POST GRADUATE DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE

SYLLABUS FOR THE BATCH FROM THE YEAR

2023 TO YEAR 2025

Programme Code: MAGE

Programme Name: M.Sc. Ag. (Agricultural Economics)

(Semester I-II)

Examinations: 2023-24

Khalsa College Amritsar

_________________________________

Note: (a) Copy rights are reserved. Nobody is allowed to print it in any form.
(b) Subject to change in the syllabi at any time.
(c) Please visit the University website time to time

Programme Objectives
S.No. Programme Objectives

1. To acquaint the student with latest techniques and advances in research to

increase productivity.

2. To enable the student to apply advanced techniques in agriculture through

extensive practical session and master’s research.

3. To prepare students to pursue further education or research opportunities in

agriculture or related fields includes doctoral programme, industry-focused
research & development roles.

4. To encourage students to bring innovative practices in agriculture & allied fields

which provide new career options
 M. Sc. Ag. (Agricultural Economics)

Program Specific Outcomes (PSOs)

PSO-1 To apply the principles of micro, macro and production economic theory to farm
decision making, farm business and its management

PSO-2 To enhance knowledge and experience to improve efficiency/performance of

agricultural market structure, conduct and functionaries

PSO-3 To help students to analyze agricultural economic problems by applying

quantitative techniques.

PSO-4 To understand agricultural policies, organic farming techniques, globalization and

their impact on sustainable development.

PSO-5 To acquire knowledge on disbursement of institutional finance, appraisal

techniques in investment of agricultural projects.

PSO-6 To help students learn the research process, techniques and methodology to be
used in research
 M.Sc. Ag. (Agricultural Economics) 2023-25

SEMESTER-I
Course Course Title Credit Marks Total Page
Code Hours Theory + Practical Marks No.
+ I. Assessment
AEC-511 Micro Economics Theory and 3(3+0) 75+0+25 100 08-09
Application
AEC-512 Agricultural Production 3 (2+1) 50+25+25 100 10-11
Economics

AEC-513 Natural Resources and 3 (2+1) 50+25+25 100 12-13

(Minor) Environment Economics

STAT-511 Statistical Methods for Applied / 4 (3+1) 57+18+25 100 14-15

social sciences

*PGS-511 Technical Writing & 1(0+1) 100 (Pr) 100 16-17

Communication Skills

*PGS-512 Library and Information Services 1(0+1) 100 (Pr) 100 18

*AEC-599 Master’s Research 5 (0+5) S/US 19

Total 20 (13+7*)

* Non-credit course
Total Internal Assessment = 25 marks (Mid Semester Test – 10 marks; Attendance – 10 marks;
Conduct & Academic, Extra Curricular Activities – 5 marks)

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 M.Sc. Ag. (Agricultural Economics) 2023-25

SEMESTER-II
Course Course Title Credit Marks Total Page No
Code Hours Marks
Theory + Practical
+ I. Assessment
AEC-521 Agricultural Marketing and Price 3 (2+1) 50+25+25 100 20-21
Analysis

AEC-522 Macro Economics and policy 3 (3+0) 75+0+25 100 22-23

AEC-523 Research Methodology for Social 3 (2+1) 38+37+25 100 24-25

Sciences
AEC- Agricultural Development and 3 (3+0) 75+0+25 100 26-27
524(Minor) Policy Analysis

*PGS-521 Agricultural Research, Research 1 (1+0) 100 (Th) 100 28-29

Ethics and Rural development
Programmes
*AEC-599 Master’s Research 5 (0+5) S/US 30
Total 18(12+6 *)

* Non-credit course
Total Internal Assessment = 25 marks (Mid Semester Test – 10 marks; Attendance – 10 marks;
Conduct & Academic, Extra Curricular Activities – 5 marks)

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 M.Sc. Ag. (Agricultural Economics) 2023-25

Semester-III
Course Subject Credit hours Marks Total Page
Code Marks No.
Theory +
Practical + I.
Assessment

AEC-531 Econometrics 3 (2+1) 50+25+25 100 31-32

AEC-532 Agricultural Finance and 3 (2+1) 50+25+25 100 33-34

project Management

STAT-531 Designs of Surveys 3(2+1) 50+25+25 100 35-36

AEC-591 Credit Seminar 1 (1+0) 100 100 37

*PGS-531 Intellectual Property & its 1 (1+0) 100 (Th) 100 38-39
Management in Agriculture

*AEC-599 Master’s Research 10(0+10) S/US 40

Total 21(10+11*)

* Non-credit course
Total Internal Assessment = 25 marks (Mid Semester Test – 10 marks; Attendance – 10 marks;
Conduct & Academic, Extra Curricular Activities – 5 marks)

