Cognitive Computing

UCS420
Lecture-1
Course Instructors
Dr. Anjula Mehto and Dr. Manisha Malik
Assistant Professor, CSED
Email-anjula.mehto@thapar.edu, manisha.malik@thapar.edu
Course Credit
Course Name: Cognitive Computing
Course Code: UCS420
Course Credit- 3.0

L T P Cr
2 0 2 3.0

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Course Objective
• This course will provide advanced students in cognitive science and computer
science with the skills to develop computational models of human cognition,
giving insight into how people solve challenging computational problems, as
well as how to bring computers closer to human performance.

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Syllabus
• Foundation of Cognitive Computing: Understanding cognition, Cognitive computing as a new
generation, the uses of cognitive systems, system cognitive, gaining insights from data, Artificial
Intelligence (AI) as the foundation of cognitive computing, Applications of cognitive computing

• Cognitive System Design Principles: Components of a cognitive system, building the corpus,
bringing data into cognitive system, Machine learning based design, Hypothesis generation and
scoring, Introduction to Natural language processing (NLP), Taxonomies and Ontologies

• Reasoning and Learning: Case based reasoning, Analogical reasoning, Constraint reasoning and
Meta reasoning, Concept learning, Common sense-based learning, Explanation based learning

• Advance Analytics: Big data and Cognitive computing, Predictive Analytics, Text Analytics, Image
Analytics, Speech Analytics

• Case Studies: Cognitive Systems in health care, Cognitive Assistant for visually impaired People,
IBM Watson–Introduction to IBM’s Power AI Platform, Cognitive Systems in Finance: Cognitive
banking services using virtual agents
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Recommended books
Text Books:
• Judith S., Kaufman M., and Bowles A., Cognitive Computing and Big Data
Analytics, Wiley, (2005), 1st ed.
• Fingar P., Cognitive Computing: A Brief guide for Game Changers, Meghan-
Kiffer Press, (2014),1st ed.
Reference Books:
• Miller J., Learning IBM Watson Analytics, Packt Publishers, (2016),1st ed.
• Hashmi A. and Masood A., Cognitive Computing Recipes: Artificial
Intelligence solutions using Microsoft Cognitive Services and Tensorflow,
Apress, (2019), 1st ed.
• Kashyap P., Machine Learning for Decision Makers: Cognitive Computing
Fundamentals for better decision making, Apress,(2018), 1st ed.
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COURSE LEARNING OUTCOMES (CLOs)
After the completion of the course, the student will be able to:
CLO1: Understand and discuss what cognitive computing is, and how it
differs from traditional approaches.
CLO2: Understand various design principles for cognitive computing.
CLO3: Plan and use various primary tools associated with cognitive
computing.
CLO4: Implement various analytics tools in related areas of computer
science.
CLO:5 Describe various case studies related to cognitive computing.

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Evaluation scheme
• MST: 35 marks (Weightage -30%)
• Sessional marks: 30 marks (Weightage -30%)
Sessional quiz- 10 marks (before MST)
Lab evaluation- 20 marks (before EST)
• EST: 50 marks (Weightage -40%)

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Why we are studying this course ?
1. You understand the basic principles of Cognitive Computing.
2. You broaden your horizon, to learn and explore.

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How to pass this course ?
1. Attendance is MANDATORY.!!!
2. Do Lab assignment on time.
3. Learning attitude

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Please Note
o Please come on Time. A buffer of 5 minutes will be allowed.
o Attendance is mandatory.
o If you want to talk, kindly leave the classroom without disturbing
others.
o We aim to keep the class engaging and interactive.

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Contact
Preference on EMAILS:

Email: anjula.mehto@thapar.edu, manisha.malik@thapar.edu

Mode of contact would be email ONLY!!!

No whatsapp!! Or calls!!!! (Only CR or GR can call)

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Let’s learn about Cognitive Computing

Computers - solve problems, analyze language, and even predict

outcomes

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Voice Assistants and Smart Devices
Have you heard of Siri, Alexa, and Google Assistant?

"When you ask Siri to set an alarm or play a song, the system processes
your voice, understands the command, and responds accordingly. That’s
cognitive computing!"

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 Real-World Examples

Instagram/Facebook Feeds
Have you noticed how Instagram shows you posts and reels you’re most
likely to enjoy?

Cognitive systems analyze your preferences, time spent on posts, and

interactions to personalize your feed.

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Shopping and E-commerce

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 Remember those school textbook exercises
that followed predetermined learning paths?
They may lack the capability to adapt to
individual learning styles.

