毓 僑 中 學

PHILIPPINE YUH CHIAU SCHOOL, INC.

Del Pilar, Cabatuan, Isabela
Transforming Lives through Education with Quality Assurance
JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
SY 2022-2023
COMPLETE NAME: Johnson Labog GRADE LEVEL/SECTION: 9 DXP

MODULE 1: ENGLISH 9
MAIN TOPIC: Notable Features of Anglo-American Literature
SUBTOPIC/S: A. Normal and Inverted Word Order B. Appropriate Use of Punctuation Marks
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
At the end of this module, I will be able to say I can:
1. explain the rules of inverting normal word orders and vice versa;
2. apply the rules in inverting and transforming inverted word orders into normal word order;
3. identify appropriate use of punctuation marks; period, coma, question mark, exclamation point, ellipsis
and semicolon; and
4. apply proper use of punctuation marks.
WEEK 2: August 09-13,2022

A. NORMAL AND INVERTED WORD ORDER

What is inversion in English?
 Inversion means putting the verb before the subject.

Inversions in informal English

 The most common case of inversion is in formulating questions.

Normal Inverted
Oliver is looking for a new job. Is Oliver looking for a new job?

 Another common case is after the expressions “so”, “neither” or “nor” to express that the same is true
of someone or something else.
Normal Inverted
Oliver is looking for a new job. How  Ellie is too
Positive Sentences about Ellie?  Ellie too.
 So is Ellie.
Oliver isn’t looking for a new job. How  Ellie isn’t either.
Negative Sentence about Ellie?  Ellie neither.
 Nor/Neither is Ellie.
Inversions in formal English
 Other cases of inversions are mainly found in formal English. Certain expressions come to the beginning
of the sentence for emphasis, and are then followed by an inversion. We can divide these expressions into
five groups:
Normal Inverted
1. Negative Adverbial  We should accept these terms under  Under no circumstances should we
Expressions and any circumstances. accept these terms.
Frequency Adverbs
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  James could have passed the test in no  In no way James could have passed the
way without cheating. test without cheating.
 We suspected foul play at no time.  At no time have we suspected foul play.
 I will be able to make a decision not  Not until I have spoken to everyone
until I have spoken to everyone. will I be able to make a decision.
 They did know little what their children  Little did they know what their children
had been up to. had been up to.
 Fred had seldom such an intriguing  Seldom had Fred met such an intriguing
person. person.
 Anna does get involved in gossip  Rarely does Ana get involved in gossip.
rarely.  Never has he felt so betrayed.
 He has never felt so betrayed.
2. Adverbial  Lisa did manage to open her eyes only  Only when the plane had landed did
Expressions when the plane had landed. Lisa manage to open her eyes.
beginning with  We will only be able to work with them  Only if they agree to these terms, will
“only” and “not if they agree to these terms. we be able to work with them.
only”  It was not only a long process but it was  Not only was it a long process, but it was
also quite complicated. also quite complicated.
3. Use of “hardly”,  I hardly shut my eyes when my mobile  Hardly had I shut my eyes when my
“scarcely”, “no phone rang. mobile phone rang.
sooner”, when action  Ken had scarcely left the building when  Scarcely had Ken left the building when
follows another the police arrived. the police arrived.
immediately.  The meal was served no sooner than we  No sooner had we arrived than the meal
arrived. was served.
4. Conditional  1st conditional:  Should you require any assistance, I will
sentences to replace if. If you (should) require my assistance, I be in my office.
will be in my office.
NOTE: If the verb in the  2nd conditional
“if” clause of a If we renegotiated this deal, we would be  Were we renegotiating this deal, we
Conditional 2 sentence is more lenient than before. would be more lenient than before.
“to be” or “were” on its
own is enough: If we were to renegotiate this deal, we
would be more lenient than before.
Example:  Had Jeremy been truthful in the first
 If he were my son, I  3rd conditional place, he would not have been punished
would encourage him If Jeremy had been truthful in the first so severely.
to go to college. place, he would not have been punished so
 Were he my son, I severely.
would encourage him
to go to college.
5. Prepositions and  Three nurses came into the room.  Into the room, came three nurses.
adverbial expressions  A huge chandelier was hung over the  Over the table hung a huge chandelier.
of place including table.  Here is the report.
“here” and “there”  The report is here.  There goes your nephew.

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Note:  Your nephew goes there.
1. You must use the
main verb not the
auxiliary verb.
2. Inversions after
prepositions and
adverbs of place Example:
do not happen a. Into the room, they came.
with pronouns. b. Here it is.
c. There he goes.
Exercise 1
Directions: Rewrite the original sentence by starting with the highlighted word/s. Write your sentence on the
space provided.
Example:
a. She’d never seen that painting. Me neither.
b. She’d never seen that painting. Neither had I.