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 M.Sc. Ag. (Agricultural Economics) 2023-25

SEMESTER-IV
Course Subject Credit Marks Total Page
Code hours Marks No.
Theory +
Practical + I.
Assessment

AEC-541 Linear Programming 2(1+1) 38+37+25 100 41-42

AEC-542 Indian Economy: History 1 (1+0) 75+0+25 100 43-44

(Minor) and Contemporary issues

*PGS-541 Disaster Management 1 (1+0) 100 (Th) 100 45-46

*AEC-599 Master’s Research 10(0+10) S/US 47

Total 14(3+11*)

* Non-credit course
Total Internal Assessment = 25 marks (Mid Semester Test – 10 marks; Attendance – 10 marks;
Conduct & Academic, Extra Curricular Activities – 5 marks)

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 M.Sc. Ag. (Agricultural Economics) 2023-25

SEMESTER-I
AEC-511 Micro Economics Theory and Application
Time: 3 Hours Credit hours: 3(3+0)
Max. Marks: 100
Theory: 75
Internal assessment: 25
Instructions for the papers Setters
1. Question paper should be set strictly according to the syllabus.
2. The language of questions should be straight & simple.
3. In all nine questions should be asked, of which first question of 15 marks (Comprising
of 10 short answer type questions covering 1.5 marks each of the whole syllabus) will
be compulsory.
4. Of the remaining eight questions, two questions should be asked from each section, of
which the candidates are required to attempt one question from each section. All
questions carry equal marks (15).
Course Objective:
1. To familiarize the students with basic concepts of micro-economics
2. To analyze individual consumers behavior in different economic environment.
3. To familiarize students with0020producers’ behavior under different stages of
production.
4. To familiarize students with different market forms and their price- output
determination under various conditions.
5. To evaluate cost and benefits of the changes in the economy and guide public
policy towards increase total goods of the society.

Theory
Section A: Theory of consumer behavior – Cardinal Utility Approach, Ordinal Utility
Approach, Applications of Indifference Curve Approach, Revealed Preference
Hypothesis. Demand theory, elasticity of demand, Consumer surplus.

Section B: Theory of the firm. Theory of Production – Production functions, Returns to

scale and economies of scale. Theory of Costs – Cost curves, Profit maximization and
cost minimization.

Section C: Law of Supply, Producers’ surplus Price determination under various market
situations – Monopoly, Monopolistic competition, Oligopoly.

Section D: Theories of distribution, General Equilibrium Theory, Welfare Economics.

Suggested Readings
1. H L Ahuja. (2021). Principles of Microeconomics. S. Chand & Co.

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 M.Sc. Ag. (Agricultural Economics) 2023-25

2. T.R Jain and A.S Sandhu. (2020). Mircoeconomics. VK Global Publications Pvt. Ltd.,
New Delhi.
3. H L Ahuja. (2021). Advanced Economic theory: Micoeconomics Analysis. S.Chand &
Co.
4. R Pindyck and D Rubinfeld. (2017). Microeconomics. Pearson Edu. India.
5. M.K David. (2020). A Course in Microeconomic Theory. Princeton University Press.
6. K.K Dewitt K.K. (2020). Modern Economic Theory. S Chand & Co.
7. Koutsoyiannis A. (2003). Modern Microeconomics. The Macmillan Press.

Course Outcomes:
1. Understanding of the determinants of demand and supply to the students
2. Explain and graphically illustrate market equilibrium, surplus and shortage.
3. Use the concepts of consumer, producer and total surplus to explain why markets typically
lead to efficient outcomes
4. Government Action: Evaluate the consequences of government policies in markets

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 M.Sc. Ag. (Agricultural Economics) 2023-25

SEMESTER-I

AEC-512 Agricultural Production Economics

Time: 3 Hours Credit hours: 3(2+1)
Max. Marks: 100
Theory: 50
Practical: 25
Internal assessment: 25
Instructions for the Paper Setters:
1. Question paper should be set strictly according to the syllabus.
2. The language of questions should be straight & simple.
3. In all nine questions should be asked, of which first question of 10 marks (Comprising of 10
short answer type questions covering the whole syllabus) will be compulsory.
4. Of the remaining eight questions, two questions should be asked from each section, of which
the candidates are required to attempt one question from each section. All questions carry
equal marks (10).
Course Objectives
1. To determine and outline the conditions that give the optimum use of capital, labour, land
and management resources in the production of crops, livestock and allied enterprises.
2. To analyse the forces which condition the existing production pattern and resource use.
3. To explain the means and methods in getting from the existing use to optimum use of
resources.

