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Sample Problems 3.3 Irrigation Effieciencies

The document provides examples and calculations for determining various irrigation efficiencies, including irrigation, reservoir storage, conveyance, and application efficiencies. It includes sample problems for estimating overall irrigation efficiency and discusses the principal data needed for farm irrigation system design. Key factors such as climate, crop distribution, soil characteristics, water supply, energy source, and capital/labor availability are highlighted as essential for effective irrigation planning.

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41 views4 pages

Sample Problems 3.3 Irrigation Effieciencies

The document provides examples and calculations for determining various irrigation efficiencies, including irrigation, reservoir storage, conveyance, and application efficiencies. It includes sample problems for estimating overall irrigation efficiency and discusses the principal data needed for farm irrigation system design. Key factors such as climate, crop distribution, soil characteristics, water supply, energy source, and capital/labor availability are highlighted as essential for effective irrigation planning.

Uploaded by

elayegeta
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Sample examples

Example 3.1 Computing the efficiency of an individual irrigation


Given:
 1900 lit/min is diverted into farm each day (24 hours)
 Each day 0.6 ha of corn and 1.0 ha of alfalfa are irrigated
 Readily Available Water for corn is 8 cm
 Readily Available Water for alfalfa is 15 cm
 Assume that water is uniformly applied over each field
Required:
 Irrigation efficiency for the farm
Solution:
I
E i  100 
S
Where
Ei= irrigation efficiency
I=irrigation requirement
S=amount of water supplied to the farm
 60 min   m3 
S  (1900lit / sec) (24hr )   2736m 3
 h   1000lit 
 1m  10000m 
2
I  ((8cm)(0.6ha)  (15cm)(1ha))    1980m 3
 100cm  ha 
 1980 
Ei  100   72.4%
 2736 
EXAMPLE 3.2 Computing Reservoir Storage Efficiency
Given:
 3220 l/min are being turned into a reservoir
Required:
 Reservoir storage efficiency for a 24 h period during which 2650 lit/min are being diverted from the reservoir
R
Er  100( loss )
Rin
Solution:
 m3 

Rin  (3220lit / min)( 24hr )(60 min/ hour )   4637m 3

 1000lit 
 m3 
Rout  (2650lit / min)( 24hr )(60 min/ hour )   3816m 3
 1000lit 
3816
Er  100( )  90.5%
4637
EXAMPLE 3.3 Computing Conveyance Efficiency
Given:
 2650 lit/min of water is being turned into an unlined canal from the reservoir in Example 3.2
 96 furrows are required to irrigate a field
 the inflow rate to 26 of the furrows is 19 l/min
 the inflow rate to 70 of furrows is 27 l/min
Required:
 Conveyance efficiency
Solution
V 
Ec  100 out 
 Vin 
 26 * 19 * t  70 * 27 * t 
Ec  100 
 2650 * t 
 2384 
Ec  100   90.0%
 2650 
EXAMPLE 3.4 Computing Application Efficiency
Given:
 Each day 0.6 ha of corn and 1.0 ha of alfalfa are irrigated
 Readily Available Water for corn is 8 cm
 Readily Available Water for alfalfa is 15 cm
 Corn is irrigated with 26 furrows each discharging 19 lit/min
 Alfalfa is irrigated with 70 furrows each discharging 27 lit/min
 Assume that water is uniformly applied over each field
Required:
 Application efficiency for
a. Corn
b. Alfalfa
c. Farm
Solution
a. Corn
 1m  10000m 
2
Vused  (0.6ha)(8cm)    480m 3
 100 cm  ha 
 60 min  1m 
3
Vadded  (26 furrow)(19lit / min/ furrow)(24hours)    711m 3
 hr  1000lit 
 480 
E a  100   67.5%
 711 

