UNIVERSITY OF LA SALETTE, INCORPORATED

High School Department

Malvar, Santiago City-3311, Philippines
A.Y 2024-2025

21 st Century Music
Jazz Music

Jazz is a music genre of the late 19th and early 20th century originated from African American communities of
New Orleans characterized by a heavy improvisation, polyrhythm, syncopation and swing note.
The arrival of the jazz genre did not come overnight. It was an offshoot of the music of African slaves who
migrated to America. As music is considered a therapeutic outlet for human feelings, the Africans used music
to recall their nostalgic past in their home country as well as to voice out their sentiments on their desperate
condition at that time. Since then, these melancholy beginnings have evolved into various more upbeat jazz
forms which the world has adopted and incorporated into other contemporary styles.
(Improvisation - adlib, impromptu; Polyrhythm - simultaneous combination of contrasting rhythms in music;
Syncopation - a rhythmic technique in music where emphasis or accents are placed on beats; Swing note –
a long-short pattern)
Jazz is a style of music that spread all over the world and drew on different national, regional and local musical
cultures which led to the development of different styles.
Jazz Music Instrument
- Saxophone
- Piano
- Guitar
- Trumpet
- Trombone
Different Style of Jazz Music
1. Ragtime- it is the forerunner of jazz music. It is a type of lively music that is often played on the piano.
Its music is written unlike jazz which is mainly improvised, and contains regular meters and clear phrases,
with an alternation of low bass or bass octaves and chords.

SCOTT JOPLIN (King of Ragtime)

The Entertainer, Maple Leaf Rag, and Solace

2. Big band- is a musical ensemble which consist of approximately 12 to 25 musicians and its major
instruments are saxophones, trumpets, trombones, and a rhythm section. A singer and a vocalist may also
be included.
- GLENN MILLER ORCHESTRA - most popular big band group
- A String of Pearls, Moonlight Serenade, In the Mood, American Patrol,
- and Smoke Gets in Your Eyes

3. Bebop- It consisted of one or two horns, usually saxophones/trumpets, bass drums, and piano. A fast-
complex type of jazz and characterized by complex harmonies, fast tempo, eccentric rhythms, and intricate
melody.

CHARLIE PARKER and DIZZY GILLESPIE

Hot House

4. Jazz Rock - This music is about the loudest, wildest, and most electrified fusion bands that developed from
jazz. It is in synonym with "jazz fusion" a style usually performed on amplified electronic instrument.
(Fusion - combining different style such as jazz and rock)

JONI MITCHELL- Big Yellow Taxi TIM BUCKLEY - Song to the Siren

21 st Century Music
Latin-American Music
 UNIVERSITY OF LA SALETTE, INCORPORATED
High School Department
Malvar, Santiago City-3311, Philippines
A.Y 2024-2025

Latin American music refers to the music of Mexico, Central America, South America, and
entire Caribbean colonized by Spain and Portugal. The music of Latin America varies from the
region where it came from, the mixture of influence, fusion of races, religions and cultural heritage.

It should come as no surprise that Latin music has become so popular over the decades and
even more so in recent years. The musical style appeals to people of all ages and backgrounds
because of its rhythmic beats and catchy upbeat vibe. It has never mattered if the lyrics were in
English, Spanish or both.

Music of Latin America is the product of three major influences - Indigenous, European, and African.

1. Indigenous Latin - American Music - were found to be using local drum and percussion instruments
such as the guiro, maracas, and turtle shells, and wind instruments such as zampona.

2. African Influence - Latin American music is most pronounced in its rich and varied rhythmic patterns
produced by the drums and various percussion instruments.

3. Euro - Latin American - Stepwise melodies were preferred in the heavily Hispanic and Moorish-
influenced areas of Venezuela and Colombia.

