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LRFD-Manual-2018-10-30 - 5 CONCRETE STRUCTURES - 63

This document provides guidance on the design of concrete structures in bridge projects, including the use of reinforced and prestressed concrete. It details the types of concrete mixes and their specifications, emphasizing the importance of selecting appropriate materials based on strength and application. Additionally, it includes design examples and tables summarizing concrete properties and mix types for various structural components.

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Haseeb Zaland
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16 views3 pages

LRFD-Manual-2018-10-30 - 5 CONCRETE STRUCTURES - 63

This document provides guidance on the design of concrete structures in bridge projects, including the use of reinforced and prestressed concrete. It details the types of concrete mixes and their specifications, emphasizing the importance of selecting appropriate materials based on strength and application. Additionally, it includes design examples and tables summarizing concrete properties and mix types for various structural components.

Uploaded by

Haseeb Zaland
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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JULY 2014 LRFD BRIDGE DESIGN 5-1

5. CONCRETE Reinforced and prestressed concrete are used extensively in bridge


STRUCTURES projects. In addition to general design guidance and information on
detailing practices, this section contains three design examples: a three-
span reinforced concrete slab superstructure, a 63 inch pretensioned
I-beam, and a three-span post-tensioned concrete slab superstructure.

5.1 Materials For most projects, conventional materials should be specified. Standard
materials are described in two locations: MnDOT Standard Specifications
for Construction (MnDOT Spec.) and Bridge Special Provisions.

If multiple types of concrete or reinforcement are to be used in a project,


it is the designer’s responsibility to clearly show on the plans the amount
of each material to be provided and where it is to be placed.

5.1.1 Concrete MnDOT Spec. 2461 identifies and describes concrete mix types. Based
on their strength, location of application, and durability properties,
different mixes are used for various structural concrete components.
Table 5.1.1.1 identifies the standard MnDOT concrete mix types to be
used for different bridge components.

The four or five characters used to identify a concrete mix provide


information on the properties of the mix. The first character designates
the type of concrete (with or without air entrainment requirements). The
second character identifies the grade of concrete. Each letter is
associated with a different cement-void ratio. The third character in the
label is the upper limit for the slump in inches. The fourth character
identifies the coarse aggregate gradation. The fifth character, if present,
identifies the type of coarse aggregate to be used. Note that there are
two exceptions to the above: job mixes (JM) for box girders, and high
performance concrete (HPC) mixes for bridge decks and slabs.

For HPC mixes, the first and second characters follow the description
above. For monolithically poured decks, these are followed by either
“HPC-M” or “LCHPC-M” (where the LC designates low cement). For decks
that will receive a separate wearing course, these are followed by either
“HPC-S” or “LCHPC-S” (where the LC designates low cement). For job
mixes, the first character designates the type of concrete as above, but is
followed by “JM” for mixes that will be determined by the Contractor.

In general, the standard concrete design strength is 4 ksi, and air


entrained concretes are to be used for components located above
footings and pile caps to enhance durability.
AUGUST 2016 LRFD BRIDGE DESIGN 5-2

Table 5.1.1.1 Design Concrete Mix Summary


MnDOT Concrete Mix Design Compressive Maximum
Location/Element
Designation Strength (ksi) Aggregate Size (in)

Cofferdam seals 1X62 5.0 1

Cast-in-place concrete piles and


1P62 3.0 2
spread footing leveling pads

1X62 5.0 1
Drilled shafts
3X62 5.0 1

Footings and pile caps 1G52 4.0 1½*

Abutment stems, wingwalls, cast-in-place wall


3B52 4.0 1½*
stems, pier columns, and pier caps

Integral abutment diaphragms and Same mix as used in


4.0 1
pier continuity diaphragms deck

5.0 – 9.0 at final


Pretensioned superstructures 1W82 or 3W82 1
4.5 – 7.5 at initial

Cast-in-place and precast box girders 3JM 6.0 or higher 1

3YHPC-M, 3YLCHPC-M
Monolithic decks and slabs 4.0 1
or 3Y42-M

Decks and slabs that will receive a 2 inch 3YHPC-S, 3YLCHPC-S


4.0 1
concrete wearing course or 3Y42-S

Barriers, parapets, medians, and sidewalks 3S52 4.0 1

5
Concrete wearing course 3U17A 4.0 /8

MSE wall panels, PMBW blocks, and noisewall


3Y82 4.0 1
panels

Precast box culverts, arches,


3W82 5.0 or higher 1*
and 3-sided structures

* For determination of sxe per LRFD 5.8.3.4.2, use max aggregate size ag = ¾”

Reinforced Concrete Sections


Base concrete modulus of elasticity computations on a unit weight of
0.145 kcf. Use a unit weight of 0.150 kcf for dead load calculations.

For structural modeling (determining design forces and deflections), use


gross section properties or effective section properties. For redundant
structures with redundant and nonprismatic members, model with
nonprismatic elements.

1.5
[5.4.2.4-1] For reinforced concrete elements, use: Ec  33,000  K1  w c  fc

For checks based on strength (design of reinforcement, maximum


reinforcement), use conventional strength methods (reinforcement
yielding, Whitney equivalent stress block, etc.).
JULY 2014 LRFD BRIDGE DESIGN 5-3

For checks based on service loads (fatigue, crack control, etc.), use
cracked sections with reinforcing steel transformed to an equivalent
amount of concrete.

Prestressed Concrete Elements


When computing section properties, use a modular ratio of 1 for the
prestressing strands.

For pretensioned beams (M, MN, MW, and RB) fabricated with high-
strength concrete (greater than 6.0 ksi), compute the modulus of
elasticity with the ACI 363 equation below:

Ec  1265 fc  1000 (where fc and Ec are in ksi)

For all other pretensioned and post-tensioned elements, compute the


modulus of elasticity using AASHTO LRFD Equation 5.4.2.4-1, with K1 = 1
and wc = 0.150 kcf.

For both pretensioned and post-tensioned elements, use a unit weight of


0.155 kcf for dead load calculations.

Table 5.1.1.2 summarizes concrete properties for analysis and design:

Table 5.1.1.2
Concrete Properties
Parameter Equation/Value

Reinforced Concrete Elements:


wc = 0.145 kcf for calculation of Ec
wc = 0.150 kcf for dead load calculation
Unit Weight
Pretensioned and Post-tensioned Elements:
wc = 0.150 kcf for calc. of Ec (except pretensioned beams)
wc = 0.155 kcf for dead load calculation

Pretensioned Beams:
Ec (ksi) = 33,000·K1·wc1.5·√f’c where f’c ≤ 6 ksi
Modulus of Elasticity Ec (ksi) = 1265·√f’c + 1000 where f’c> 6 ksi
All Other Concrete Elements:
Ec (ksi) = 33,000·K1·wc1.5·√f’c

Thermal Coefficient c  6.0  10 6  in /in/F

Reinf. Conc.: εsh = 0.0002 @ 28 days and 0.0005 @ 1 year


Shrinkage Strain
Prestressed Concrete: per LRFD Art. 5.4.2.3

Poisson's ratio   0.2

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