VECTOR INTEGRATION

Introduction.
In this lesson, we address properties of line integrals. Double and triple integrals have to be
evaluated by expressing them as repeated integrals.

Line integrals
The integral of a single variable is the simplest example of a ‘line integral’. A line integral is
just an integral of a function along a path or curve. That is;
∮ 𝐹⃗ ∙ 𝑑𝑟⃗
Where
𝑟⃗ = 𝑥𝑖̂ + 𝑦𝑗̂ + 𝑧𝑘̂
Thus, we have;
𝑑𝑟⃗ = 𝑑𝑥𝑖̂ + 𝑑𝑦𝑗̂ + 𝑑𝑧𝑘̂

Therefore, given that 𝐹⃗ = 𝐹1 𝑖̂ + 𝐹2 𝑗̂ + 𝐹3 𝑘̂

∮ 𝐹⃗ ∙ 𝑑𝑟⃗ = ∮(𝐹1 𝑖̂ + 𝐹2 𝑗̂ + 𝐹3 𝑘̂) ∙ (𝑑𝑥𝑖̂ + 𝑑𝑦𝑗̂ + 𝑑𝑧𝑘̂) = ∮ 𝐹1 𝑑𝑥 + 𝐹2 𝑑𝑦 + 𝐹3 𝑑𝑧

If 𝐹⃗ is the force on a particle, then the above line integral represents the work done. In
aerodynamics and fluid mechanics, this integral is called the circulation of 𝐴⃗.

NB If ∮ 𝐴⃗ ∙ 𝑑𝑟⃗ = 0, then 𝐴⃗ is called a conservative vector field.

Example
Find the total work done in moving a particle in a force field given by 𝐹⃗ = 3𝑥𝑦𝑖̂ − 5𝑧𝑗̂ + 10𝑥𝑘̂
along the curve 𝑥 = 𝑡 2 + 1, 𝑦 = 2𝑡 2 , 𝑧 = 𝑡 2 from 𝑡 = 1 𝑡𝑜 𝑡 = 2.

Solution
Total work done = ∫ 𝐹⃗ ∙ 𝑑𝑟⃗ = ∫(3𝑥𝑦𝑖̂ − 5𝑧𝑗̂ + 10𝑥𝑘̂) ∙ (𝑑𝑥𝑖̂ + 𝑑𝑦𝑗̂ + 𝑑𝑧𝑘̂)

= ∫ 3𝑥𝑦𝑑𝑥 − 5𝑧𝑑𝑦 + 10𝑥𝑑𝑧

Now,

𝑥 = 𝑡 2 + 1 thus 𝑑𝑥 = 2𝑡𝑑𝑡
𝑦 = 2𝑡 2 thus , 𝑑𝑦 = 4𝑡𝑑𝑡
𝑧 = 𝑡 2 thus , 𝑑𝑧 = 2𝑡𝑑𝑡

Substituting for t and applying the limits, the definite integral is now;
2
= ∫ [3(𝑡 2 + 1)(2𝑡 2 )(2𝑡𝑑𝑡) − 5(𝑡 2 )(4𝑡𝑑𝑡) + 10(𝑡 2 + 1)(2𝑡𝑑𝑡)]
1

2
= ∫ (12𝑡 5 + 12𝑡 3 + 20𝑡)𝑑𝑡 = 201
1
Example
If 𝐴⃗ = (3𝑥 2 + 6𝑦)𝑖̂ − 14𝑦𝑧𝑗̂ + 20𝑥𝑧 2 𝑘̂ , evaluate ∫ 𝐴⃗ ∙ 𝑑𝑟⃗ from (0,0,0) 𝑡𝑜 (1,1,1) along the
following paths 𝑐:
a) 𝑥 = 𝑡, 𝑦 = 𝑡 2 , 𝑧 = 𝑡 3
b) The straight lines from (0,0,0) to (1,0,0), then to (1,1,0), and then to (1,1,1).
c) The straight line joining (0,0,0)to (1,1,1)

Solution
∫ 𝐴⃗ ∙ 𝑑𝑟⃗ = ∫ [((3𝑥 2 + 6𝑦)𝑖̂ − 14𝑦𝑧𝑗̂ + 20𝑥𝑧 2 𝑘̂) ∙ (𝑑𝑥𝑖̂ + 𝑑𝑦𝑗̂ + 𝑑𝑧𝑘̂)]