Theory
Section A: Nature, scope and significance of agricultural production economics- Agricultural
Production processes, character, Centrality of production functions, assumptions of production
functions, commonly used forms - Properties, limitations, specification, estimation and
interpretation of commonly used production functions.
Section B: Factors of production, classification, interdependence, and factor substitution -
Determination of optimal levels of production and factor application –Optimal factor
combination and least cost combination of production
Section C: Cost functions and cost curves, components, and cost minimization -Duality theory,
cost and production functions and its applications -Economies and diseconomies of scale.
Section D: Technology in agricultural production, nature and effects and measurement -
Measuring efficiency in agricultural production; technical, allocative and economic efficiencies -
Yield gap analysis-concepts-types.
Practical
Different forms of production functions, Specification, estimation and interpretation of
production functions, Returns to scale, factor shares, elasticity of production, Physical optima-
economic optimal, Least cost combination, Optimal product choice, Cost function estimation,

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 M.Sc. Ag. (Agricultural Economics) 2023-25

interpretation, Estimation of yield gap, Incorporation of technology in production functions,

Measuring returns to scale-risk analysis.

Suggested Readings
1. Beattie BR & Taylor CR. 1985. The Economics of Production. John Wiley &
Sons.
2. Doll JP & Frank O. 1978. Production Economics - Theory and Applications.John
Wiley & Sons.
3. Gardner BL & Rausser GC. 2001. Handbook of Agricultural Economics. Vol. I.
Agricultural Production. Elsevier.
4. Heady EO. Economics of Agricultural Production and Resource Use. Prentice-
Hall.
5. Sankayan PL. 1983. Introduction to Farm Management. Tata Mc Graw Hill.

Course Outcomes:
1. Train the students in production economics tools for agricultural decision making
2. To expose the students to the concept, significance and uses of agricultural production
economics.

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 M.Sc. Ag. (Agricultural Economics) 2023-25

SEMESTER-I
Natural Resources and Environmental Economics (Minor)
AEC-513
Time: 3 Hours Credit Hours: 3(2+1)
Max. Marks: 100
Theory: 50
Practical: 25
Internal assessment: 25

Instructions for the Paper Setters:

1. Question paper should be set strictly according to the syllabus.
2. The language of questions should be straight & simple.
3. In all nine questions should be asked, of which first question of 10 marks (Comprising of 10
short answer type questions covering the whole syllabus) will be compulsory.
4. of the remaining eight questions, two questions should be asked from each section, of which
the candidates are required to attempt one question from each section. All questions carry equal
marks (10).

Course Objective:
1. Get an introduction to research methodologies, both qualitative and quantitative
2. Study about the contemporary perspectives in educational research, with special focus on
developing a range of skills involved in formulating a research proposal including framing the
research questionnaires, reviewing the literature and choosing appropriate methodologies for
different types of research studies

Theory

Section A: Concepts, Classification and Problems of Natural Resource Economics – Economy

Environment interaction – The Material Balance principle, Entropy law-Resources Scarcity -
Limits to Growth - Measuring and mitigating natural resource scarcity .

Section B: Theory of optimal extraction renewable resources, Theory of optimal extraction

exhaustible Efficiency and markets – market failures - externalities – types - property rights–
Coase’s theorem and its critique - public goods – common property and open access resource
management - Collective action
Section C: Environmental perspectives - biocentrism, sustainability, anthropocentrism -
Environmental problems and quality of environment - Sources and types of pollution -air, water,
solid waste, land degradation – environmental and economic impacts - Economics of pollution
control - efficient reduction in environmental pollution- pollution charges – Pigovian tax -
tradable permits – environmental legislations in India.
Section-D: Concept of sustainable development – Economic Perspective – Indicators of
sustainability Relation between development and environment stress-–International

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 M.Sc. Ag. (Agricultural Economics) 2023-25

Environmental Issues – climate change – likely impacts – mitigation efforts and international
treaties.
Practical

Exhaustible resource management, Concepts in valuing the environment, Taxonomy of valuation

techniques, Productivity change method –substitute cost method – Hedonic price method –Travel
cost method – Contingent valuation methods, Discount rate in natural resource management,
Environment impact assessment, Visit to Pollution Control Board.

Suggested Reading

1. Pearce DW and Turner RK. Economics of Natural Resource and Environment

2. Kwak J. Economism: Bad Economics and the Rise of Inequality
3. Tietenberg T and Lewis L. Environmental and Natural Resource Economics
4. Schwarz PM. Energy Economics

Course Outcome:
1. To analyze the classification and problems of natural resource economics
2. To study the concepts of market failure, public goods, common property rights
3. To understand the concept of sustainable development
4. To understand the environmental policy issues and alternative instruments of
environmental policies

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 M.Sc. Ag. (Agricultural Economics) 2023-25

SEMESTER-I
STAT-511 Statistical Methods for Applied Sciences
Time: 3 Hours Credit Hours: 4(3+1)
Max. Marks: 100
Theory: 57
Practical: 18
Internal assessment: 25
Instructions for the Paper Setters:

1. Question paper should be set strictly according to the syllabus.

2. The language of questions should be straight & simple.
3. In all nine questions should be asked, of which first question of 9 marks (Comprising of 9
short answer type questions covering the whole syllabus) will be compulsory.
4. Out of remaining eight questions, two questions should be asked from each section, out
of which the candidates are required to attempt one question from each section. All
question will carry equal marks (12).