LATIN AMERICAN INSTRUMENTS

The indigenous music of Latin America was largely functional in nature, being used for religious worship
and ceremonies. The used instruments as well as singing and dancing served to implore the gods for
good harvest, victory in battles, guard against sickness and natural disasters.
1. Guiro - a Latin American percussion instrument consisting of an open ended, hollow gourd with
parallel notches cut in one side. It is played by rubbing a stick or tines along the notches to produce
a ratchet.
2. Bongos - it is a Cuban instrument composed of two small drums.
3. Claves - it is a wooden cylinder. This cylinder is hit with another cylinder in the other hand.
4. Maracas - it is generally made of dried animal skin stitched together or hollow wood, they are filed
with grains or small pebbles, the fastened to wooden handles. They are shaken to produce sounds.
5. Cencerros - it is a cowbell hit with a stick.

LATIN AMERICAN VOCAL FORMS

1. BOSSA NOVA - a Brazilian style of music developed and popularized in the late 1950s in Rio de
Janeiro. The term "bossa" means "new trend" or "fashionable wave". Bossa nova music incorporate
themes on women, love, longing, and loneliness and commonly accompanied by a nylon-string
classic guitar.
- Bossa Nova began on the tropical beaches of Rio de Janeiro in the late 1950s, when a small group
of mainly middle-class students, artists and musicians came together to create a new sound. Bossa
Nova was a soft samba based on traditional Brazilian music and rhythms, American jazz, and a new
style of Portuguese lyrics. It was a youthful celebration of romance, beach culture and sensual
pleasure.
- Bossa nova music incorporate themes on women, love, longing and loneliness.
- Its key feature is its cool relaxed style that tend to be light and frothy. It often features guitar, vocals
and brushes and instead of sticks on the drum set

 Sitti Navarro "Queen of Bossa nova" Astrud Gilberto and

Stan Getz -
 - Tattooed on My Mind, Hey Look at the Sun, Girl from Ipanema
 I Didn't Know I was Looking for Love, and Para sa Akin.

2. REGGAE - A modern popular music originated in Jamaica in the mid 1960's.

This genre did not originate with Bob Marley nor his world renown song One Love. Reggae music is
recognized by its lament-like chanting and emphasizes the syncopated beat.
 UNIVERSITY OF LA SALETTE, INCORPORATED
High School Department
Malvar, Santiago City-3311, Philippines
A.Y 2024-2025
- Reggae music usually express news, social protest, and political comment.
- The term reggae was derived from rege-rege, a Jamaican phrase meaning "rags or ragged
clothing," it is used to denote a raggedy style of music.
- Reggae music is a soulful entertainment in Jamaica. It expresses in words the pain, struggle, hope
and emotion that is felt by the average person. Reggae is basically the opposite of Rock n' Roll
because it inverts the role of bass and guitar.

Robert Nesta "Bob" Marley

- achieved international fame and acclaim because of his songs: No Woman, No Cry, One
Love, Three Little Birds and others. Bob Marley and his band "The Wailers" in 1970

21st Century Music

Popular Music
POPULAR MUSIC

Popular music literally means "music of the populace," like traditional folk music of the past. As it
developed in the 20th century, pop music (as it has come to be called) generally consisted of music for
entertainment of large numbers of people, whether on radio or in live performances. From the standard
songs and ballads of the legendary Cole Porter, George Gershwin, and Frank Sinatra to the rock and roll
craze of Elvis Presley and the Beatles and the present-day idols in the alternative music and disco modes,
popular music is now shared by the entire world.

Here are some types of Popular Music:

1. Ballad - The ballad originated as an expressive folksong in narrative verse with text dealing typically
about love. The word is derived both from the medieval French "chanson ballade" and "ballade"
which refers to a dancing song. Used by poets and composers since the 18th century, it became a
slow popular love song in the 19th century.

DON MCLEAN – American Pie DUKE ELLINGTON- In a sentimental mood

2. Standard - In music, the term "standard" is used to denote the most popular and enduring songs
from a particular genre or style, such as those by Irving Berlin, Cole Porter, and Rodgers and Hart.
Its style is mostly in a slow or moderate tempo with a relaxed mood. It also features highly singable
melodies within the range and technical capacity of the everyday listener.