= ∫(3𝑥 2 + 6𝑦)𝑑𝑥 − 14𝑦𝑧𝑑𝑦 + 20𝑥𝑧 2 𝑑𝑧

a) If 𝑥 = 𝑡, 𝑦 = 𝑡 2 , 𝑧 = 𝑡 3 , points (0,0,0) 𝑎𝑛𝑑 (1,1,1) correspond to 𝑡 = 0 and 𝑡 = 1

respectively. Then;

𝑥 = 𝑡 thus 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑑𝑡
𝑦 = 𝑡 2 thus , 𝑑𝑦 = 2𝑡𝑑𝑡
𝑧 = 𝑡 3 thus , 𝑑𝑧 = 3𝑡 2 𝑑𝑡

Thus;
1
∫ 𝐴⃗ ∙ 𝑑𝑟⃗ = ∫ (3𝑡 2 + 6𝑡 2 )𝑑𝑡 − 14(𝑡 2 )(𝑡 3 )(2𝑡𝑑𝑡) + 20(𝑡)(𝑡 3 )2 (3𝑡 2 𝑑𝑡)
0
1
= ∫ (3𝑡 2 + 6𝑡 2 )𝑑𝑡 − 28𝑡 6 𝑑𝑡 + 60𝑡 9 𝑑𝑡 = 5
0

b) Along(0,0,0) 𝑡𝑜 (1,0,0), 𝑦 = 0, 𝑧 = 0 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒 𝑑𝑦 = 0, 𝑑𝑧 = 0 while 𝑥 varies from

0 to 1. Then the integral ∫(3𝑥 2 + 6𝑦)𝑑𝑥 − 14𝑦𝑧𝑑𝑦 + 20𝑥𝑧 2 𝑑𝑧 over this part of the path
is;
1 1
∫0 (3𝑥 2 + 6(0))𝑑𝑥 − 0 + 0 = ∫0 3𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 = 1

Along (1,0,0) 𝑡𝑜 (1,1,0) 𝑥 = 1, 𝑧 = 0 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒 𝑑𝑥 = 0, 𝑑𝑧 = 0 while 𝑦 varies from

0 to 1. Then the integral over this part of the path is;

1
∫0 (3(12 ) + 6𝑦)0 − 0 + 0 = 0

Along (1,1,0) 𝑡𝑜 (1,1,1) 𝑥 = 1, 𝑦 = 1 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒 𝑑𝑥 = 0, 𝑑𝑦 = 0 while z varies from

0 to 1. Then the integral over this part of the path is;

1 1 20
∫0 (3(12 ) + 6(1))0 − 0 + 20(1)𝑧 2 𝑑𝑧 = ∫0 20𝑧 2 𝑑𝑧 = 3

20 23
Adding ∫ 𝐴⃗ ∙ 𝑑𝑟⃗ = 1 + 0 + 3 = 3
 c) The straight line joining (0,0,0) 𝑎𝑛𝑑 (1,1,1) is given in parametric form by 𝑥 = 𝑡, 𝑦 =
𝑡, 𝑧 = 𝑡. Then;

𝑥 = 𝑡 thus 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑑𝑡
𝑦 = 𝑡 thus , 𝑑𝑦 = 𝑑𝑡
𝑧 = 𝑡 thus , 𝑑𝑧 = 𝑑𝑡
and 0 ≤ 𝑡 ≤ 1

The line integral,

∫ 𝐴⃗ ∙ 𝑑𝑟⃗ = ∫(3𝑥2 + 6𝑦)𝑑𝑥 − 14𝑦𝑧𝑑𝑦 + 20𝑥𝑧2 𝑑𝑧
is now;
1
= ∫ (3𝑡2 + 6𝑡)𝑑𝑡 − 14(𝑡)(𝑡)(𝑑𝑡) + 20(𝑡)(𝑡)2 (𝑑𝑡)
0
1 13
= ∫ (3𝑡2 + 6𝑡 − 14𝑡2 + 20𝑡3 )𝑑𝑡 =
0 3

Surface Integrals
To evaluate surface integrals, it is convenient to express them as double integrals taken over
the projected area of the surface 𝑆. In Vector Calculus, the surface integral is the generalization
of multiple integrals to integration over surfaces. Sometimes, the surface integral can be
thought of as a double integral. For any given surface, we can integrate over the surface either
in the scalar field or the vector field. In the scalar field, the function returns the scalar value,
and in the vector field, the function returns the vector value.

