Cognitive

computing

Cognitive computing refers t o t echnology plat forms t hat , broadly speaking, are
based on t he scient ific disciplines of art ificial int elligence and signal processing.
These plat forms encompass machine learning, reasoning, nat ural language processing,
speech recognit ion and vision (object recognit ion), human–comput er int eract ion,
dialog and narrat ive generat ion, among ot her t echnologies.[1][2]

Definition
At present , t here is no widely agreed upon definit ion for cognit ive comput ing in eit her
academia or indust ry.[1][3][4]

In general, t he t erm cognit ive comput ing has been used t o refer t o new hardware
and/or soft ware t hat mimics t he funct ioning of t he human brain[5][6][7][8][9] (2004). In
t his sense, cognit ive comput ing is a new t ype of comput ing wit h t he goal of more
accurat e models of how t he human brain/mind senses, reasons, and responds t o
st imulus. Cognit ive comput ing applicat ions link dat a analysis and adapt ive page
displays (AUI) t o adjust cont ent for a part icular t ype of audience. As such, cognit ive
comput ing hardware and applicat ions st rive t o be more affect ive and more influent ial
b d i
 Basic scheme of a cognitive system.
With sensors, such as keyboards,
touchscreens, cameras, microphones
or temperature sensors, signals from
the real world environment can be
detected. For perception, these
signals are recognised by the
cognition of the cognitive system and
converted into digital information.
This information can be documented
and is processed. The result of
deliberation can also be documented
and is used to control and execute an
action in the real world environment
with the help of actuators, such as
engines, loudspeakers, displays or air
conditioners for example.

The t erm "cognit ive syst em" also applies t o any art ificial const ruct able t o perform a
cognit ive process where a cognit ive process is t he t ransformat ion of dat a,
informat ion, knowledge, or wisdom t o a new level in t he DIKW Pyramid.[10] While many
cognit ive syst ems employ t echniques having t heir originat ion in art ificial int elligence
research, cognit ive syst ems, t hemselves, may not be art ificially int elligent . For
example, a neural net work t rained t o recognize cancer on an MRI scan may achieve a
higher success rat e t han a human doct or. This syst em is cert ainly a cognit ive syst em
but is not art ificially int elligent .

Cognit ive syst ems may be engineered t o feed on dynamic dat a in real-t ime, or near
real-t ime,[11] and may draw on mult iple sources of informat ion, including bot h
st ruct ured and unst ruct ured digit al informat ion, as well as sensory input s (visual,
gest ural, audit ory, or sensor-provided).[12]
Cognitive analytics
Cognit ive comput ing-branded t echnology plat forms t ypically specialize in t he
processing and analysis of large, unst ruct ured dat aset s.[13]

Applications

Education
Even if cognitive computing can not
take the place of teachers, it can
still be a heavy driving force in the
education of students. Cognitive
computing being used in the
classroom is applied by essentially
having an assistant that is
personalized for each individual
student. This cognitive assistant
can relieve the stress that teachers
face while teaching students, while
also enhancing the student's
learning experience over all.[14]
Teachers may not be able to pay
each and every student individual
attention, this being the place that
cognitive computers fill the gap.
Some students may need a little
more help with a particular subject.
For many students, Human
interaction between student and
teacher can cause anxiety and can
be uncomfortable. With the help of
Cognitive Computer tutors,
students will not have to face their
 uneasiness and can gain the
confidence to learn and do well in
the classroom.[15] While a student
is in class with their personalized
assistant, this assistant can
develop various techniques, like
creating lesson plans, to tailor and
aid the student and their needs.
Healthcare
Numerous tech companies are in
the process of developing
technology that involves cognitive
computing that can be used in the
medical field. The ability to classify
and identify is one of the main
goals of these cognitive devices.[16]
 This trait can be very helpful in the
study of identifying carcinogens.
This cognitive system that can
detect would be able to assist the
examiner in interpreting countless
numbers of documents in a lesser
amount of time than if they did not
use Cognitive Computer technology.
This technology can also evaluate
information about the patient,
looking through every medical
record in depth, searching for
indications that can be the source
of their problems.
Commerce
 Together with Artificial Intelligence,
it has been used in warehouse
management systems to collect,
store, organize and analyze all
related supplier data. All these
aims at improving efficiency,
enabling faster decision-making,
monitoring inventory and fraud
detection[17]
Human Cognitive Augmentation
In situations where humans are
using or working collaboratively
with cognitive systems, called a
human/cog ensemble, results
achieved by the ensemble are
superior to results obtainable by the
 human working alone. Therefore,
the human is cognitively
augmented.[18][19][20] In cases where
the human/cog ensemble achieves
results at, or superior to, the level of
a human expert then the ensemble
has achieved synthetic
expertise.[21] In a human/cog
ensemble, the "cog" is a cognitive
system employing virtually any kind
of cognitive computing technology.

Other use cases

Speech recognition
Sentiment analysis
Face detection
 Risk assessment
Fraud detection
Behavioral recommendations

Industry work
Cognit ive comput ing in conjunct ion wit h big dat a and algorit hms t hat comprehend
cust omer needs, can be a major advant age in economic decision making.

The powers of cognit ive comput ing and art ificial int elligence hold t he pot ent ial t o
affect almost every t ask t hat humans are capable of performing. This can negat ively
affect employment for humans, as t here would be no such need for human labor
anymore. It would also increase t he inequalit y of wealt h; t he people at t he head of
t he cognit ive comput ing indust ry would grow significant ly richer, while workers wit hout
ongoing, reliable employment would become less well off.[22]

The more indust ries st art t o use cognit ive comput ing, t he more difficult it will be for
humans t o compet e.[22] Increased use of t he t echnology will also increase t he amount
of work t hat AI-driven robot s and machines can perform. Only ext raordinarily t alent ed,
capable and mot ivat ed humans would be able t o keep up wit h t he machines. The
influence of compet it ive individuals in conjunct ion wit h art ificial int elligence/cognit ive
comput ing wit h has t he pot ent ial t o change t he course of humankind.[23]

See also

Automation
Affective computing
Analytics
Artificial intelligence
Artificial neural network
Brain computer interface
Cognitive computer
Cognitive reasoning
Cognitive science
Enterprise cognitive system
Semantic Web
Social neuroscience
Synthetic intelligence
Usability
Neuromorphic engineering
 AI accelerator

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Further reading

Russell, John (February 15, 2016).

"Mapping Out a New Role for
Cognitive Computing in Science" (ht
tp://www.hpcwire.com/2016/02/2
5/25170/) . HPCwire. Retrieved
April 21, 2016.
Retrieved from
"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?
title=Cognitive_computing&oldid=123549795
8"

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