1. A. I don’t get on with them. My brother neither.

B. I don’t get on with them. Neither my brother.

2. A. I’d rather seek specialist advice. Peter too.

B. I’d rather seek specialist advice. So is Peter.
3. A. She didn’t join the expedition. Sarah neither.
B. She didn’t join the expedition. Nor is Sarah.

4. A. Harry mustn’t find out under any circumstances.

B. Under no circumstances mustn’t he find out.

5. A. We can’t watch television until the guests have left.

B. Not until the guests have left we can’t watch television

6. A. We only remembered her name after she had left.

B. Only after she had left we remembered her name.

7. A. She was not only demanding but also rude.

B. Not only was she demanding but also rude.

8. A. I had hardly uttered the word when he interrupted me.

B. Hardly had I uttered the word when he interrupted me.

9. A. As soon as the taxi stopped, he jumped into it.

B. No sooner as the taxi stopped, he jumped into it

10. A. If you should need me, call me on this number.

B. Should you need me, call me on this number,

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 B. APPROPRIATE USE OF PUNCTUATION MARKS

1. PERIOD
 A period is a small dot-shaped punctuation mark that is used at the end of any sentence that is
intended to make a statement. As with other punctuation marks that end sentences, the period
should be placed directly behind the last letter of the last word of the sentence.
When to use periods?
 Use periods in sentences that make statements.
o My dog retrieves the paper for me each morning.
o Gloria wants to be a nurse after she finishes high school.
o Our city’s police cars are painted black and white.
 You should also use periods at the end of sentences that are intended to instruct or
command.
o Rinse the dishes before putting them in the dishwasher.
o Lock the door behind you.
o Place recyclable items in the blue bin next to the dumpster.
 Periods can also be used at the end of a sentence that contains an indirect question.
o The coach asked Jared why he was late for practice.
o My mother used to wonder why my brother’s room was cluttered.
o I have something to ask you.
How to use periods?
 After ending a sentence with a period, insert a single space before beginning the next sentence. This rule
has only been in place since modern word processing became common – back in the days when people
used typewriters, one would insert two spaces behind periods and other punctuation marks that end
sentences.
 Periods are also used with abbreviations.
o Washington, D.C.
o 5 p.m.
 In the event that the abbreviation ends a statement, a command, or an indirect question, the period
that ends that abbreviation is also used to complete the sentence.
o If you want to visit the Smithsonian Institute’s National Museum of American History, you will need
to travel to Washington, D.C.
o Arrive at 5:30 p.m. to get a seat for the concert; it begins at 6 p.m.

2.COMMAS
 It is a punctuation mark, used especially as a mark of separation within the sentence.

RULES:
1. Use a comma before a coordinating conjunction (and, but, yet, so, or nor, for) when it joins two
complete ideas (independent clauses).
a. He walked down the street, and then he turned the corner.
b. You can go shopping with me, or you can go to a movie alone.

2. Use a comma after an introductory clause or phrase. A comma tells readers that the introductory
clause or phrase has come to a close and that the main part of the sentence is about to begin.

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 a. When Evan was ready to iron, his cat tripped on the cord.
b. Near a small stream at the bottom of the canyon, park rangers discovered a gold mine.

3. Use a comma to separate each item in a series; a series is a group of three or more items having
the same function and form in a sentence.
a. We bought apples, peaches, and bananas today. (series of words)
b. Mary promised that she would be a good girl, that she would not bite her brother, and that she
would not climb onto the television. (series of clauses)
c. The instructor looked through his briefcase, through his desk, and around the office for the lost
grade book. (series of phrases)

4. Use commas to enclose clauses not essential to the meaning of a sentence. These nonessential
clauses are called nonrestrictive. Clauses which are essential are called restrictive. Both restrictive
and nonrestrictive clauses may begin with a relative pronoun (such as who, whom, whose, that,
which). A relative pronoun refers to the noun or pronoun that precedes it.
a. Steven Strom, whose show you like, will host a party next week. (nonrestrictive)
b. John, who spent the last three days fishing, is back on the job again. (nonrestrictive)
c. The gentleman who is standing by the fireplace is a well-known composer. (restrictive)

5. An appositive is a noun or noun phrase that renames a nearby noun. Appositives offer
nonessential information. Nonrestrictive appositives are set off with commas; restrictive
appositives are not.
a. Alexander Pope, the Restoration poet, is famous for his monologues. (appositive)
b. The poet Pope is famous for his monologues. (no appositive)
c. The New York Jets, the underdogs, surprised everyone by winning the Super Bowl. (appositive)

6. When a speaker in a sentence names the person to whom he is speaking, this addressing of his
audience is called direct address. Direct address is indicated by the use of a comma or commas,
depending upon its placement within the sentence.
a. I think, John, you’re wrong.
b. John, I think you’re wrong.
c. I think you’re wrong, John.