• Cognitive computing is one such

technology that can evaluate an
individual's performance and offer
personalized recommendations.

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 Cognitive
• Pertaining to the processes of
thinking, reasoning, understanding,
and learning (intellectual activities)
• Examples of cognition include:
• paying attention to something in the
environment,
• learning something new,
• making decisions,
• processing language,
• sensing and perceiving environmental
stimuli,
• solving problems, and
• using memory.
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Cognitive Computing
• Cognitive computing-
• Attempts to mimic the way a human brain works.
• Has already generated household names such as Apple’s Siri and Amazon’s
Alexa.
• Focuses on building systems that augment human intelligence, helping humans
make better decisions.
• Example- Apple’s Siri and Amazon’s Alexa, Chatboat-Many websites have
chatbots that help answer your questions.

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Cognitive Computing

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Cognitive computing

• Makes machines active partners, not just tools.

• These advanced systems do more than execute
commands.
• Grasp your needs,
• Anticipate your questions, and
• Proactively deliver valuable insights.

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For instance, the cognitive computing system can
help a bank detect fraudulent transactions, or it can
be employed by a company to improve its customer
support through the chat bot.

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Introduction to Cognitive Computing
• Cognitive computing is a technology that mimics human thought
processes using artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning (ML),
natural language processing (NLP), and data analytics.
• Cognition-
• Mental action or process of acquiring knowledge by understanding thought,
experience and the senses.
• Cognitive processes use existing knowledge and generate new
knowledge.
• Cognitive process continuously acquire knowledge from the data to
understand human interaction and provide answers.

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AI vs Cognitive Computing
AI Cognitive Computing
Focuses on building systems that replace human Focuses on building systems that augment human
intelligence for automating tasks and decision-making. intelligence, helping humans make better decisions.
AI often works autonomously to solve problems. Cognitive Computing collaborates with humans to
assist in problem-solving.

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Cognitive Computing as part of AI
• AI's Scope: AI encompasses all intelligent systems, including ones that
don't aim to mimic human thought (e.g., optimization algorithms,
robotic process automation).
• Cognitive Computing's Focus: Narrowly targets systems that interpret
data, reason, and interact naturally, aiming to enhance human
decision-making.

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"Is a self-driving car an AI system or a cognitive
system?"

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Self Driving cars
• Cognitive Computing: Assists humans in decision-making and
requires human interaction.
• Self-Driving Cars: Use AI to act autonomously, replacing the human
driver.
• In summary, self-driving cars are AI-driven systems, not examples of
cognitive computing.

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• A medical diagnostic tool (e.g., IBM Watson Health), on the other
hand, is a cognitive system as it aids doctors by reasoning, learning,
and providing insights in a human-like manner.

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Human Understanding & Cognitive Computing
When we as humans seek to understand something and to make a decision, we go
through four key steps:
• First, we observe visible phenomena and bodies of evidence.
• Second, we draw on what we know to interpret what we are seeing to generate a
hypothesis about what it means.
• Third, we evaluate which hypotheses are right or wrong.
• Finally, we decide choosing the option that seems best and acting accordingly.

Just as humans become experts by going through the process of observation,

evaluation, and decision-making, cognitive systems use similar processes to reason
about the information they read, and they can do this at massive speed and scale.

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Core Elements of Cognitive Computing

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Perception
Perception is the basis of cognitive computing to interpret and understand the
environment. The components of perception include sensing, where data, whether
structured or unstructured, is gathered from various sources.

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Learning

Cognitive computing employs machine learning algorithms to

analyze the data and extract meaningful information from the
data.
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Benefits of Cognitive Computing

• Elevated decision-making due to the analysis

of huge datasets
• Improves efficiency, as it saves time and
resources by automating tasks
• Enables more human-like and interactive
communication between machines and
humans with the help of natural language
processing.

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Cognitive computing has multiple applications from healthcare
and finance to education and entertainment.

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Several companies across various industries are using cognitive computing
technologies to enhance their products, services, and operations. Some notable
examples include IBM Watson, which uses cognitive computing in the fields of
healthcare, finance, retail, and customer service

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Google utilizes cognitive computing techniques in its products and
services, including Google Search, Google Assistant, and Google
Translate

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Amazon's Alexa virtual assistant employs cognitive computing to
understand and respond to voice commands, manage smart home
devices, and provide personalized recommendations to users

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JPMorgan Chase (JPMC) and Wells Fargo use cognitive computing to
detect fraud, assess risk, and automate customer service.

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