OBJECTIVE

TO DEMONSTRATE THE FEASIBILITY AND FUNCTIONALITY OF WIRELESS ELECTRICITY

TRANSFER BY POWERING A SMALL LED, AND TO EXPLORE THE PRINCIPLES, EFFICIENCY,
AND POTENTIAL APPLICATIONS OF WIRELESS ENERGY TECHNOLOGY IN MODERN SYSTEMS

INTRODUCTION
Wireless power transfer (WPT) is a revolutionary technology that enables the transmission
of electrical energy without the need for physical conductors. The objective of this study is
to showcase the practical application of wireless electricity transfer by illuminating a small
LED. This simple yet significant demonstration highlights the potential of WPT in modern
technologies, such as wireless charging systems for devices, medical implants, and electric
vehicles.

The concept of wireless electricity transfer is based on electromagnetic induction and

resonant inductive coupling. Electromagnetic induction, discovered by Michael Faraday in
1831, is the process by which a changing magnetic field induces an electric current in a
conductor. Building on this principle, Nikola Tesla pioneered wireless energy transmission
using resonant circuits, laying the foundation for modern WPT systems. Resonant inductive
coupling involves tuning the transmitter and receiver coils to the same resonant frequency.
This synchronization allows for efficient energy transfer by minimizing energy loss, even
over short distances.

In this project, resonant inductive coupling is utilized to transfer energy between two coils
—one acting as the transmitter and the other as the receiver. The efficiency of this transfer
depends on factors such as the distance between the coils, their alignment, and their
resonant frequencies. By lighting a small LED, this study demonstrates the practicality of
WPT and its potential to transform energy delivery systems in the future.

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 COMPONENTS REQUIRED FOR EXPERIMENTAL SET-UP
i. 9V Battery: Provides DC power
ii. 2N2222A Transistor: Acts as a switch to create oscillations
iii. Resistor: Limits the base current to transistor
iv. Primary Coil: Connected with battery to generate electromagnetic
field
v. Secondary Coil: As a receiver which is in the electromagnetic field
and inducts electricity to LED
vi. LED: To verify that the electricity is transferred wirelessly

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

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 WORKING MECHANISM
The wireless power transfer model demonstrates the efficient transmission of
energy through the air without physical connections, using the principles of
electromagnetic induction and resonant inductive coupling. This system is
designed to power a small LED wirelessly, showcasing the practicality of such
technology for various applications.
The process begins with the primary circuit, where a battery provides direct
current (DC) electricity as the energy source. This DC current is converted into
alternating current (AC) by a transistor in the circuit. AC is essential for
generating a time-varying magnetic field, which is the key to wireless energy
transfer. As the AC flows through the primary coil, it creates an oscillating
magnetic field around the coil, forming the basis for transmitting energy
wirelessly.
The energy transfer occurs when this oscillating magnetic field interacts with
the secondary coil placed nearby. According to Faraday's Law of
Electromagnetic Induction, the changing magnetic field induces an alternating
current in the secondary coil. To maximize energy transfer efficiency, the
primary and secondary coils are tuned to resonate at the same natural
frequency. This synchronization, known as resonant inductive coupling,
reduces energy losses and ensures effective power delivery even over short
distances.
In the secondary circuit, the induced alternating current is directed to the
connected LED, which acts as the load. The LED illuminates as a result,
providing a clear and simple demonstration of wireless energy transfer. The
model effectively converts energy from the primary circuit into usable power
in the secondary circuit, highlighting the practicality and efficiency of wireless
electricity.
This project not only illustrates the basic principles of wireless power transfer
but also showcases its potential for broader applications. Technologies such as
wireless charging for devices, electric vehicle charging systems, and medical
implants already leverage these principles. The success of this simple
demonstration opens the door to exploring how wireless power transfer can
further revolutionize energy delivery systems in the future.

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 FINDINGS AND OBSERVATIONS
1. Energy Transfer Success: The wireless power transfer system successfully powered
the LED, demonstrating that energy could be transferred wirelessly using
electromagnetic induction and resonant inductive coupling.
2. Electromagnetic Induction: The primary coil generated an oscillating magnetic field
due to the alternating current (AC), which induced an alternating current in the
secondary coil, thus powering the LED. This confirmed the principle of
electromagnetic induction at work.
3. Resonant Inductive Coupling: Tuning the primary and secondary coils to the same
natural frequency increased the efficiency of energy transfer. This resonant coupling
minimized energy losses and improved the overall performance of the system.
4. Effect of Distance and Alignment: As the distance between the coils increased, the
energy transfer efficiency decreased. Additionally, coil alignment played a crucial
role; better alignment resulted in more efficient power delivery. This highlighted the
importance of positioning for optimal transfer.
5. DC to AC Conversion: The transistor successfully converted the DC electricity from
the battery into AC, which was necessary for generating the oscillating magnetic
field. This process ensured the system functioned properly, as AC is essential for
wireless power transfer.
6. Real-World Applications: The model showcased the potential for wireless power
transfer in practical applications, such as wireless charging for devices and power
delivery to medical implants, confirming the viability of such technologies.
7. Energy Losses: Some energy losses were observed, especially at larger distances or
with less-than-optimal coil alignment. This indicated that further optimization, such
as fine-tuning coil design and frequency matching, is required to maximize
efficiency.
8. Potential for Future Development: The success of the project provides a foundation
for further exploration, including enhancing coil design, increasing transfer range,
and adapting the technology for larger-scale applications, such as wireless charging
for electronics or electric vehicles.

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 CONCLUSION AND APPLICATIONS

The wireless power transfer project successfully demonstrated the principles of

electromagnetic induction and resonant inductive coupling, proving that energy can be
transferred efficiently without physical connections. The system, which converts DC to AC
to create an oscillating magnetic field, was able to power an LED wirelessly. By tuning the
primary and secondary coils to the same natural frequency, energy transfer efficiency was
enhanced, showing the importance of resonant coupling in minimizing energy losses.
Although the system performed well over short distances, some energy losses were
observed with greater distances or misalignment, highlighting the need for further
optimization in coil design, alignment, and positioning.
Application
This project has several practical applications in modern technology. It demonstrates the
potential for wireless charging systems for devices like smartphones and electric vehicles,
eliminating the need for physical connectors and cables. Additionally, the system's
principles could be applied in medical devices, such as implants or sensors, where wired
connections may not be feasible. The successful demonstration of wireless power transfer
opens the door for further research into more efficient and scalable systems. As this
technology advances, it could revolutionize industries by enabling more convenient,
flexible, and sustainable power delivery methods, transforming energy distribution in the
future.

In conclusion, this wireless power transfer project has successfully shown the feasibility
and potential of wirelessly transmitting energy using electromagnetic induction and
resonant inductive coupling. While challenges such as energy losses with increased
distance and misalignment were encountered, the system proved effective in transferring
power over short distances. This project lays the groundwork for further exploration and
development of wireless energy transfer technologies, with the potential to impact various
sectors, including consumer electronics, electric vehicles, and medical devices. The success
of this project highlights the promising future of wireless power, paving the way for more
efficient and sustainable energy delivery systems in the coming years.

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 REFERENCE

Simple Wireless Power Transmission Circuit to Glow an LED/Circuit Digest

Physics Book, online tutor

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