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Diffrential Relay

Differential protection is crucial for power transformers to safeguard against internal faults, which are detected using a system based on the Merz-Prize circulating current principle. The protection scheme involves star and delta connections of current transformers, with restraining coils to manage sensitivity and prevent false tripping due to transient inrush currents. Challenges such as false operation from magnetizing currents are addressed through the use of kick fuses and specialized relay characteristics.

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9 views3 pages

Diffrential Relay

Differential protection is crucial for power transformers to safeguard against internal faults, which are detected using a system based on the Merz-Prize circulating current principle. The protection scheme involves star and delta connections of current transformers, with restraining coils to manage sensitivity and prevent false tripping due to transient inrush currents. Challenges such as false operation from magnetizing currents are addressed through the use of kick fuses and specialized relay characteristics.

Uploaded by

A P
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Differential Protection of a Transformer

The transformer is one of the major equipment in power system. It is a static


device, totally enclosed and usually oil immersed, and therefore the fault occurs
on them are usually rare. But the effect of even a rare fault may be very serious
for a power transformer. Hence the protection of power transformer against
possible fault is very important.
The fault occurs on the transformer is mainly divided into two type external
faults and internal fault. External fault is cleared by the relay system outside the
transformer within the shortest possible time in order to avoid any danger to the
transformer due to these faults. The protection for internal fault in such type of
transformer is to be provided by using differential protection system.
Differential protection schemes are mainly used for protection against phase-to-
phase fault and phase to earth faults.The differential protection used for power
transformers is based on Merz-Prize circulating current principle. Such types of
protection are generally used for transformers of rating exceeding 2 MVA.

Connection for Differential Protection for Transformer


The power transformer is star connected on one side and delta connected on the
other side. The CTs on the star connected side are delta-connected and those on
delta-connected side are star-connected. The neutral of the current transformer
star connection and power transformer star connections are grounded.
The restraining coil is connected between the secondary winding of the current
transformers. Restraining coils controls the sensitive activity occurs on the
system. The operating coil is placed between the tapping point of the restraining
coil and the star point of the current transformer secondary windings.

Working of Differential Protection System


Normally, the operating coil carries no current as the current are balanced on
both the side of the power transformers. When the internal fault occurs in the
power transformer windings the balanced is disturbed and the operating coils of
the differential relay carry current corresponding to the difference of the current
among the two sides of the transformers.Thus, the relay trip the main circuit
breakers on both sides of the power transformers.
Problem Associated with Differential Protection
System
When the transformer is energizing the transient inrush of magnetizing current
is flows in the transformer. This current is as large as 10 times full load current
and its decay respectively.This magnetizing current is flows in the primary
winding of the power transformers due to which it causes a difference in current
transformer output and it makes the differential protection of the transformer to
operate falsely.
To overcome this problem the kick fuse is placed across the relay coil. These
fuses are of the time-limit type with an inverse characteristic and do not operate
in short duration of the switch in the surge. When the fault occurs the fuses blow
out and the fault current flows through the relay coils and operate the protection
system. This problem can also be overcome by using a relay with an inverse and
definite minimum type characteristic instead of an instantaneous type.
The restraining coil controls the sensitive characteristic of the relay. It restricts
the unwanted tripping of the transformer due to the imbalance current. The
restraining coil also restrains the harmonics in the inrush current.

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