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Aluminum Alloy Phase Diagram

The document discusses the phase diagrams of various aluminum alloys, detailing the composition and effects of alloying elements such as copper, magnesium, manganese, and silicon on their mechanical properties. It highlights how these elements influence characteristics like tensile strength, corrosion resistance, and casting quality, which are crucial for applications in industries such as automotive and aerospace. The conclusion emphasizes the importance of specific alloy compositions and temperatures in enhancing aluminum's mechanical properties for practical use.

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72 views3 pages

Aluminum Alloy Phase Diagram

The document discusses the phase diagrams of various aluminum alloys, detailing the composition and effects of alloying elements such as copper, magnesium, manganese, and silicon on their mechanical properties. It highlights how these elements influence characteristics like tensile strength, corrosion resistance, and casting quality, which are crucial for applications in industries such as automotive and aerospace. The conclusion emphasizes the importance of specific alloy compositions and temperatures in enhancing aluminum's mechanical properties for practical use.

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ITESI Subject: Technology Subject: Phase diagram

and behavior of of aluminum alloys


materials Task: 15
team: 8
Chavez Vazquez Jorge Teacher: Jose Ricardo Date:
Luis Luna Ramirez March 31, 2014

Phase diagram of aluminum alloys


The main elements of the alloys under study are, on average, 4.0% Cu and 1.0% Mg for AA2024; 1.2% Mn and 0.13% Cu for
AA3003, 1% Si, 1% Mg and 0.5% Mn for AA6082; 1.6% Fe and 0.7% Mn for AA8006; 0.7% Si and 0.8% Fe for AA8011 and
0.6% Si, 0.3% Cu, 0.7% Fe and 1.0% Mg.
The influence of alloying elements on aluminum are as follows:
Copper: Significantly increases tensile strength and hardness, both in extrusion and heat-treated conditions. Alloys containing 4
to 6% Cu have a more effective response to heat treatment. Copper generally reduces corrosion resistance and, in very specific
environments in certain types of alloys, induces stress corrosion cracking. Copper additions reduce hot crack resistance and
decrease castability in castings.
Iron: It is highly soluble in liquid state but virtually insoluble (0.04% Fe) at room temperature. For this reason, it appears as
insoluble intermetallic compounds, the most common being Al3Fe, Al6FeMn and αAlFeSi. Improves hot crack resistance, creep
resistance,
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high temperatures and reduces the tendency to adhesion in die casting. Iron refines the grain into smelting ingots. An increase in
the iron content increases the mechanical strength but significantly decreases the ductility due to the presence of the second
phases. In the presence of high iron contents, these phases adversely affect the castability and feeding characteristics of the
castings. Together with manganese and chromium, iron helps form phases that can be removed by slagging the melt.
Magnesium: Significantly improves strength and hardness in normal heat-treated Al-Si alloys or in more complex ones that have
elements such as Cu, Ni and other elements. The hardenable phase responsible for the hardness improvement is Mg2Si and
exhibits high solubility up to a maximum of 0.7% Mg. Above this concentration, subsequent hardening does not occur due to the
softening of the aluminium matrix. Recommended compositions for high quality (“premium”) aluminums vary in the range of 0.40
to 0.70%. Al-Mg binary alloys are widely used where a bright surface finish, good corrosion resistance and an excellent
combination of strength and ductility are required. Compositions between 4 to 10% Mg, as well as those containing more than
7% Mg are heat treatable, whose main disadvantage is the instability in the aging characteristics at room temperature. Al-4Cu-
1Mg alloys are characterized by precipitating the Al2CuMg compound, responsible for the precipitation hardening of these alloys.
Manganese: Increases mechanical strength either by solid solution or by fine intermetallic precipitates. Does not alter corrosion
resistance. It is used in casting to correct the acicular shape of iron-rich acicular precipitates and reduce their embrittlement
effect, although it promotes a fibrous structure in the ingots. In the form of fine precipitates it prevents grain growth during
recrystallization. Manganese is found to increase the cracking sensitivity of heat treatable alloys. Up to 1.25% Mn is the main
alloying agent in 3xxx type alloys. With large plastic deformations, these materials exhibit acceptable moldability. In the presence
of Fe, Cr or Ni, care must be taken to ensure that they do not exceed the composition limits to avoid the formation of intermetallic
primary crystals.
Nickel: Used in conjunction with copper to improve properties at high temperatures. It also reduces the coefficient of thermal
expansion.
Silicon: The most notable effect of silicon on aluminum is to improve casting characteristics, improving fluidity, hot crack
resistance, and feeding characteristics of the castings. Commercial Al-Si alloys range from hypoeutectic compositions to about
25% Si. For casting processes with slow solidification rates, ranges of 5 to 7% Si are preferred, for permanent molds 7 to 9% Si
are recommended, and for die casting, which induce high cooling rates, 8 to 12% Si. Higher amounts of eutectic are
recommended for workpiece feeding purposes as the cooling rate increases. Silicon additions decrease the density and
coefficient of thermal expansion.
Tin: Improves antifriction characteristics and machinability. Because of this, it is used in alloys intended for bearings. Tin may
influence the hardening response of certain aluminum alloys.
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Titanium: Refines the grain structure of aluminum, usually added as titanium boride, TiB2, preferably in concentrations greater
than stoichiometric. Reduces the tendency to crack.
Zinc: No benefits are reported from adding zinc to aluminum. However, in alloys containing Cu and/or Mg, the response to
hardening by heat or natural treatment improves.

Conclusion
According to the research carried out, there are different alloy phase diagrams with aluminum, since it is combined with certain
metals such as titanium, silicon, magnesium, zinc, nickel, copper. Between each combination there is a certain temperature to
create a new alloy, in order to improve the mechanical properties of the metal, which are used in industry, in addition to making
bicycle parts, auto parts, airplanes, ships and trains; a certain percentage of the alloying metal is also used, this to make the
mechanical properties of aluminum more efficient in combination with one of the alloying agents.

Literature
 http://biblio3.url.edu.gt/Libros/2013/cmI/13-Aluminio.pdf
 https://www5.uva.es/guia_docente/uploads/2013/469/45757/1/Documento27.pdf
 http://aprendeenlinea.udea.edu.co/revistas/index.php/materiales/article/viewFile/11281/10319

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