FRANK SINATRA is also known as Ol Blue Eyes, NAT KING COLE

Chairman of the Board, and The Voice - My Way - Unforgettable, Mona Lisa
and Strangers in the Night. , and Too Young

3. Rock and Roll - Rock and roll were a hugely popular song form in the United States during the late
1940's to the 1950's. It combined Afro-American forms such as the blues, jump blues, jazz, and
gospel music with the Western swing and country music. The lead instruments were the piano and
saxophone, but these were eventually replaced by modern instruments.

ELVIS PRESLEY - Heartbreak THE BEATLES - I Saw Her Standing There,

Hotel and Blue Suede Shoes Get Back, While My Guitar Gently Weeps, Rock and
Roll Music, and Ticket to Ride, Strawberry
Fields Forever, Help, In My Life, Tomorrow Never
Knows, Rain, and Happiness isa Warm Gun

4. Disco
 UNIVERSITY OF LA SALETTE, INCORPORATED
High School Department
Malvar, Santiago City-3311, Philippines
A.Y 2024-2025
- The 1970s saw the rise of another form of pop music known as "disco." Disco music pertained to
rock music that was more danceable, thus leading to the establishment of venues for public dancing
also called discos. The term originated from the French word "discotheque" which means a library
for phonograph records.

ABBA, DONNA SUMMER ("The Queen of Disco"),

THE BEE GEES; Earth, Wind, and Fire;
KC AND THE SUNSHINE BAND; The Village People; and
GLORIA GAYNOR, bringing us such hits as Dancing Queen,
Stayin' Alive, Boogie Wonderland, and Hot Stuff

5. Pop Music - Among them were Neil Sedaka (Laughter in the Rain), Diana Ross and the Supremes
(Stop in the Name of Love), Olivia Newton John (Hopelessly Devoted to You), Stevie Wonder (You
Are the Sunshine of My Life), Elton John (Skyline Pigeon), The Carpenters (We've Only Just Begun),
and Barry Manilow (Mandy). Pop superstars in more recent years include solo artists Celine Dion
(My Heart Will Go On), Madonna (Material Girl), Whitney Houston (I Will Always Love You), Mariah
Carey (Hero), Justin Timberlake (Justified), Britney Spears (Oops, | Did It Again), Beyonce
(Irreplaceable), Lady Gaga (Bad Romance), and Bruno Mars (Just The Way You Are); as well as
vocal groups such as Boyz I Men (Four Seasons of Loneliness), The Backstreet Boys (I Want It That
Way), N'Sync (This | Promise You), Destiny's Child (Survivor), among many others.

MICHAEL JACKSON "The King of Pop"

- He was an American recording artist, entertainer, singer-songwriter, record

producer, musical arranger, dancer, choreographer, actor, businessman, and
philanthropist.
- Beat It, Billie Jean, and Thriller-widely credited with transforming the music
video from a promotional tool into an art form— helped bring the relatively
new channel to fame. Videos such as Black or White and Scream made
Jackson an enduring staple on MTV in the 1990 today's top music idols

Other Styles of Popular Music

1. Retro Music- a revived music "dressed up" in modern style and usually heard in disco houses.
2. Hip-Hop- is a music with rap, heavy on the percussion side and usually heard among "barkadas" or
gangs in the streets.
3. R&B- literally means Rhythm and Blues. Today it is related to the style of singing which is nasal-
sounding and uses many slurred tones in singing the melody.
4. Acoustic- is music accompanied by an acoustic guitar sometimes with percussion or piano.
5. Alternative- It employs simple, natural voice style. It is the guitar sound that stands out among the
instrument accompaniment.
6. Heavy Metal- is a rock music characterized by too loud and noisy drum sound. The vocal part uses a
shouting style of singing.
7. OPM (Original Pilipino Music)- uses different musical styles patterned after their western counterpart
and yet retained the Filipino sentiments.