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Ch-1 Image Fundamentals

The document discusses the fundamentals of digital image processing, including concepts such as image sampling and quantization. It differentiates between spatial resolution, which relates to the number of samples in an image, and tonal resolution, which pertains to the number of gray levels. The document also highlights the effects of increasing or decreasing these resolutions on image quality and detail.

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anandkrishna1511
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4 views7 pages

Ch-1 Image Fundamentals

The document discusses the fundamentals of digital image processing, including concepts such as image sampling and quantization. It differentiates between spatial resolution, which relates to the number of samples in an image, and tonal resolution, which pertains to the number of gray levels. The document also highlights the effects of increasing or decreasing these resolutions on image quality and detail.

Uploaded by

anandkrishna1511
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Image

Processing

Dr. Kiran TALELE


talelesir@gmail.com
Mobile :99870 30 881
4
Image Compression
Image
Processing 4
Morphology

3
Image Segmentation

2
Image Enhancement

1
Image Fundamentals

Kiran TALELE
Image
Fundamentals
[1] Digital Image
• Digital Image is obtained by sampling continuous
Continuous image at a regular intervals of distance
Input Output
Sampling Quantization
F(x,y) F(x,y)

180.4 181.9 .... 189.6 é180 182 181 190 195 192 190 ù
ê196 197 197 200 200 199 196 úú
195.8 197.2 .... 196.1 ê
ê200 200 200 201 201 201 200ú
ê ú
. .... . ê202 202 202 201 201 201 204ú
. . ê202 202 202 201 201 201 204ú
. . ê ú
ê199 200 205 203 202 202 204ú
199 198.3 204 ê199 198 200 201 202 203 204úû
ë

Kiran TALELE 99870 30 881 talelesir@gmail.com


[2] Spatial Resolution Vs Tonal Resolution
SPATIAL RESOLUTION TONAL RESOLUTION
(1) It is referred to as Sampling (1) It is referred to as Quantization
(2) It is determined by no. of (2) It is determined by no of
samples in the image gray levels in the image.
(3) Increase in spatial resolution (3) Increase in tonal resolution
increases minute details improves quality & contrast
of picture.
(4) Decrease in spatial resolution (4) Decrease in tonal resolution
gives Checker Board (i.e. gives false contour in image.
Blocking) effect.

Kiran TALELE 99870 30 881 talelesir@gmail.com


Change of
Image Sampling (Example) Spatial Resolution
Original image Sampled by a factor of 2

Sampled by a factor of 4 Sampled by a factor of 8


Change of
Image Quantization (Example) Tonal Resolution
• 256 gray levels (8bits/pixel) 32 gray levels (5 bits/pixel) 16 gray levels (4 bits/pixel)

• 8 gray levels (3 bits/pixel) 4 gray levels (2 bits/pixel) 2 gray levels (1 bit/pixel)

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