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Module 2 - Database Management Systems

The document outlines the fundamentals of Database Management Systems (DBMS), including their functions, components, and the process of database normalization. It emphasizes the importance of understanding DBMS for effective data warehousing in businesses and provides an overview of creating Entity Relationship Diagrams. Additionally, it includes a group activity to design a normalized database and references for further reading.

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Dom Balseen
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29 views4 pages

Module 2 - Database Management Systems

The document outlines the fundamentals of Database Management Systems (DBMS), including their functions, components, and the process of database normalization. It emphasizes the importance of understanding DBMS for effective data warehousing in businesses and provides an overview of creating Entity Relationship Diagrams. Additionally, it includes a group activity to design a normalized database and references for further reading.

Uploaded by

Dom Balseen
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Professorial Lecturer: Module 2_ Database Management

Dr. Domingo T. Balse, Jr, LPT Systems Lecture Notes

Database Management Systems


1. Learning outcomes
•Explain what data management systems are
• Describe the functions and components of database management systems
• Perform database normalization
• Create a simple entity relationship diagram
• Identify database management systems used in businesses

2. Introduction
As we learn about data warehousing and how this can be applied to businesses, it is
important to first understand the basic concepts of database management systems. Data
warehouses utilize information from different database management systems. Managers need to
know key points about database management systems so that they can have a deeper
understanding of how data warehouses work.

3. Database Systems
In order to understand what database management systems are, we must first understand
what a database is. In computer terms, a database is a collection of data. Typically, it is the data
of one specific enterprise.
A database is not necessarily always stored in a computer. Records stored in a filing
cabinet, in a notebook, or whatnot can be considered a database. But often, this manual method
of storing information is not as efficient as using a computer, and it is not as efficient as using a
database management system.
What then are database management systems or DBMSs? A DBMS is a collection of
interrelated data plus the software and hardware used to access the data in a useful manner.

4. Functions and Components of a Database Management Systems


DBMS main functions include the following (among many others):
a. The manipulation of data;
b. The definition of your database;
c. The processing of your data; and

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Professorial Lecturer: Module 2_ Database Management
Dr. Domingo T. Balse, Jr, LPT Systems Lecture Notes

d. The sharing of your data


Note that a DBMS is only one component of what is known as a database system. This
database system therefore has these four components:
a. Users
b. Database Application
c. DBMS
d. Database

5. Databases and Normalization


Now that we know what databases and database management systems are, let us take a
closer look at the data that goes into a database. Our databases will be made up of records which
are in turn made up of fields. You can think of records as the individual items that go into the
databases.
In designing databases, it is helpful to first identify what records should be included in the
system. Once you have identified these records, you can then start to create a DESIGN for the
database.
The design should be NORMALIZED. There are several levels of normalization: 1st
Normal Form, 2nd Normal Form, 3rd Normal Form, Boyce and Codd Normal Form (BCNF), 4th
Normal Form, and even 5th Normal Form. We normalize in order to reduce data redundancy and
improve data integrity. Normalizing until 3rd Normal Form will be enough.

GROUP ACTIVITY

Objective: To create a normalized database design.


Task: Think of a simple database management system an organization might want to have.
Identify at least 10 records that will go into the database. Group these records into tables based
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Professorial Lecturer: Module 2_ Database Management
Dr. Domingo T. Balse, Jr, LPT Systems Lecture Notes

on similar fields. Convert the resulting tables to 3rd Normal Form.

6. Entity Relationship Diagram and Relational Modeling

Tables created during database normalization often correspond to ENTITIES, which are
used in relational modeling. Most DBMS packages for microcomputers make use of the Relational
Data Model which highlights relationships between entities. We use Entity Relationship Diagrams
(ERDs) to design and visualize Relational Data Models.

Entity Relationship Diagrams are composed of:


a. Entities - the representation we use to contain information on one real-world person, object,
place, etc. These are represented by rectangles in an ERD.
b. Attributes – properties that describe entities. They correspond to the fields in records and are
represented by ovals.
c. Relationships – how each entities are connected. They are represented by diamonds.

7. Quiz / Activity

References

Book References:
Corr, Lawrence & Jim Stagnitto (2011). Agile Data Warehouse Design: Collaborative Dimensional
Modeling, from Whiteboard to Star Schema
Jarke , Matthias, Maurizio Lenzerini , Yannis Vassiliou & Panos Vassiliadis (2003). Fundamentals
of Data Warehouses. Springer Berlin Heidelberg Publishing. ISBNs 978-3-54-042089-7,
978-3-64-207564-3, 978-3-66-205153-5. DOI 10.1007/978-3-662-05153-5
Jukic,Nenad, Susan Vrbsky & Svetlozar Nestorov (2016). Database Systems: Introduction to
Databases and Data Warehouses.
Kimball, Ralp (2013). The Data Warehouse Toolkit: The Definitive Guide to Dimensional
Modeling, 3rd Edition
Linstedt, Daniel & Michael Olschimke (2015). Building a Scalable Data Warehouse with Data
Vault 2.0
Ponniah, Paulraj (2001). Data Warehousing Fundamentals: A Comprehensive Guide for IT
Professionals, 1st Edition. Wiley-Interscience Publishing

Internet Resources:
https://www.kimballgroup.com/data-warehouse-business-intelligence-resources/kimball-
techniques/dw-bi-lifecycle-method/
https://www.analyticsvidhya.com/blog/2015/07/guide-data-visualization-r/
https://www.analyticsvidhya.com/blog/2015/08/cheat-sheet-data-visualization-r/
https://www.techadvisory.org/2015/03/benefits-of-data-warehouses-for-business/
https://whatisdbms.com/9-disadvantages-and-limitations-of-data-warehouse/
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zTs5zjSXnvs&t=293s&list=WL&index=20
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Professorial Lecturer: Module 2_ Database Management
Dr. Domingo T. Balse, Jr, LPT Systems Lecture Notes

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l74BAViTVns&t=194s&list=WL&index=21

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