Course Objectives:
1The aim of this course is to understand the basics of statistical methods and their
applications in agriculture.
2.It helps the students in understanding, analyzing and interpreting the agricultural data.
3. It also helps in making appropriate decisions in agricultural research findings.
Theory
Section-A: Box-plot, Descriptive statistics: - measures of central tendency, dispersion, Theory of
probability: - types and introduction, Introduction to Random variable and Mathematical
expectation and their properties.
Section-B: Discrete and continuous probability distributions: - Binomial, Poisson, Normal
distribution and their applications. Concept of sampling distribution: chi-square, t and F
distributions. Tests of significance based on Normal, chi-square, t and F distributions.
Section-C: Simple and multiple correlation coefficient, partial correlation, rank correlation,
Simple and multiple linear regression model, test of significance of correlation coefficient and
regression coefficients, Coefficient of determination.
Section-D: Non-parametric tests: - sign, Mann-Whitney U-test, Run test for the randomness of a
sequence, Median test: - introduction and their applications. Introduction to ANOVA: One way
and Two Way, Introduction to Sampling Techniques: - SRS, cluster, stratified, systematic
sampling: - introduction and their applications, Transformation of Data.
Practical:
Fitting of distributions ~ Binomial, Poisson, Normal. Large sample tests, testing of hypothesis
based on exact sampling distributions ~ chi-square, t and F. Correlation and regression analysis.
Non-parametric tests. ANOVA: One way, Two Way.
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 M.Sc. Ag. (Agricultural Economics) 2023-25

Suggested Reading:

1. Goon A.M, Gupta M.K and Dasgupta B. 1977. An Outline of Statistical Theory. Vol. I.
The World Press.
2. Goon A.M, Gupta M.K. and Dasgupta B. 1983. Fundamentals of Statistics. Vol. I. The
World Press.
3. Hoel P.G. 1971. Introduction to Mathematical Statistics. John Wiley.
4. Hogg R.V and Craig T.T. 1978. Introduction to Mathematical Statistics. Macmillan.
5. Morrison D.F. 1976. Multivariate Statistical Methods. McGraw Hill.
6. Hogg RV, McKean JW, Craig AT. 2012. Introduction to Mathematical Statistics 7th
Edition.
7. Siegel S, Johan N & Casellan Jr. 1956. Non-parametric Tests for Behavior Sciences. John
Wiley.
8. Anderson TW. 2009. An Introduction to Multivariate Statistical Analysis, 3rd Ed. John
Wiley
9. http://freestatistics.altervista.org/en/learning.php.
10. http://www.statsoft.com/textbook/stathome.html.

Course Outcome:
1. Get knowledge on probability theory, sampling techniques, standard error etc
2. Apply Correction and regression techniques.
3. Apply T-Test, chi-square and large sample tests

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 M.Sc. Ag. (Agricultural Economics) 2023-25

SEMESTER-I
*PGS-511 Technical Writing & Communications Skills

Time: 3 Hours Credit Hours: 1(0+1)

Max. Marks: 100
Practical: 100
Instructions for the Paper Setters:
1. The question paper will consist of nine skill-oriented questions.
2. The first 5 questions carry 8 marks each. There will be internal choice wherever possible. The
answer should be in 50-80 words. (5×8=40 Marks)
3. There will be four essay type questions from the entire syllabus. There will be internal choice
wherever possible. The answer should be in 250 words. (4×15= 60 Marks)

Course objectives:
1. To equip the students/ scholars with skills to write dissertations, research papers, etc.
2. To equip the students/ scholars with skills to communicate and articulate in English (verbal as
well as writing).

