Misplaced and Dangling Modifiers
Misplaced and Dangling Modifiers
Note: This document should only be used as a reference and should not replace assignment guidelines.
A modifier is a word or phrase that describes another word or phrase. The most frequent mistakes that
occur with modifiers are misplaced modifiers and dangling modifiers.
Misplaced Modifiers
A modifier that is placed too far away from the word it describes is called a misplaced modifier.
Modifiers should be placed as close as possible to the word or words they describe in order to avoid
confusion. There are three simple steps to correcting a misplaced modifier:
STEP 1: Find the modifier: in my pajamas
STEP 2: Identify what word the modifier was intended to modify: I
STEP 3: Place the modifier as close as possible to the word or phrase it is supposed to describe:
In my pajamas, I shot an elephant. OR While wearing my pajamas, I shot an elephant.
Dangling Modifiers
A dangling modifier is a modifier that lacks a word or group of words to modify. Usually, a dangling
modifier is found near the beginning of the sentence and starts with either a verb + ing or a to + verb
phrase.
EXAMPLE: Sighing with sadness, the expensive shoes were returned to the salesman.
Who sighed with sadness, the expensive shoes or the salesman? Neither: I did, but I am
not in the sentence.
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