7. A dialogue is a conversation between two or more people. If the speaker (not the listener) in the
conversation is identified, his name, (or the noun or pronoun used to refer to the speaker), and the verb
that refers to his speaking are enclosed within commas.
a. Mary said, “I dislike concerts because the music is too loud.”
b.“I dislike concerts because the music is too loud,” she said.
c. “I dislike concerts,” proclaimed Mary, “because the music is too loud.”

8. Rules for dates: In dates, the year is set off from the rest of the sentence with a pair of commas.
Example: On December 12, 1890, orders were sent out for the arrest of Sitting Bull.

9. Rules for addresses: The elements of an address or place name are separated by commas. A zip code,
however, is not preceded by a comma.
Examples:
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 a. John Lennon was born in Liverpool, England, in 1940.
b. Please send the letter to Greg Carvin at 708 Spring Street, Washington, IL 61571.
10. Rules for titles: If a title follows a name, separate the title from the rest of the sentence with a pair of
commas. Example: Sandra Belinsky, MD, has been appointed to the board.
11. Rules for numbers: In numbers more than four digits long, use commas to separate the numbers into
groups of three, starting from the right. In numbers four digits long, a comma is optional. Examples:
a. 3,500 [or 3500]
b.100,000
c. 6,000,000
Exercise 2
Directions: Place commas where they belong in the following sentences. Highlight your commas used in the
sentences.
1. Are you attending my graduation, or are you visiting your aunt in Chicago?
2. Marty ate four pancakes, two bacon strips, and a bowl of grits.
3. The movie, although Susan enjoyed it immensely left her in tears.
4. Simon Blake, a well-known lawyer, may run for governor.
5. If you ever need a ride Judy, just let me know.

3. Semicolon
A semicolon (;) signals a break within a sentence. It is stronger than a comma but less than a full stop like a
period. In sentences that use several commas, the semicolon is useful to enable readers identify the break or
divisions of items in a list already used with a comma.

Examples:
1. The schools invited to represent Metro Manila for the annual parade are St. John the Baptist, Manila;
Jose Rizal High School, Pasay; St Mary’s Academy, Quezon City.
2. I danced like a monkey in class yesterday; it was very embarrassing.
3. Sharlyn did not read the poem last night; instead, she watched a movie.

4. Question Mark (?)

 A question mark replaces a period at the end of a sentence when the sentence is a question.
Sometimes, question marks are known as interrogation points.
 Question words like who, when, where, why, what, which, and how indicate that a sentence is a
question. If your sentence begins with one of those words, then it is most likely a question and
should be ended with a question mark.
 A question mark indicates to your readers that your sentence should be read as a question.

Rules for Correctly Using Question Marks

Rule #1: You don't need to use a question mark in conjunction with other ending punctuation, like a period or an
exclamation point.

Incorrect example: How are you feeling?.

Correct example: How are you feeling?

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Rule #2: You should always capitalize the first letter the word directly after a question mark.

Incorrect example: When are we leaving? my mom wants to go soon.

Correct example: When are we leaving? My mom wants to go soon.

Rule #3: If you're writing a quoted question, you should put the question mark within the quotation marks.

Incorrect example: "What's for dinner"? he asked.

Correct example: "What's for dinner?" he asked.
5. Exclamation Mark
 Exclamation marks, also known as exclamation points, were originally called the "note of
admiration." They are used to exclaim something. They are commonly used after interjections
(words or phrases that are used to exclaim, command or protest like “wow” or “oh”).
Exclamation marks can express the following emotions in writing:
o excitement - “I can’t wait to go to Disneyland!”
o surprise - “Oh! You already bought a new car!”
o astonishment - “Wow! El Capitan is even bigger than I thought!”
o emphasizing a point - “No! We don’t want to go to the party!”
o another strong emotion - “That news story made me so angry!”
 You can also use exclamation marks to mark a phrase as humorous, ironic or sarcastic.
o Examples:
o What a lovely day! (when it obviously is not a lovely day)
o That was clever! (when someone has done something stupid)

 You can also use exclamation mark in casual writing.

o He's getting married!?
o That's insane!!!
6. Ellipsis
An ellipsis (…) functions as an indicator that a part of the text has been intentionally left out. It also
signals the reader that the statement is supposed to be continued or has ended abruptly.
Examples:
1. King Arthur… one of the greatest king of his time.
2. Merlin could have died if not for…
Exercise 3
Directions: Identify the correct punctuation mark to be used in each example. Write your answer on the space
provided for each item.
____!____ 1. Help
___!_____ 2. What (surprised – casual) is she getting married
___!_____ 3. Look out
____?____ 4. Are you coming with me
___?_____ 5. Is he your dad
___!_____ 6. That’s unbelievable
___!_____ 7. No We don’t want to go to school
___!_____ 8. OMG
___?_____ 9. Is this true
___!_____ 10. Tell me the truth
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