Practical:
Various forms of scientific writings- theses, technical papers, reviews, manuals etc.;
Various parts of thesis and research communications (title page, authorship contents page,
preface, introduction, review of literature, material and methods, experimental results and
discussion); Writing of abstracts, summaries, précis, citations, etc.; Commonly used
abbreviations in the theses and research communications; Illustrations, photographs and
drawings with suitable captions; pagination numbering of tables and illustrations; Writing of
numbers and dates in scientific write-ups. Editing and proof-reading. Writing of a review article;
Communication Skills - Grammar (Tenses, parts of speech, clauses, punctuation marks); Error
analysis (Common errors), Concord, Collocation, Phonetic symbols and transcription;
Accentual pattern: Weak forms in connected speech; Participation in group discussion; Facing an
interview; Presentation of scientific papers.
Suggested Reading:

1. Barnes and Noble. Robert C. (Ed.). 2005. Spoken English: Flourish Your Language.
2. Chicago Manual of Style. 14th Ed. 1996. Prentice Hall of India.
3. Collins’ Cobuild English Dictionary. 1995.
4. Harper Collins. Gordon HM and Walter JA. 1970. Technical Writing. 3rd Ed.
5. Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Hornby AS. 2000. Comp. Oxford Advanced Learner’s
Dictionary of Current English. 6th Ed. Oxford University Press.
6. James HS. 1994. Handbook for Technical Writing. NTC Business Books.
7. Joseph G. 2000. MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers. 5th Ed. Affiliated East-
West Press.
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 M.Sc. Ag. (Agricultural Economics) 2023-25

8. Mohan K. 2005. Speaking English Effectively. MacMillan India.

9. Richard WS. 1969. Technical Writing.
10. Sethi J and Dhamija PV. 2004. Course in Phonetics and Spoken English. 2nd Ed. Prentice
Hall of India.
11. Wren PC and Martin H. 2006. High School English Grammar and Composition.S. Chand
& Co.

Course Outcome:
1. Understand the definitions, descriptions, process explanations and other common forms of
technical writing
2. Understand how to follow the stages of the writing process and apply them to technical
and workplace writing tasks
3. Synthesize and integrate material collected from primary and secondary sources with their
own ideas while writing research paper

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 M.Sc. Ag. (Agricultural Economics) 2023-25

SEMESTER-I
*PGS-512 Library and Information Services

Time: 3 Hours Maximum marks: 100

Practical: 100
Credit hours: 1(0+1)

Instructions for the Paper Setters:

1. The question paper will consist of nine skill-oriented questions.
2. The first 5 questions carry 8 marks each. There will be internal choice wherever possible. The
answer should be in 50-80 words. (5×8=40 Marks)
3. There will be four essay type questions from the entire syllabus. There will be internal choice
wherever possible. The answer should be in 250 words. (4×15= 60 Marks)

Practical:
Introduction to library and its services; Role of libraries in education, research and technology
transfer; Classification systems and organization of library; Sources of information- Primary
Sources, Secondary Sources and Tertiary Sources; Intricacies of abstracting and indexing
services (Science Citation Index, Biological Abstracts, Chemical Abstracts, CABI Abstracts,
etc.); Tracing information from reference sources; Literature survey; Citation techniques/
Preparation of bibliography; Use of CD-ROM Databases, Online Public Access Catalogue and
other computerized library services; Use of Internet including search engines and its
resources; e- resources access methods.

Course outcomes:
1. Understand the definitions, descriptions, process explanations and other common forms of
technical writing.
2. Understand how to follow the stages of the writing process and apply them to technical and
workplace writing tasks
3. Synthesize and integrate material collected from primary and secondary sources with their
own ideas while writing research papers.

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 M.Sc. Ag. (Agricultural Economics) 2023-25

SEMESTER-I
*AEC-599 Masters’ Research
S/US
Credits hours:5(0+5)

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 M.Sc. Ag. (Agricultural Economics) 2023-25

SEMESTER-II
AEC-521 Agricultural Marketing and Price Analysis
Time: 3 Hours Credit hours: 3(2+1)
Max. Marks: 100
Theory: 50
Practical: 25
Internal assessment: 25

Instructions for the Paper Setters:

1.Question paper should be set strictly according to the syllabus.
2.The language of questions should be straight & simple.
3.In all nine questions should be asked, of which first question of 10 marks (Comprising of
10 short answer type questions covering the whole syllabus) will be compulsory.
4.Of the remaining eight questions, two questions should be asked from each section, of
which the candidates are required to attempt one question from each section. All questions
carry equal marks (10).

Course Objective:
1. The ultimate aim of production process is to sell the produce in the market and generate
income.
2. Markets serve as platform where this exchange takes place. Agriculture markets are
different from other markets due to the nature of the commodity.
3. It is important to develop a strong foundation of agricultural marketing, its components
and issues.
4. The student needs to know about the multi-pronged ways of marketing the produce,
agencies involved.
Theory
Section-A: Market structure, conduct and performance analysis. Problems in Agricultural
Marketing from Demand, Supply and Institutions sides. Market intermediaries and regulation.
Marketable &Marketed surplus estimation. Marketing Efficiency. Vertical and Horizontal
integration.
Section-B: Marketing Co-operatives – APMC, Direct marketing, Contract farming and
Retailing. Supply Chain Management - State trading, Warehousing and other Government
agencies. Performance and Strategies -Market Infrastructure needs, performance and
Government role. Value Chain Finance.
Section-C: Role of information technology and telecommunication in marketing of
agricultural commodities - Market research, Market information service, electronic auctions (e-
bay), e-Chaupals, Agmarket, Domestic and Export market Intelligence Cell (DEMIC). Market
extension.

