Nomenclature+Lecture CHEM+300+&+305
Nomenclature+Lecture CHEM+300+&+305
• An empirical formula gives you the relative number of atoms of each element in a compound.
• A molecular formula gives the actual number of atoms of each element in a molecule of the
— For many compounds the molecular formula is the same as the empirical formula.
On Elements and Compounds
Atomic Molecular
• Two atoms of that element bonded together as their
• Molecular Compounds are compounds that are formed from two or more nonmetals.
• Ionic Compounds are composed of one or more cations paired with one or more anions.
• In most cases, the cations are metals [because they tend to lose electrons] & the anions
Example: NaCl
Example 3
Classify each substance as an atomic element, molecular element, molecular compound, or ionic
compound.
(a) Chlorine (Cl2)
(b) NO
(c) Au
(d) Na2O
(e) CrCl3
Example 3
Classify each substance as an atomic element, molecular element, molecular compound, or ionic
compound.
(a) Bromine (Br2)
(b) NaCl
(c) O2
(d) Fe
(e) N2O4
Writing Formulae for Ionic Compounds
be ionic.
• In the chemical formula, the sum of the charges of the cations (positive
charges), must always equal the sum of the charges of the anions
(negative ions).
• Many elements form only one type of ion with a predicable charge.
Zn2+
Ag+
Writing Formulae for Monoatomic Ions
To write the chemical formula for an ionic compound containing monoatomic ions
use the following steps:
1. Write the symbol for the metal and its charge followed by the symbol of the
nonmetal and its charge. Use the periodic table to determine the charges if the
ionic compound is made up of two non-metals.
2. Made the magnitude of the charge on each ion (without the sign) become the
subscript for the opposite ion.
3. If possible, reduce the subscripts to give a ratio with the smallest whole
numbers.
4. Check to make sure that the sum of the charges of the cations exactly cancels
the sum of the charges of the anions.
Writing Formulae for Monoatomic Ions – Example 4
To write the chemical formula for an ionic compound
containing monoatomic ions use the following steps:
Use the steps for writing the formula of a
1. Write the symbol for the metal and its charge monoatomic ion to write the formula for the
followed by the symbol of the nonmetal and
its charge. Use the periodic table to
compound that forms from strontium and
determine the charges if the ionic compound chlorine.
is made up of two non-metals.
To write the chemical formula for an ionic compound containing polyatomic ions you will need to memorize
some of the common polyatomic ions! This can also be found on the periodic table of ions, available on CANVAS.
Make Flashcards!!!
To write the chemical formula for an ionic compound containing polyatomic ions use
the following steps:
1. Write the symbol for the metal and its charge followed by the symbol of the
polyatomic ion and its charge. [You need to memorize polyatomic ions and their
charges] .
2. Use the magnitude of the charge on each ion as the subscript for the other ion.
3. If possible, reduce the subscripts to give a ratio with the smallest whole numbers.
4. Check to make sure that the sum of the charges of the cations exactly cancels the
sum of the charges of the anions.
Writing Formulae for Polyatomic Ions – Example 6
To write the chemical formula for an ionic Use the steps for writing the formula of a
compound containing polyatomic ions use
polyatomic ion write a formula for the
the following steps:
compound that forms from calcium and
1. Write the symbol for the metal and its
charge followed by the symbol of the
phosphate
polyatomic ion and its charge. [You
need to memorize polyatomic ions and
their charges] .
2. Use the magnitude of the charge on
each ion as the subscript for the other
ion.
3. If possible, reduce the subscripts to
give a ratio with the smallest whole
numbers.
4. Check to make sure that the sum of the
charges of the cations exactly cancels
the sum of the charges of the anions.
Writing Formulae for Polyatomic Ions – Example 7
To write the chemical formula for an ionic Use the steps for writing the formula of a
compound containing polyatomic ions use
polyatomic ion write a formula for the
the following steps:
compound that forms from sodium and sulfite
1. Write the symbol for the metal and its
charge followed by the symbol of the
ions.
polyatomic ion and its charge. [You Hint – Pay attention to the suffixes –ite vs. –ate.
need to memorize polyatomic ions and
their charges] .
2. Use the magnitude of the charge on
each ion as the subscript for the other
ion.
3. If possible, reduce the subscripts to
give a ratio with the smallest whole
numbers.
4. Check to make sure that the sum of the
charges of the cations exactly cancels
the sum of the charges of the anions.
Naming Compounds
• By knowing these rules, you can examine a compound’s formula and determine its name or vice versa.
• Many compounds also have common names (but we will focus on naming compounds using the naming
• Common names are often used but can only be learned through familiarity.
• Remember that the world around us is made up of chemicals, quite a lot of chemicals have common
• The first step to naming any compound is identification of the type of compound you are
dealing with so that you can apply the correct naming conventions.
• Remember that ionic compounds are ones that involve two ions. This usually means that
the compound will have a metal and a non-metal (or polyatomic ion)
ie. Sodium =
ie. Iron =
Naming Ionic Compounds with Type 2 Metals
• The first step to naming any compound is identification of the type of compound you are
dealing with so that you can apply the correct naming conventions.
• Remember that ionic compounds are ones that involve two ions. This usually means that
the compound will have a metal and a non-metal (or polyatomic ion)
ie. Sodium =
ie. Iron =
Type 2 Metals to Memorize
Chromium (II) Cr2+ 2+
• These are the type 2 ions you Chromium (III) Cr3+ 3+
exams.
Copper (II) Cu2+ 2+
Zn2+
Ag+
How to Name Ionic Compounds
conventions.
one metal.
charge.
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Naming Ionic Compounds –Example 8
KBr
Zn3N2
Naming Ionic Compounds –Example 9
a. PbO
b. TiO2
Polyatomic Ions
a. NH4CN
b. Mg(NO3)2
Naming Ionic Compounds –Example 12
a. Cu(C2H3O2)2
b. CaCO3
c. NaClO4
d. NaClO3
e. NaClO2
f. NaClO
Ionic Nomenclature – Example 13
b. Calcium Phosphate
c. Barium Oxide
e. Silver Carbonate
Naming Molecular Compounds
a. N2O4
b. P2O5
c. SF6
Naming Acids
Base Name
Hydro- -ic acid
of Non-Metal
prefix
ending
b. HI (aq)
c. HBr (aq)
d. H2S (aq)
e. H3P (aq)
39
Naming Binary Acids vs. Molecular Compounds
Chemical formulas for ALL acids must contain the (aq) state of
matter.
Name the oxyacids using the naming conventions from the previous slide.
a. H2SO4 (aq)
b. H2SO3 (aq)
Naming Oxyacids – Example 17
Name the oxyacids using the naming conventions from the previous slide.
a. H3PO4 (aq)
b. H3PO3 (aq)
Naming Oxyacids – Example 18
Name the oxyacids using the naming conventions from the previous slide.
a. HNO2 (aq)
b. HClO (aq)
c. HClO4 (aq)
Nomenclature Flowchart