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08 Presentatie AIS

Module NB2 covers the Automatic Identification System (AIS) and its importance in maritime navigation, including its functionality, communication modes, and data types. The course consists of 30 contact hours over ten weeks, focusing on various electronic systems and shiphandling. AIS enhances vessel identification and tracking, addressing challenges like reduced visibility and busy waterways.

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Coen van ‘t Hof
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12 views35 pages

08 Presentatie AIS

Module NB2 covers the Automatic Identification System (AIS) and its importance in maritime navigation, including its functionality, communication modes, and data types. The course consists of 30 contact hours over ten weeks, focusing on various electronic systems and shiphandling. AIS enhances vessel identification and tracking, addressing challenges like reduced visibility and busy waterways.

Uploaded by

Coen van ‘t Hof
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Module NB2

AIS
Previous lesson

Autopilot:
• Remote.
• Track.
• Auto.
• Manual.
• NFU.
Subjects

The module NB2, period 2 will take 30 contact hours in ten weeks
time.
Topics:

• Electronic systems of position fixing (4 hours).


• Echo-sounders and speed measurement (2 hours).
• Magnetic compass (2 hours).
• Gyro compass and other heading devices (2 hours).
• The automatic pilot (2 hours).
• Automatic Identification System (2 hours).
• Voyage Data Recorder (2 hours).
• Shiphandling (Reinen van Nes will take 12 hours).
Why AIS?

Before the introduction of AIS it was difficult to identify vessels (name


and callsign).

• Radar target (contact).


• Reduced visibility.
• Close proximity to be able to read vessels name.
• Difficult to call a vessel on the VHF.
• Busy waterways.
Why AIS?

“Vessel on my starboard bow, this is MV Eversail.


It appears you may be making a turn to
starboard. Do you intend to cross my bow,
over?”
What is AIS?

Definition:
AIS is a shipboard broadcast transponder system in which ships
continually transmit their ID, position, course, speed and other data
to all other nearby ships and shoreside authorities on a common VHF
radio channel.

Important words:
• Shipboard transponder system (where?).
• Data transmission (what?).
• Nearby ships and shoreside authorities (to whom?).
• VHF radio channel (how?).
IMO requirements for AIS.

IMO resolution MSC.74(69), Annex 3 states that AIS systems should:


• Automatically provide information.
• Automatically receive information.
• Monitor and track ships.
• Exchange data with shore-based facilities.

SOLAS convention, AIS carriage will apply to:


• All ships >=300 GT engaged on international voyages.
• Cargo ships >=500 GT not engaged on international voyages.
• All passenger ships irrespective of size.
Different AIS modes.

AIS is designed to operate in the following modes:


• Ship to ship (collision avoidance).
• Ship to traffic management (VTS).
• Ship to shore (coastal surveillance).
Ship to ship mode.
Ship to ship mode.

Data is fed automatically from the ship’s sensors into the AIS system,
where the data is formatted and transmitted in a short databurst on a
dedicated VHF channel.
On other ships this data can be displayed/recorded on:
• AIS receiver (equipment).
• Radar.
• ECDIS.
• VDR (Voyage Data Recorder).
Ship to ship mode.

AIS receiver:
Ship to ship mode.

AIS displayed on radar:


Ship to ship mode.

AIS displayed on ECDIS:


Ship to traffic management.

Monitoring and controlling the movement of vessels in restricted


waterways and harbours.
• AIS overlay with radar equipment.
• AIS only when there is no radar equipment available.
• AIS as a back-up when radar is degraded (heavy rain).
• Transmit additional data to vessels (port data, pilotage, berth
assignments, shipping agency information, tide/current, notices to
mariners, harbour picture, Differential GPS data).
Ship to traffic management.
Ship to shore.

Coastal surveillance:
• Monitor vessels movement through the area (hazardous cargo,
commercial fishing operations, logging for accident investigation/oil
spill, SAR operations).
• Request additional data from vessels (polling).
• Send navigational information (tide, notice to mariners, local
weather forecast).
Ship to shore.

Coastal surveillance:
AIS communications scheme.

Each vessel has his own communication cell. The size of the cell can
be varied according to the traffic density on the AIS channel.
AIS communications scheme.

Self-organizing Time Division Multiple Access (STDMA)


communications scheme:
AIS 1: VHF 87B.
AIS 2: VHF 88B.
AIS messages.

Information provided by the AIS falls into several categories:


• Static data.
• Dynamic data.
• Voyage related data.
• Safety-related messages.
Static data.

• IMO number.
• Call sign.
• Vessels name.
• Vessels dimensions (length and beam).
• Vessel type.
• Location of position-fixing antenna on the ship (common reference
point).

Updated every 6 minutes.


Dynamic data.

• Vessels position (GPS).


• Time in UTC (GPS).
• Course over ground (GPS).
• Speed over ground (Speedlog/GPS).
• Heading (gyro compass).
• Navigational status (input operator).
• Rate of turn (ROT indicator).

Update rate depends on vessels status and speed.


Voyage related data.

• Vessels draft (input operator).


• Cargo type (input operator).
• Destination (input operator).
• ETA (input operator).

Updated every 6 minutes.

Destination and ETA are visible to other stations, at master’s


discretion.
Safety-related data.

Safety messages can be inserted at any time by the ship or shore


station.

Updated as needed.
Shipboard AIS system.
Possible problems with AIS data.

• Part of the AIS data is operator input.


• Possible discrepancy between AIS data and same data from other
sources (e.g. ARPA).
• Identification in areas with piracy.
• Short range system (VHF range, max 30 nM).
Error in operator input.
AIS and ARPA

GPS failure/fault:
AIS and ARPA

During course alteration:


AIS and ARPA

AIS
ARPA
Piracy
Short range.
AIS symbols
Usefull links:

• https://www.marinetraffic.com/
• https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_Identification_System
• http://www.aishub.net/
• And many more (google “ais live”).
Homework.

Read reader “Complete guide to AIS”. This reader can be found on


BlackBoard in the section readers.

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