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 M.Sc. Ag. (Agricultural Economics) 2023-25

Section-D: Spatial and temporal price relationship – price forecasting, time series
analysis, time series models, spectral analysis. Price policy and economic development – Non-
price instruments. Theory of storage - Introduction to Commodities markets and future trading,
basics of commodity futures, Operation Mechanism of Commodity markets, Price discovery,
Hedging and Basis, Fundamental analysis, Technical Analysis. Role of Government in
promoting commodity trading and regulatory measures.

Practical:
Training of supply and demand elasticities, price spread, price forecasting, concentration
ratios and marketing efficiency analysis. Marketing structure analysis of regulated market and
marketing societies. Analysis on contract farming and supply chain management. Chain Analysis
- quantitative estimation of supply chain efficiency. Online searches for market information
sources and interpretation of market intelligence reports. Technical and fundamental Analysis for
important agricultural commodities- presentation of the survey results and wrap-up discussion.

Suggested Readings:
1. S.S Acharya and N.L Agarawal2004.Agricultural Marketing in India. Oxford and IBH
Publishing company Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi.
2. S S Acharya and N.L Agarawal.1994. Agricultural Prices Analysis and Policy. Oxford
and IBH Publishing company Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi.
3. R.L.Kohls and J.U Uhj. 2012. Marketing of Agricultural products.

Course Outcome:

1. Define and explain the process of calculating the elasticities, price spread, price forecasting
2. Understand the market structure of regulated and market societies
3. Get themselves acquainted with different market cooperatives
4. Understand the role of the Government in promoting commodity trading and regulatory
measure

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 M.Sc. Ag. (Agricultural Economics) 2023-25

SEMESTER-II
AEC-522: Macro Economics and Policy
Time: 3 Hours Credit hours: 3(3+0)
Max. Marks: 100
Theory: 75
Internal Assessment=25
Instructions for the Paper Setters:
1. Question paper should be set strictly according to the syllabus.
2. The language of questions should be straight & simple.
3. In all nine questions should be asked, of which first question of 15 marks (Comprising of 15
short answer type questions covering the whole syllabus) will be compulsory.
4. Of the remaining eight questions, two questions should be asked from each section, of which
the candidates are required to attempt one question from each section. All questions carry
equal marks (15).
Course Objective:
1. To identify the determinants of various macroeconomic aggregates such as output,
unemployment, inflation, productivity and the major challenges associated with the
measurement of these aggregates.
2. To discuss the linkages between financial markets and the real economy, and how
these linkages influence the impact of economic policies over differing time horizons.
3. To study the achievement of government goals through their recommended polices i.e
monetary and fiscal policy.
4. To examine the macroeconomic policy issues and implications.

Theory:
Section-A: Nature and Scope of Macro Economics. National Income - concepts and
measurement. Classical theory of Employment and Say's Law. Modem theory of Employment
and Effective Demand.
Section-B: Consumption function. Investment and savings. Concept of Multiplier and
Accelerator. Output and Employment. Rate of interest - Classical, Neo classical and Keynesian
version, Classical theory Vs Keynesian theory. Unemployment and Full employment.
Section-C: Money-Classical theories of Money and Price. Keynesian theory of money. Supply
of Money. Demand for Money. Inflation nature, effects and control. IS & LM framework -
General Equilibrium of product and money markets.
Section-D: Monetary policy. Fiscal policy. Effectiveness of Monetary and Fiscal policy. Central
banking. Business cycles. Balance of Payment. Foreign Exchange Rate determination.
Suggested Readings
1. H.L Ahuja (2021). Macroeconomics: Theory and Policy. S. Chand & Co.

