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Language and The Brain

Language

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29 views21 pages

Language and The Brain

Language

Uploaded by

znbfbv6c4y
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Language and

the brain
By: HANANE AADID
HAJAR BENCHAIB
AIT OUCHEN CHAIMAE
FATIMA ZOHRA AGOUZOUL
TABLE OF CONTENTS

TONGUE AND EAR


01 THE BRAIN AREAS 02 SLIPS

FUTURE DIRECTION

03 04
OF
TYPES OF APHASIAS NEUROLINGUISTICS
01
BRAIN
AREAS
ARCUATE
FASCICULUS
Motor cortex

GUSTAV FRITSCH
EDVARD HITZIG
WERNICKe’s
area(posterior
speech cortex)
BROCA’s
AREA(anterior BY CARL
speech cortex) WERNICKE

BY PAUL
BROCA
BROCA WERNICKE

Patient: A patient with a stroke that


affected the left frontal lobe. Patient: A patient with a stroke that
Symptoms: Difficulty producing affected the left temporal lobe.
speech, often using single words or Symptoms: Difficulty understanding
phrases. spoken and written language.
Discovery: Paul Broca observed this Discovery: Carl Wernicke observed
patient and concluded that the this patient and concluded that the
damaged area was responsible for damaged area was responsible for
language production. language comprehension.
ARCUATE MOTOR CORTEX
FASCICULUS

Patient: A patient with damage to the white Animal Studies: Experiments with
matter tract connecting Wernicke's and animals showed that damage to the
Broca's areas. frontal lobe, specifically the motor cortex,
Symptoms: Difficulty repeating words and impaired their ability to control voluntary
phrases, often substituting or omitting movements, including those involved in
sounds. speech production.
Discovery: The connection between Human Studies: Cases of patients with
Wernicke's and Broca's areas was inferred damage to the motor cortex revealed
from patients with this type of damage, similar difficulties in producing speech,
leading to the identification of the arcuate often resulting in slurred or distorted
fasciculus. speech.
Auditory cortex Visual cortex

Wernicke's area
(input device)
(language comprehension)

Arcuate (internal
fasciculus bus/connection)

Broca's area
(output device)
(speech production)

MOTOR CORTEX
02 TIPS OF TONGUE
DEFINITION

TIP OF TONGUE is a
phenomenon in which a person
knows a word but cannot recall it
at the moment
REASONS OF TIPS OF TONGUE
INTERFERENCE RETRIEVAL FAILURE
Sometimes other words that Sometimes the word is
are similar in sound or stored in your memory, but
meaning can block the you can not access it due to
retrieval of the target word. a lack of cues or triggers.

ENCODING FAILURE AGING


Sometimes the word was As people get older,
not encoded well enough they tend to experience
in your memory in the first more problems.
place.
SLIPS OF THE TONGUE

ANTICIPATION BLENDS PERSEVERATION


EXAMPLE: EXAMPLE: EXAMPLE:
● Intended: Free throw ● Intended: “great” or ● Intended: Black boxes
● Error: “Three throw” “good” ● Error: “Black bloxes”
● Error: “Grood”
SLIPS OF THE EAR
Song Lyrics
● Intended: "Excuse me while I kiss the sky" (from Jimi Hendrix's Purple Haze).
● Misheard: "Excuse me while I kiss this guy.

Instructions
● Intended: "We need a new direction."
● Misheard: "We need a nude erection."

Announcement in a Store
● Intended: "The store will be closing in five minutes."
● Misheard: "The store will be frozen in five minutes."
03. Aphasia
Is a disorder that results from damage to
portions of the brain that are responsible
for language .
The disorder impairs the expression and
understanding of language as well as
reading and writing .
Classification Of Aphasia
Nonfluent Fluent
● Speech flows more easily .
● Speech is difficult or halting . ● Sentence structure is relatively
● Grammar is impaired . intact but lacks meaning .
● language comprehension ➔ Wernicke's aphasia ( damage in
relatively intact . Wernicke's area)
➔ Broca's aphasia (Broca's area ) ➔ Conduction aphasia ( damage in
➔ Global aphasia (damage is the arcuate fasciculus )
located both in Broca's and
Wernicke's area )
Features of Different Aphasia Types
Dichotic listening test
An experimental technique that has
demonstrated a left hemisphere dominance
for syllable and word processing This
technique uses the generally established fact
that anything experienced on the right-hand
side of the body is processed in the left
hemisphere, and anything on the left side is
processed in the right hemisphere. So, a basic
assumption would be that a signal coming in
the right ear will go to the left hemisphere
and a signal coming in the left ear will go to
the right hemisphere.
Future direction
of
neurolinguistics
The definition of
neurolinguistic
it is the study of how our brain
processes language like how we
talk, understand, and learn
languages, and what happens in
the brain when we use language.
Future innovations in neurolinguistics

BRAIN SCANS Genetics BRAIN RECOVERY


They study how our
Scientists use special genes affect language Researchers are looking
scans to see which parts abilities,like why some at how the brain can
of the brain work when people have trouble with relearn language after
we speak or listen. reading or speaking. an injury.

BRAIN SIGNALS BILINGUAL BRAINS AI AND LANGUAGE


Scientists are developing They are also studying how AI is being used to
devices that can read speaking more than one understand how the
brain signals and turn language helps keep the brain processes
them into speech. brain healthy as we age. language.
outcome
In the future, neurolinguistics will advance
with brain scans, new therapies, brain signals,
and AI improving how we understand and
treat language. These innovations will help us
better understand the brain and improve
language recovery."
conclusion
● The human brain, primarily in the left hemisphere, enables
language.
● Early exposure (critical period) is crucial for language
development. Language disorders like aphasia highlight the
brain's delicate language centers.
● Understanding these helps us support language learning and
address disorders.
THANKS
!

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