the Scalp

• Occipitofrontalis
The frontal bellies of the
occipitofrontalis can raise the
eyebrows in expressions of surprise
or horror.
Muscles of the Scalp
Sensory Nerve Supply of the Scalp
Sensory Nerve Supply of the Scalp
sensory nerves lie in the superficial fascia.
Moving laterally from the midline anteriorly, the
following nerves are present:
The supratrochlear nerve, a branch of the
ophthalmic
division of the trigeminal nerve, winds around the
superior orbital margin and supplies the scalp.
The supraorbital nerve, a branch of the
ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve, It
supplies the scalp as far backward as the vertex.
The zygomaticotemporal nerve, a branch of the
maxillary
division of the trigeminal nerve, supplies the scalp
over
the temple.
Sensory Nerve Supply of the Scalp

The auriculotemporal nerve, a branch of


the mandibular division of the trigeminal
nerve, supply the skin over the temporal
region.
The lesser occipital nerve, a branch of
the cervical plexus
(C2), supplies the scalp over the lateral
part of the occipital region and the skin
over the medial surface of the auricle.
The greater occipital nerve, a branch of
the posterior
ramus of the 2nd cervical nerve, supplies
the skin as far forward as the
vertex of the skull .
Arterial Supply of the Scalp
Arterial Supply of the Scalp
The arteries lie in the superficial fascia.
Moving laterally from the midline anteriorly,
the following arteries are present:
The supratrochlear and the supraorbital
arteries, branches of the ophthalmic artery,
ascend over the forehead in company with
the supratrochlear and supraorbital nerves
The superficial temporal artery, the smaller
terminal branch of the external carotid artery,
It divides into anterior and posterior branches,
which supply the skin over the frontal and
temporal regions.
The posterior auricular artery, a branch of
the external carotid artery, ascends behind
the auricle to supply the scalp above and
behind the auricle .
Venous Drainage of the Scalp
The occipital artery, a branch of the external carotid
artery,It supplies the skin over the back of the scalp
and reaches as high as the vertex of the skull.
The supratrochlear and supraorbital veins unite at
the medial margin of the orbit to form the facial vein.
The superficial temporal vein unites with the
maxillary vein in the substance of the parotid gland to
form the retromandibular vein .
The posterior auricular vein unites with the
posterior division of the retromandibular veinto form
the external jugular vein .
The occipital vein drains into the suboccipital
venous plexus,the plexus in turn drains into the
vertebral veins or the internal jugular vein.
The veins of the scalp freely anastomose with one
another and are connected to the diploic veins of the
skull bones and the intracranial venous sinuses by
the valveless emissary veins.
Lymph Drainage of the Scalp
Lymph vessels in the anterior part of
the scalp and forehead drain into the
submandibular lymph nodes.
Drainage from the lateral part of the
scalp above the ear is into the
superficial parotid (preauricular)
nodes; lymph vessels in the part of
the scalp above and behind the ear
drain into the mastoid nodes.
Vessels in the back of the scalp drain
into the occipital nodes.
The Face
• Skin of the Face
The skin of the face
possesses numerous sweat
and sebaceous glands. It is
connected to the underlying
bones by loose connective
tissue, in which are
embedded the muscles of
facial expression. No deep
fascia is present in the face.
Sensory Nerves of the Face
Sensory Nerves of the Face
The skin of the face is supplied by
branches of the three divisions of the
trigeminal nerve, except for the small
area over the angle of the mandible and
the parotid gland which is supplied by
the great auricular nerve (C2 and 3).The
ophthalmic nerve supplies the region
developed from the frontonasal process.
The maxillary nerve serves the region
developed from the maxillary process of
the first pharyngeal arch.
The mandibular nerve serves the
region developed from the mandibular
process of the first pharyngeal arch.
Sensory Nerves of the Face

Ophthalmic Nerve
The ophthalmic nerve supplies the skin
of the forehead,
the upper eyelid, the conjunctiva, and the
side of the nose
down to and including the tip. Five
branches of the nerve
pass to the skin.
• The lacrimal nerve
• The supraorbital nerve
• The supratrochlear nerve
• The infratrochlear nerve
• The external nasal nerve
Sensory Nerves of the Face

Maxillary Nerve
The maxillary nerve supplies the skin on
the posterior
part of the side of the nose, the lower
eyelid, the cheek, the
upper lip, and the lateral side of the orbital
opening. Three
branches of the nerve pass to the skin.
• The infraorbital nerve
• The zygomaticofacial nerve
• The zygomaticotemporal nerve
Sensory Nerves of the Face

Mandibular Nerve
The mandibular nerve supplies the
skin of the lower lip, the
lower part of the face, the temporal
region, and part of the
auricle. It then passes upward to the
side of the scalp. Three
branches of the nerve pass to the
skin.
• The mental nerve
• The buccal nerve
• The auriculotemporal nerve
Arterial Supply of the Face
The face receives a rich blood supply from
two main vessels: the facial and superficial
temporal arteries.
The facial artery arises from the external
carotid artery,it anastomoses with the terminal
branches of the ophthalmic artery.
Branches OF Facial Artries
• The submental artery
• The inferior labial artery
• The superior labial artery
• The lateral nasal artery
• The superficial temporal artery
• The transverse facial artery
• The supraorbital and supratrochlear
arteries
Venous Drainage of the Face
The facial vein is formed at the medial angle of the eye by the union
of the supraorbital and supratrochlear veins. It is connected to the
superior ophthalmic vein directly through the supraorbital vein. By
means of the superior ophthalmic vein, the facial vein is connected to
the cavernous sinus. The facial vein ends by draining into the internal
jugular vein.
Tributaries
It is joined to the pterygoid venous plexus by the deep facial vein
and to the cavernous sinus by the superior ophthalmic vein.
The transverse facial vein joins the superficial temporal vein
within the parotid gland.
Venous Drainage of the Face
Lymph Drainage of the Face
Lymph from the forehead and the
anterior part of the face
drains into the submandibular lymph
nodes.
A few buccal lymph nodes may be
present along the course of these lymph
vessels.
The lateral part of the face, including the
lateral parts of the eyelids, is drained by
lymph vessels that end in the parotid
lymph nodes.
The central part of the lower lip and the
skin of the chin are drained into the
submental lymph nodes.
Bones of the Face
The superior orbital margins and the area above
them are formed by the frontal bone, which
contains the frontal air sinuses.
The lateral orbital margin is formed by the
zygomatic bone and the inferior orbital margin
is formed by the zygomatic bone and the
maxilla.
The medial orbital margin is formed above the
maxillary process of the frontal bone and below
by the frontal process of the maxilla.
The root of the nose is formed by the nasal
bones,which articulate below with the maxilla
and above with the frontal bones.

The important central bone of the middle third of


the face is the maxilla, containing its teeth and
the maxillary air sinus. The bone of the lower
third of the face is the mandible, with its teeth.
Muscles of the Face
TAKE AWAY MESSAGE

You might also like

pFad - Phonifier reborn

Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.

Note: This service is not intended for secure transactions such as banking, social media, email, or purchasing. Use at your own risk. We assume no liability whatsoever for broken pages.


Alternative Proxies:

Alternative Proxy

pFad Proxy

pFad v3 Proxy

pFad v4 Proxy