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 M.Sc. Ag. (Agricultural Economics) 2023-25

2. D.D Chatirvedi and A Mittal (2018). Macroeconomics. International Book House Pvt. Ltd., New
Delhi.

3. E Shapiro (2013). Macroeconomic Analysis.Galgotia Publication Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.

4. A Gardner (2017). Macro Economic: Theory and Policy. Collier Macmillan.

5. R Dornbusch and S Fischer (2018). Macroeconomics. McGraw Hill Publication.

6. R T Frogen (2018). Macro Economic: Theory and Policies. 6th Ed. Prentice Hall.

Course Outcome:
1. Understand the methods of calculating national income, its various components and concepts
2. Understand the aggregate changes taking place in the economy such as unemployment growth
rate, GDP and inflation
3. Get themselves acquainted with the tools of fiscal policy and monetary policy.
4. Understand demand and supply of money, inflation and the role of monetary policy

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 M.Sc. Ag. (Agricultural Economics) 2023-25

Semester-II
AEC-523: Research Methodology for Social Sciences
Time: 3 Hours Credit hours: 3(2+1)
Max. Marks: 100
Theory: 38
Practical: 37
Internal assessment: 25
Instructions for the Paper Setters:
1. Question paper should be set strictly according to the syllabus.
2. The language of questions should be straight & simple.
3. In all nine questions should be asked, of which first question of 10 marks (Comprising of 10
short answer type questions covering the whole syllabus) will be compulsory.
4. Of the remaining eight questions, two questions should be asked from each section, of which
the candidates are required to attempt one question from each section. All questions carry
equal marks (7).
Course Objectives-

1. To provides an introduction to research methodologies, both qualitative and quantitative.

2. To introduces students to contemporary perspectives in educational research, and in

particular focuses on developing a range of skills involved in formulating a research
proposal; including framing research questions, reviewing the literature and choosing
appropriate methodologies for different types of study.

Theory:
Section-A: Importance and scope of research in social sciences. Concept and characteristics of
social research, Types of research, Fundamental vs. Applied, Concept of researchable problem –
research prioritization, research process.
Section-B Hypothesis – meaning, characteristics, types and testing. Review of literature.
Development of theoretical orientation of the research problem, Concept, construct, variables
and their measurement.
Section-C: Sampling design, sampling error and methods of sampling. Research design and
techniques. Types of data collection tools and testing their reliability and validity. Scaling
techniques. Coding, editing, tabulation and validation of data.
Section-D: Tools of data analysis. Statistical package for social sciences, interpretation of
results, preparing research report / thesis. Writing of articles. Universal procedures for
preparation of bibliography.
21
 M.Sc. Ag. (Agricultural Economics) 2023-25

Practical:
Selection and formulation of research problem, objectives and hypothesis. Selection of
variables and their operationalization, Developing conceptual framework of research.
Development of data collection tools and measuring their validity and reliability. Data
processing, tabulation and analysis. Formulation of secondary tables. Writing of thesis and
research articles. Presentation of reports.
Suggested readings-
1. A P Kulkarni Basics of Research Methodology
2. S.K Gupta Research Methodology Methods Tools And Techniques
3. T B Rao. Research Methodology
Course Outcome:
1. Get an introduction to research methodologies, both qualitative and quantitative
2. Study about the contemporary perspectives in educational research, with special focus on
developing a range of skills involved in formulating a research proposal including framing the
research questionnaires, reviewing the literature and choosing appropriate methodologies for
different types of research studies

22
 M.Sc. Ag. (Agricultural Economics) 2023-25

SEMESTER-II
AEC-524 Agricultural Development and Policy Analysis (Minor)
Time: 3 Hours Credit hours: 3(3+0)
Max. Marks: 100
Theory: 75
Internal assessment: 25
Instructions for the Paper Setters:

1.Question paper should be set strictly according to the syllabus.

2. The language of questions should be straight & simple.
In all nine questions should be asked, of which first question of 15 marks (Comprising of 10
short answer type questions covering the whole syllabus) will be compulsory.
Of the remaining eight questions, two questions should be asked from each section, of which
the candidates are required to attempt one question from each section. All questions carry equal
marks (15).

Course Objectives-
1. The main objective of the course was to provide knowledge to students about different
indicators of economic development.
2. The course also intends to familiarize students about different economic and non-
economic factors of economic development.
3. The students will also learn the role of state in economic development and different
development issues such as poverty, inequality, unemployment and environment
degradation.

Theory
Section A: Role of agriculture in economic/ rural development – Evolution of thinking on
agriculture and development; Agricultural development – meaning, stages and determinants –
Population and food supply – need for sound agricultural policies

Section B: Resource exploitation model- Conservation model- Location (Urban impact) model-
Diffusion model- High pay-off input model-Induced Innovation Model- Agricultural R&D and
Linkages

Section C: Agrarian structure and land relations; trends in performance and productivity;
agrarian structure and technology; credit, commerce and technology; capital formation;
subsidies; pricing and procurement; Post Green Revolution agriculture; Production and
productivity crisis in agriculture; Regional differences; Food Security, PDS system and
Malnutrition.
Section D: Instruments of Agricultural Policy; Process of agricultural policy formulation,
implementation, Monitoring and Evaluation in India; Global experiences in participatory
approach to Agricultural policy process; critical review of various elements of Indian agricultural
policy-resource policies – credit policies – input and product marketing policies – price policies;