Let S be a two-sided surface as shown in Fig. 7.1. Let one side of S be considered arbitrarily
as the positive side. A unit normal 𝑛̂ to any point of the positive side of S is called a positive
or outward drawn unit normal.
𝑛̂
z

𝑝̂
O y
R
x
Figure 7.1
𝑅 is the projection of the surface 𝑆 on the 𝑥𝑦 – plane and 𝑑𝐴 is the projection of 𝑑𝑆.
𝑛̂ is the unit normal vector drawn outward from the surface element 𝑑𝑆 while 𝑝̂ is the unit
vector perpendicular to the area element 𝑑𝐴.

The integral;
∬ 𝐴⃗ ∙ 𝑛̂𝑑𝑆
is called the surface integral or the flux of 𝐴⃗ over 𝑆.
The equations to determine 𝑛̂ and 𝑑𝑆 are given by;
∇𝑆 |∇𝑆|
𝑛̂ = 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑑𝑆 = 𝑑𝐴
|∇𝑆| |∇𝑆 ∙ 𝑝̂ |

Example
Evaluate ∬ 𝐴⃗ ∙ 𝑛̂𝑑𝑆 where 𝐴⃗ = 18𝑧𝑖̂ − 12𝑗̂ + 3𝑦𝑘̂ and S is that part of the plane 2𝑥 + 3𝑦 +
6𝑧 = 12 which is located in the first octant.

Solution
z
𝑛̂

𝑘̂

S dS
y
O

dA

𝑅 is the projection of the surface 𝑆 on the 𝑥𝑦 plane,

 𝐴⃗ ∙ 𝑛̂ 𝑑𝑆
S
To obtain 𝑛̂;
∇𝑆
𝑛̂ =
|∇𝑆|
𝜕 𝜕 𝜕
∇𝑆 = ( 𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂ + 𝑘̂ ) (2𝑥 + 3𝑦 + 6𝑧 − 12)
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧
𝜕 𝜕
= (2𝑥 + 3𝑦 + 6𝑧 − 12)𝑖̂ + + (2𝑥 + 3𝑦 + 6𝑧 − 12)𝑗̂
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦
𝜕
+ (2𝑥 + 3𝑦 + 6𝑧 − 12)𝑘̂
𝜕𝑧
= 2𝑖̂ + 3𝑗̂ + 6𝑘̂

Therefore;
 ∇𝑆 2𝑖̂ + 3𝑗̂ + 6𝑘̂ 2 3 6
𝑛̂ = = = 𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂ + 𝑘̂
|∇𝑆| √22 + 32 + 62 7 7 7

To obtain 𝑑𝑆;

|∇𝑆|
𝑑𝑆 = 𝑑𝐴
|∇𝑆 ∙ 𝑝̂ |

|∇𝑆| = √22 + 32 + 62 = 7 and 𝑝̂ = 𝑘̂ and 𝑑𝐴 = 𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑦

Therefore;

|∇𝑆| 7 7
𝑑𝑆 = 𝑑𝐴 = 𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑦 = 𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑦
|∇𝑆 ∙ 𝑝̂ | ̂) ∙ 𝑘̂ |
|(2𝑖̂ + 3𝑗̂ + 6𝑘 6

2 3 6 36𝑧−36+18𝑦
Also 𝐴⃗ ∙ 𝑛̂ = (18𝑧𝑖̂ − 12𝑗̂ + 3𝑦𝑘̂) ∙ (7 𝑖̂ + 7 𝑗̂ + 7 𝑘̂) = (7.1)
7
Since the projection 𝑅 is on the 𝑥𝑦 plane, then we need to substitute for 𝑧.
12−2𝑥−3𝑦
From the equation 2𝑥 + 3𝑦 + 6𝑧 = 12, we find that 𝑧 = 6

12−2𝑥−3𝑦
36( )−36+18𝑦 36−12𝑥
Substituting for 𝑧 in equation (7.1) we find 𝐴⃗ ∙ 𝑛̂ = 6
=
7 7

Then;
36−12𝑥 7
 𝐴⃗ ∙ 𝑛̂ 𝑑𝑆 =  ( 7 ) 6 𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑦 =  (6 − 2𝑥)𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑦
S R R

To evaluate this integral we consider the xy - plane;

