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The document is a problem set for ECO261A: Introduction to Mathematical Economics, consisting of various mathematical proofs and concepts related to sequences, set theory, and topology. It includes tasks such as proving convergence of sequences, analyzing the properties of sets, and demonstrating the compactness of subsets. The problems encourage independent problem-solving and logical argumentation.

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17 views2 pages

Ps 1

The document is a problem set for ECO261A: Introduction to Mathematical Economics, consisting of various mathematical proofs and concepts related to sequences, set theory, and topology. It includes tasks such as proving convergence of sequences, analyzing the properties of sets, and demonstrating the compactness of subsets. The problems encourage independent problem-solving and logical argumentation.

Uploaded by

avik124
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ECO261A: Introduction to Mathematical Economics

Problem Set 1

Please try solving all the questions on your own. Some problems may appear simple,
but you should try writing their solutions in order to practice writing the arguments
logically.

1. (a) Prove that if {xn }∞


n=1 and {yn }n=1 are two sequences with limits x and y then
∞

the sequence {xn − yn }∞n=1 converges to x − y .

n=1 and {yn }n=1 are two sequences with limits x and y then
(b) Prove that if {xn }∞ ∞

the sequence {xn yn }∞


n=1 converges to xy .

(c) Prove that if {xn }∞ n=1 and {yn }n=1 are two sequences with limits x and y then
∞

the sequence { xynn }∞


n=1 converges to y . (Assume that all yn and y are non-zero.)
x

2. For each of the following sets show whether they are open, closed, both or neither.

(a) {(x, y) : −2 < x < 3, y = 0}


(b) {(x, y) : x − y = −1}
(c) {(x, y) : x = 0 or y = 0}
(d) {(x, y) : x < −y}
(e) {(x, y) : x and y are integers}
(f) {1, 21 , 14 , 18 , . . .}

Also, which of these sets are compact? Which of these are connected?

3. Show that the closed intervals in R of the form {x : a ≤ x ≤ b} for any xed
numbers a and b are closed sets.

4. Suppose S ⊂ Rm and its complement is the set T . Show that cl S is the complement
of int T . (Notice that cl A means the closure of set A and int A means the interior
of set A).

1
5. Prove that a closed subset of a compact set is compact.

6. Prove that if a sequence converges, every subsequence of it converges too.

7. Prove that for any open set S , S = int S .

8. The accumulation point of a set S is dened as the point x if every ball about x
contains points of S other than x (note that x need not be in set S ). If S is closed,
show that it contains all its accumulation points.

9. Prove that intersection of compact sets is compact. Also, prove that the nite union
of compact sets is compact. Show that the innite union of compact sets need not
be compact.

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