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ICT_NOTES_CHPT3

The document discusses the types and components of computer systems, focusing on operating systems and user interfaces. It outlines various operating systems like Windows, MacOS, and Unix, along with their characteristics, advantages, and disadvantages. Additionally, it describes different user interfaces, including Command Line, Graphical User, Dialogue-based, and Gesture-based interfaces, highlighting their pros and cons.

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Mark Hallow
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4 views9 pages

ICT_NOTES_CHPT3

The document discusses the types and components of computer systems, focusing on operating systems and user interfaces. It outlines various operating systems like Windows, MacOS, and Unix, along with their characteristics, advantages, and disadvantages. Additionally, it describes different user interfaces, including Command Line, Graphical User, Dialogue-based, and Gesture-based interfaces, highlighting their pros and cons.

Uploaded by

Mark Hallow
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Information & Communication

Technology (ICT) CHAPTER 1


TYPES &
COMPONENTS OF
COMPUTER SYSTEMS
1.3 Operating
Systems

Ms. Masarrah
Learning Objectives
Identify the hardware and software that make up a computer
11 system, including input and output devices and operating
systems used to run computers

2 Discuss types of applications software, systems software and


their different roles

Describe the internal components of a computer and how they


3 work together to run the system effectively
Learning Objectives
4 Understand the characteristics of analogue and digital data

Understand the different types of operating systems and identify


5 the different types of user interface that are available

Compare the advantages and disadvantages of different types of


6 computer

Discover how emerging technologies are impacting on many


7 aspects of everyday life.
Operating Systems
A set of programs that controls how the computer interacts with the users
and the peripherals (external devices such as printers, monitors, keyboards)

Windows MacOS Unix


First introduced by Microsoft in Operating system used on Apple The first widely used operating
1985 but did not have a full computers and introduced in 1984. It system. Developed in the 1960s.
graphical user interface (GUI) was fully GUI from the start. macOS was developed from Unix.
until 1995.
Expensive Expensive and the user is forced to Still widely used today in large,
only use Apple hardware. commercial organizations. It is open
source, free to use.

Most popular operating system As there are fewer Apple computers About 1 % of computers use Unix.
on none- Apple PCs. 90% of than other PCs, it is less popular.
computers use Windows. About 10% of computers use macOS.

As it is the most popular it is As it is less popular, there is very little Even less malware than macOS.
targeted by far more malware malware.
such as viruses.
User Interfaces
Users interact with operating system through a user interface that converts what
a user inputs to a form that the computer can understand and vice versa.

Types of user
interfaces
Command Line Graphical User
Interface (CLI) Interface (GUI)

Dialogue-based Gesture-based
Interface Interface
Command Line Interface (CLI)

Users had to type in commands to instruct the


computer

Advantages Disadvantages
CLIs require very little processing so run very Commands need to be learnt and often are
quickly and on computers that aren't not obvious.
powerful.
The user must be careful not to make any
Advanced computer users who know how to typing errors, otherwise the computer will
use the commands can operate them faster not be able to understand the commands
than users who need to move a mouse. and carry them out.
Looks intimidating for new users.
Graphical User Interface (GUI)
Use the windows, icons, menus, and pointers to allow users to
open and interact with programs (WIMP Interface).

Advantages Disadvantages

It is intuitive as files and directories are GUIs use up a lot of the computer's internal
represented by icons. memory to run.
Users do not have to learn complicated They are large and take up lots of storage
commands; they merely have to click a space.
mouse or select an item from a menu.
They need to use the CPU a lot more than
It is easy to use, for example, to move a file a CUs.
user just has to drag an onscreen Can be slower for experienced users as they
representation (icon) of that file. have to take their hands off the keyboard
and search for a mouse.
Dialogue-based Interface
Allows a user to interact with a computer through
the spoken word

Advantages Disadvantages
It allows hands-free control. Users have to learn which commands can
be used.
The user does not have to be trained but may have Users have to train the interface with their
to learn the necessary key words that the computer voice.
will accept.
It is safer when operating machinery such driving and May not be reliable especially if there is
is useful for disabled users. background noise.
Not suitable for safety-critical commands.

Complex to program and are therefore


expensive.
Gesture-based Interface
Uses computer sensors to detect and understand human
gestures and movements, usually of the face and hands, without
touching a physical device

Advantages Disadvantages
The user does not have to use a mouse or Users have to learn the gestures for
other pointing device. particular requests.

The user does not have to enter commands A system is required to recognise face
using a keyboard. movements and hand gestures.
The user does not have to move to the device Users may have to wear motion tracking
as they can make the gestures from where gloves.
they are sitting or standing.
The user does not have to touch a screen that Users may become fatigued after
others have been touching. It prevents to performing the gestures.
spread of disease.

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