Consider the equation of the plane 2𝑥 + 3𝑦 + 6𝑧 = 12. In the 𝑥𝑦 – plane, 𝑧 = 0 and the
equation reduces to 2𝑥 + 3𝑦 = 12

y
(0, 4)

12 − 2𝑥
𝑦=
3
𝑅

(6, 0)
O
𝑦=0 x

We consider the vertical strip moving in the direction of the x-axis and the square inside the
strip moving in the direction of the y-axis. Thus, we integrate with respect to 𝑥 from 𝑥 = 0 to
 12−2𝑥
𝑥 = 6 (vertical strip) and with respect to 𝑦 from 𝑦 = 0 to 𝑦 = (square). In this manner,
3
the region 𝑅 is completely covered. The integral becomes;

=  (6 − 2𝑥)𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑦
R
12−2𝑥
𝑥=6 𝑦= 3

= ∫ ∫ (6 − 2𝑥)𝑑𝑦𝑑𝑥
𝑥=0 𝑦=0

12−2𝑥
6
3
= ∫ [∫ (6 − 2𝑥)𝑑𝑦] 𝑑𝑥
0 0

6
(12 − 2𝑥)⁄3
= ∫[𝑦(6 − 2𝑥)] 𝑑𝑥
0
0

6
12 − 2𝑥
= ∫[ (6 − 2𝑥) − 0(6 − 2𝑥)] 𝑑𝑥
3
0

6
4
= ∫ (24 − 12𝑥 + 𝑥 2 ) 𝑑𝑥 = 24
3
0

Example
Evaluate  𝐴⃗ ∙ 𝑛̂𝑑𝑆 over the entire surface 𝑆 of the region bounded by the cylinder 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 =
S
9, 𝑥 = 0, 𝑦 = 0, 𝑧 = 0 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑧 = 8 if 𝐴⃗ = 6𝑧𝑖̂ + (2𝑥 + 𝑦)𝑗̂ − 𝑥𝑘̂

Solution
z

S
dA

𝑛̂
𝑝̂
dS
R O
3
3
y

x
 ∇𝑆 ∇(𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 9) 2𝑥𝑖̂ + 2𝑦𝑗̂ 2𝑥𝑖̂ + 2𝑦𝑗̂ 𝑥𝑖̂ + 𝑦𝑗̂ 𝑥𝑖̂ + 𝑦𝑗̂
𝑛̂ = = 2 2
= = = =
|∇𝑆| |∇(𝑥 + 𝑦 − 9)| √4𝑥 2 + 4𝑦 2 2√𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 √𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 √9
𝑥𝑖̂ + 𝑦𝑗̂
=
3

|∇𝑆| √4𝑥 2 + 4𝑦 2 2√𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 2√9 3

𝑑𝑆 = 𝑑𝐴 = 𝑑𝐴 = 𝑑𝐴 = 𝑑𝐴 = 𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑧
|∇𝑆 ∙ 𝑝̂ | |(2𝑥𝑖̂ + 2𝑦𝑗̂) ∙ 𝑗̂| |2𝑦| 2𝑦 𝑦

𝑥𝑖̂+𝑦𝑗̂ 3
∴  𝐴⃗ ∙ 𝑛̂𝑑𝑆 =  [6𝑧𝑖̂ + (2𝑥 + 𝑦)𝑗̂ − 𝑥𝑘̂] ∙ ( 3 ) 𝑦 𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑧
S R
(6𝑥𝑧 + 2𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 2 )
=  𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑧
R
𝑦
6𝑥𝑧
=  𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑧 + ∬ 2𝑥𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑧 + ∬ 𝑦𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑧
R
𝑦 𝑅 𝑅

Since we are on the 𝑥𝑧 plane, then we need to substitute for 𝑦, i.e. 𝑦 = √9 − 𝑥 2 (from 𝑥 2 +
𝑦 2 = 9)
8 3 6𝑥𝑧 8 3 8 3
= ∫0 ∫0 √9−𝑥 2
𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑧 + ∫0 ∫0 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑧 + ∫0 ∫0 √9 − 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑧

8 3 6𝑥𝑧
For ∫0 ∫0 √9−𝑥2
𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑧, we use substitution, i.e. we let