b. Alfalfa
 1m  10000m 
2
Vused  (1.0ha)(15cm)    1500m 3
 100cm  ha 
 60 min  1m 
3
Vadded  (70 furrow)(27lit / min/ furrow)(24hours)    2722m 3
 hr  1000lit 
 1500 
E a  100   55.1%
 2722 

c. Alfalfa
 480  1500 
E a  100   57.7%
 711  2722 
EXAMPLE 3.5 Overall Irrigation Efficiency for the Farm irrigation System in Examples 3.2, 3.3 and 3.4
Given:
Er, Ec and Ea, values from Examples 3.2, 3.3 and 3.4
Required:
Et, for farm
Solution:
 90.5  90.0  57.7 
Et  (100)     47.0%
 100  100  100 
Thus, 47.0 percent of the water delivered to the reservoir is beneficially used by the crop.
EXAMPLE 3.6
Calculation of Irrigation Demand at the Field
For a 1 ha field of maize in a large field on heavy soils irrigated by furrow irrigation:
 depth of water needed to fill the root zone = 75 mm;
 application efficiency = 0.70;
 distribution efficiency = 0.6;
Total depth of application = 75/0.70 = 107 mm;
Flow required to irrigate 1 ha in 1 day = 107 × 0.1157a = 12.4 l/s;
Requirement at tertiary unit intake = 12.4/0.6 = 20.63 l/s.
aNote: An irrigation depth of 1 mm applied in 1 day (24 h) = 0.1157 l/s/ha.

Sample problems

1. 6500 lit/min is diverted from a stream to irrigate a 25-ha hay field. It takes a week to irrigate the entire field. The readily
available water holding capacity of the soil for hay is 15 cm. Estimate the overall irrigation efficiency.

2. A 0.5-ha portion of a corn field is irrigated once a week with a sprinkle irrigation system for 12 hours. Water is applied at a
rate of 1000 lit/min. There is no runoff. The readily available water holding capacity of the soil for corn is 10 cm. Determine
the overall irrigation efficiency.

3. In order to evaluate irrigation system performance, an irrigator used a neutron probe to measure the water content of the
soil before and after irrigation. Sampling sites were located in a 100-m-square grid throughout the field. The data in the
following table are the average water contents of the top 100 cm of soil in percent by volume. The water content when the
soil is at field capacity is 30 percent by volume.
Soil water content before irrigation
14.3 16.1 15.2 13.3 14.8 15.5
15.2 15.4 13.6 15.8 14.3 15.5
16.2 14.9 15.4 13.8 14.5 15.0
12.9 14.2 15.0 16.4 17.1 16.2
14.9 15.3 14.8 15.9 14.2 15.3
Soil water content after irrigation
30.2 29.8 31.5 32.0 31.5 29.8
30.5 30.4 31.2 31.6 31.8 32.1
29.4 28.5 31.0 31.2 29.9 30.5
30.6 31.2 31.5 30.1 29.5 30.8
31.0 31.4 30.6 29.8 32.5 32.0
Determine:
a) the uniformity of application,
b) the distribution uniformity, and
c) the storage efficiency.
Principal Data Needed for Farm Irrigation System Design
Data Specific Requirements
Climate Several years of temperature, relative humidity, wind, or solar radiation data for estimating daily irrigation
requirements for each crop (Precise climatic requirements depend on the ET method used)
Crop Areal distributioh and amount (area) of each crop to be grown; suitability of each crop to climate, soils,
farming practices, markets, etc.; Kc values, planting dates, etc., for each crop to be grown over the
expected life of the project
Soils Areal distribution of soils; water holding and infiltration characteristics, depth, drainage requirements,
salinity, erodibility of each soil.
Water supply Location of water source; water surface elevation; hydrologic and water quality information for assessing
the availability and suitability of the water for irrigation; water right information
Energy source Location, availability, and type of source(s); cost information
Capital and labor Capital available for system development and availability, level of technical skill, and cost of labor
Other Topographic map showing location of roads, buildings, drainways, and other physical features that
influence design; financial situation of farmer, farmer preferences.

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