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Foreign Policy of Pakistan: Rohail Nazir 44 CTP, Commerce & Trade Group

The document outlines the foreign policy of Pakistan, emphasizing its objectives, determinants, and historical context. It discusses the evolution of Pakistan's foreign relations, particularly in the wake of global changes, and highlights key challenges such as balancing relations with the US and China. The document also reflects on national interests, guiding principles, and the need for a strategic approach to address contemporary issues.

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Saeedud Din Khan
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11 views19 pages

Foreign Policy of Pakistan: Rohail Nazir 44 CTP, Commerce & Trade Group

The document outlines the foreign policy of Pakistan, emphasizing its objectives, determinants, and historical context. It discusses the evolution of Pakistan's foreign relations, particularly in the wake of global changes, and highlights key challenges such as balancing relations with the US and China. The document also reflects on national interests, guiding principles, and the need for a strategic approach to address contemporary issues.

Uploaded by

Saeedud Din Khan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Foreign Policy of Pakistan

Rohail Nazir
44th CTP, Commerce & Trade Group
Learning Objectives
• Meanings of Foreign Policy
• Determinants and Objectives and processes of
Foreign Policy
• Pakistan’s Foreign Policy in Contemporary
World Order
• Challenges and Options
Scheme of Presentation

1) Understanding the Foreign Policy


2) Listing the Objectives of Foreign Policy
3) Three Eras of Foreign Policy
1) Joining the Western Camp
2) Relations with Muslim World
3) Post 9/11 Foreign Policy
4) Foreign Policy in the Wake of US-China Cold
War
Definition
• “Foreign Policy is the system of activities evolved
by communities for changing the behaviour of
other states and for adjusting their own
activities to the international environment.” —
George Modelski
• “Foreign Policy is the key element in the process
by which a state translates its broadly conceived
goals and interests into concrete courses of
action and to attain these objectives and
preserve its interests.” —Padelford and Loncoln
Definition
“Foreign policy, solely guided by a country’s
national interest, is used as a tool by a
particular country for dealing with the outside
world in various areas such as security,
economy, trade, commerce, culture and
technology.”
(Dr. Raja Muhammad Khan)
“states neither having permanent friends nor
permanent enemies”
Definition
• “Foreign Policy is a thought-out course of action
for achieving objectives in foreign relations as
dictated by the ideology of national interest.” —
(Dr. Mohinder Kumar)

• “Our foreign policy needs to support our energy,


economic, defense and domestic policies. It all
falls within the arch of national interest. There
will be windows of opportunity, but they will
open and close quickly”
(Chuck Hagel)
“ Foreign Policy is the external aspect of national
policy. It covers the whole gamut of global,
regional and neighborhood developments,
movements and strategies. Powerful vested
interests define national interests and make
foreign policy”
(Shamshad Ahmed)
Key Points
1. Foreign Policy –to achieve national interest
(economic, security, political, social etc)
2. Foreign Policy – in the international arena (we try to
change the behaviour of other states in our own
benefit)
3. National Interest is based on the powerful vested
interest. National interest is defined by the strong
vested interest.
Example: (9/11 Incident-Musharraf-The dictator- Democracy related
sanctions- Poor economy-no international trade-no debt-yes, we are
with you-Nation’s Consent-National loss-Paid a heavy price- Personal
Interest Fulfils- Political Legitimacy, West should recognize Musharaf as
the legitimate leader of Pakistan)
Determinants (Sensitivities) of Foreign
Policy
• External Determinants
– Power Structure
– International Organizations
– World Public Opinion (Soft Image)
– Alliances and Treaties
– Neighborhoods

• Internal Determinants
– Influence of History
– National Factor (China Vs Japan)
– Natural Resources
– Economic Plans
– Role of Media and Think Tanks
– Power dynamics
– Popular Sentiment
Jinnah’s Vision
“Our foreign policy is one of the friendliness and goodwill
toward all the nations of the world. We do not cherish
aggressive designs against any country or nation. We
believe in the principle of honesty and fair-play in
national and international dealings and are prepared to
make the utmost contribution to the peace and
prosperity among the nations of the world. Pakistan will
never be found lacking in extending its material and
moral support to the oppressed and suppressed people of
the world and in upholding the principles of United
Nations Charter”
(Jinnah)
Guiding Principle
“It is of vital importance to Pakistan and India as
independent, sovereign states to collaborate in a friendly
way to jointly defend their frontiers, both on land and sea
against any aggression. But it depends entirely on
whether India and Pakistan can resolve their own
differences. If we can put our house in order internally,
then we may be able to play a very great part externally
in all international affairs. The Indian Government should
shed their superiority complex and deal with Pakistan on
equal footing and fully appreciate the realities”
(Jinnah)
Stated Objectives of Pakistan’s Foreign Policy
(Given by MOFA)
1. The primary objective of Pakistan’s foreign policy is to safeguard the
national security, territorial integrity and political sovereignty of the
country.
2. To protect Pakistan’s economic interests abroad.
3. To project the image of Pakistan as a progressive, modern and
democratic Islamic country.
4. To promote peace, stability and friendly relations with Afghanistan.
5. To find the resolution of all disputes with India including the issue of
Kashmir. Raise the Kashmir issue on international forums.
6. To forge cordial and friendly relations with all neighbors, Muslim
countries and the larger international community.
7. To fulfill its responsibilities as a responsible member of the
international community.
8. To prevent and respond to threats and capitalize on opportunities.
9. To safeguard the interests of Pakistani diaspora.
Identifying the National Interests in Muslim
Ummah
1. Shia-Sunni Division
2. Arab and Islamic Nationalism
3. Democracy or Sultanate
4. Revolution or Status Quo
5. Neighbours (Security and Sovereignty)
6. Palestine and Kashmir
7. Re-invigoration of OIC Vs Arab Leage
8. Diaspora
9. Aid and Investment
10. National Sentiment
11. Vested Interests of the ruling class
12. Energy Security
13. Trust (Who stands with us in difficult times?)
14. India
15. Kashmir
National Interests of Pakistan
• Security from Outside Aggression
• Kashmir
• Afghanistan- Durand Line and Friendlier Government
• Un-Embroiled in global/regional quagmires
• Economic Survival
• State sans Terrorism
• Support for freedom fighters
• Responsible Nuclear State
• Democracy, Market Economy
• Not a theocratic State but wants to retain Islamic Identity
• Friendlier relations with Muslim Countries
• Thwart India on every forum especially from becoming a veto
power in UNSC, Nuclear Suppliers Group
Current Challenges
Unipolar to Multipolar Transformation of World Order
• Pakistan is to walk a tightrope between US and China
• Interests with USA
– Remittances (4 B$)
– Exports (7 B$)
– Technology Up-gradation
– Military Hardware
– Influence over international institutions
– Inflow of dollars
– Confluence of Social and Religious beliefs
• Interests with China
– Rival of India
– Last support (AIID, ADB)
– Infrastructure development
– Neighbor
– Shanghai Cooperation Organization
– Relations with Ummah and Middle East
Changing World Order and Challenges
for Pakaistan
1. Economic
2. Social
3. Political
4. Choosing between the two – security or
economic growth
5. Fear of being Left alone – Utility for US or
China
Way Forward
Suggestions
Foreign Policy

https://www.dawn.com/news/1778939
Past Paper Questions
1. Propose prospective foreign policy options
for Pakistan in the wake of Russian invasion
of Ukraine on 24 February 2022. (2022)
2. Pakistan joined Western Camp immediately
after independence. What were the factors
behind this choice and what were the other
options available? Give reasons in detail.

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