𝑢 = 9 − 𝑥2 . Thus, on differentiating, 𝑑𝑢 = −2𝑥𝑑𝑥

For the limits: when 𝑥 = 0, 𝑢 = 9 and when 𝑥 = 3, 𝑢 = 0

Therefore,
8 3 6𝑥𝑧 8 0 6𝑥 𝑑𝑢
∫0 ∫0 √9−𝑥2 𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑧 = ∫0 ∫9 √𝑢 ∙ − 2𝑥 𝑧𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑧
8 0
1⁄
= −3 ∫ ∫ 𝑢− 2 𝑧𝑑𝑢𝑑𝑧

0 9
8 1 8
0𝑢 ⁄2 1 0
= −3 ∫ [ ] 𝑧𝑑𝑧 = −6 ∫ [𝑢 ⁄2 ] 𝑧𝑑𝑧
1⁄ 9 9
0 2 0
8

= −6 ∫ −3 𝑧𝑑𝑧 = 576
0
8 3
For ∫0 ∫0 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑧, we have;
8 3 8

∫ ∫ 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑧 = ∫ 9 𝑑𝑧 = 72
0 0 0
8 3
For ∫0 ∫0 √9 − 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑧, we use trigonometric substitution, i.e. we let
 𝑥 = 3 sin 𝜃. On differentiating, 𝑑𝑥 = 3 cos 𝜃 𝑑𝜃
𝜋
For the limits: when 𝑥 = 0, 𝜃 = 0 and when 𝑥 = 3, 𝜃 = 2
Therefore,
𝜋
8 3 8 ⁄2

∫ ∫ √9 − 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑧 = ∫ ∫ √9 − 9𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝜃 ∙ 3 cos 𝜃 𝑑𝜃𝑑𝑧

0 0 0 0
𝜋
8 ⁄2

= 9 ∫ ∫ √1 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝜃 cos 𝜃 𝑑𝜃𝑑𝑧

0 0

𝜋
8 ⁄2

= 9 ∫ ∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝜃𝑑𝜃𝑑𝑧
0 0

𝜋
8 ⁄2
cos 2𝜃 + 1
= 9∫∫ 𝑑𝜃𝑑𝑧 = 18𝜋
2
0 0
8
9 sin 2𝜃 𝜋⁄
= ∫[ + 𝜃] 2 𝑑𝑧
2 2 0
0
8
9
= ∫[(0 + 𝜋⁄2) − 0] 𝑑𝑧
2
0
8
9
= 𝜋 ∫ 𝑑𝑧 = 18𝜋
4
0

Thus, we have,

 𝐴⃗ ∙ 𝑛̂𝑑𝑆 = 576 + 72 + 18𝜋 = 648 + 18𝜋

S

Volume Integrals
A volume integral refers to an integral over a 3-dimensional domain, that is, it is a special case
of multiple integrals evaluated as a triple integral. Volume integrals are especially important
in physics for many applications, for example, to calculate flux densities.

Consider a closed surface in space enclosing a volume V. Then;

∭ 𝐴⃗ 𝑑𝑣 and ∭ 𝜑 𝑑𝑣 𝑎re examples of volume integrals. The volume element is 𝑑𝑣 =
𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑦𝑑𝑧

Example
Evaluate ∭ ∇ ∙ 𝐹⃗ 𝑑𝑣 over the unit cube 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 1, 0 ≤ 𝑦 ≤ 1, 0 ≤ 𝑧 ≤ 1 where 𝐹⃗ is the
vector function 𝐹⃗ = 𝑥 2 𝑦𝑖̂ + (𝑥 − 𝑧)𝑗̂ + 2𝑥𝑧 2 𝑘̂

Solution
 𝜕 𝜕 𝜕
∇ ∙ 𝐹⃗ = ( 𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂ + 𝑘̂) (𝑥 2 𝑦𝑖̂ + (𝑥 − 𝑧)𝑗̂ + 2𝑥𝑧 2 𝑘̂)
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧
𝜕 2 𝜕 𝜕
= (𝑥 𝑦) + (𝑥 − 𝑧) + (2𝑥𝑧 2 ) = 2𝑥𝑦 + 4𝑥𝑧
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧
1 1 1 1 1 1
3
∭ ∇ ∙ 𝐹⃗ 𝑑𝑣 = ∫ ∫ ∫(2𝑥𝑦 + 4𝑥𝑧)𝑑𝑧𝑑𝑦𝑑𝑥 = ∫ ∫(2𝑥𝑦 + 2𝑥)𝑑𝑦𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 3𝑥𝑑𝑥 =
2
𝑥=0 𝑦=0 𝑧=0 0 0 0

Example
For 𝐹⃗ = 𝑥 2 𝑦𝑖̂ + 𝑦 2 𝑗̂ evaluate V (∇ × 𝐹⃗ )𝑑𝑉 where 𝑉 is the volume under the plane 𝑧 = 𝑥 +
𝑦 + 2 (and above 𝑧 = 0) for −1 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 1, −1 ≤ 𝑦 ≤ 1

Solution
𝑖̂ 𝑗̂ 𝑘̂
𝜕 𝜕 𝜕|
∇ × 𝐹⃗ = || | = −𝑥 𝑘̂
2
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧
𝑥2𝑦 𝑦2 0

So
1 1 𝑥+𝑦+2
V (∇ × 𝐹⃗ )𝑑𝑉 = ∫𝑥=−1 ∫𝑦=−1 ∫𝑧=0 (−𝑥 𝑘̂) 𝑑𝑧𝑑𝑦𝑑𝑥
2

1 1
𝑥+𝑦+2
= − ∫ ∫[𝑧]0 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑦𝑑𝑥𝑘̂
−1 −1

1 1

= − ∫ ∫(𝑥 3 + 𝑥 2 𝑦 + 2𝑥 2 )𝑑𝑦𝑑𝑥𝑘̂
−1 −1

1 1
1
𝑥2𝑦2 8
= − ∫ [𝑥 𝑦 +3
+ 2𝑥 2 𝑦] 𝑑𝑥𝑘̂ = − ∫ (2𝑥 3 + 4𝑥 2 )𝑑𝑥𝑘̂ = − 𝑘̂
2 −1 −1 3
−1

Assessment
→
a) Find the work done in moving a particle in the force field 𝐹 = 3𝑥 2 𝑖̂ + (2𝑥𝑧 − 𝑦)𝑗̂ +
𝑧𝑘̂ along the space curve 𝑥 = 2𝑡 2 , 𝑦 = 𝑡, 𝑧 = 4𝑡 2 − 𝑡from 𝑡 = 0to𝑡 = 1.
b) Evaluate  𝐴⃗ ∙ 𝑛̂𝑑𝑆 where 𝐴⃗ = 𝑧𝑖̂ + 𝑥𝑗̂ − 3𝑦 2 𝑧𝑘̂ and 𝑆 is the surface of the cylinder
S
𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 16 included in the first octant between 𝑧 = 0 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑧 = 5.
c) Evaluate  𝐴⃗ ∙ 𝑛̂𝑑𝑆 where 𝐴⃗ = 18𝑧𝑖̂ − 12𝑗̂ + 3𝑦𝑘̂ and 𝑆 is that part of the plane 2𝑥 +
S
3𝑦 + 6𝑧 = 12 which is located in the first octant.
d) Evaluate  𝐴⃗ ∙ 𝑛̂𝑑𝑆 over the entire surface 𝑆 of the region bounded by the cylinder
S
𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 9, 𝑥 = 0, 𝑦 = 0, 𝑧 = 0 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑧 = 8 if 𝐴⃗ = 6𝑧𝑖̂ + (2𝑥 + 𝑦)𝑗̂ − 𝑥𝑘̂.
e) Find the work done in moving a particle once around a circle 𝑐 in the 𝑥𝑦 plane if the
→
circle has center at the origin and radius 3 and if the force field is given by 𝐹 =
(2𝑥 − 𝑦 + 𝑧)𝑖̂ + (𝑥 + 𝑦 − 𝑧 2 )𝑗̂ + (3𝑥 − 2𝑦 + 4𝑧)𝑘̂.
f) Find the work done going around a unit circle in the 𝑥𝑦 plane from (0, 𝜋) in a force
→ −𝑦 𝑥
field given by 𝐹 = 𝑥 2+𝑦 2 𝑖̂ + 𝑥 2 +𝑦 2 𝑗̂.
→
g) Find the work done in moving a particle in the force field 𝐹 = 𝑥 sin 𝑦 𝑖̂ + 𝑦𝑗̂ from
→
(−1, 1) to (2, 4) along the curve 𝑟 = 𝑡𝑖̂ + 𝑡 2 𝑗̂.
h) Evaluate ∬ ∅𝑑𝑉 given ∅ = 45𝑥 2 𝑦 and 𝑉 is the closed region bounded by the planes
4𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 𝑧 = 8, 𝑥 = 0, 𝑦 = 0, 𝑧 = 0