23
 M.Sc. Ag. (Agricultural Economics) 2023-25

WTO – Agreement on Agriculture; Planning models. Planning for utilization of resources and
Indian Five Year Plans.
Suggested Readings:
1.M.L .Jhingan , The economics of development and planing,Vrinda publications,2011
2.R.N.Soni and Sangeeta Malhotra, Leading Issues in Agricultural economics ,Vishal Publishing Co,
3. Albert O. Hirschman 1958. Strategy of Economic Development. New Man Yale University
4. Simon Kuznets 1965. Economic Growth and Structures. Oxford New Delhi.
5. Das Gupta AK. 1965. Planning and Economic Growth. George Allen and Unwin London
6 Robert E. Baldwin 1966. Economic Development and Growth. John Willey, New York

Course Outcomes:
1. Provide orientation to the students regarding the concepts and measures of economic
development.
2. Provide orientation on theories of economic growth and relevance of theories in
developing countries.
3. Understand the agricultural policies and its effect on sustainable agricultural
development.
4. Understand the globalization and its impact on agricultural development.

24
 M.Sc. Ag. (Agricultural Economics) 2023-25

SEMESTER-II
*PGS-521- Agricultural Research, Research Ethics and Rural Development Programmes
Time: 3 Hours Credit hours: 1(1+0)
Max. Marks: 100
Instructions for the Paper Setters:

1. Question paper should be set strictly according to the syllabus.

2. The language of questions should be straight & simple.
3. There will be total of five questions, out of which first question of 20 marks (Comprising of
10 short answer type questions of 2 marks each) covering the whole syllabus will be
compulsory.
4. Out of remaining eight questions, two questions should be asked from each section, out of
which the candidates are required to attempt one question from each section. All question
will carry equal marks (20).
Course objective:
1. The main objective of the course is to enlighten the students about the organization and
functioning of agricultural research systems at national and international levels, research ethics,
and rural development programmes and policies of Government.
Theory:
Section A: History of agriculture in brief; Global agricultural research system: need, scope, opportunities;
Role in promoting food security, reducing poverty and protecting the environment; National Agricultural
Research Systems (NARS) and Regional Agricultural Research Institutions; Consultative Group on
International Agricultural Research (CGIAR):
Section B: International Agricultural Research Centres (IARC), partnership with NARS, role
as a partner in the global agricultural research system, strengthening capacities at national
and regional levels; International fellowships for scientific mobility. Research ethics: research
integrity, research safety in laboratories, welfare of animals used in research, computer ethics,
standards and problems in research ethics.
Section C: Concept and connotations of rural development, rural development policies and
strategies. Rural development programmes: Community Development Programme, Intensive
Agricultural District Programme, Special group – Area Specific Programme,
Section D: Integrated Rural Development Programme (IRDP) Panchayati Raj Institutions,
Co-operatives, Voluntary Agencies/ Non-Governmental Organizations. Critical evaluation
of rural development policies and programmes. Constraints in implementation of rural policies
and programmes.
Suggested Readings:
1. Bhalla GS and Singh G. 2001. Indian Agriculture - Four Decades of Development. Sage Publ.
2. Punia MS. Manual on International Research and Research Ethics. CCS Haryana Agricultural
University, Hisar.

25
 M.Sc. Ag. (Agricultural Economics) 2023-25

3. Rao BSV. 2007. Rural Development Strategies and Role of Institutions - Issues, Innovations
and Initiatives. Mittal Publ.

Course Outcome:
1. Understand the moral judgment and reactions.
2. Identify the publication misconduct, scientific misconduct, complaints and appeals.

26
 M.Sc. Ag. (Agricultural Economics) 2023-25

SEMESTER-II

*AEC-599 Masters’ Research

S/US
Credits hours: 5(0+5)

27
 M.Sc. Ag. (Agricultural Economics) 2023-25

SEMESTER-III
AEC-531 Econometrics
Time: 3 Hours Credit hours: 3(2+1)
Max. Marks: 100
Theory: 50
Practical: 25
Internal assessment: 25
Instructions for the Paper Setters:
1. Question paper should be set strictly according to the syllabus.
2. The language of questions should be straight & simple.
3.In all nine questions should be asked, of which first question of 10 marks (Comprising of 10
short answer type questions covering the whole syllabus) will be compulsory.
4. Of the remaining eight questions, two questions should be asked from each section, of which
the candidates are required to attempt one question from each section. All questions carry equal
marks (10).
Course Objectives
1. To provides knowledge of the econometric methods like time series analysis, linear
regression models and their application in economic analysis.
2. To provides an insight into the econometric problems in analyzing time series and cross
section data.

Theory
Section-A: Introduction – relationship between economic theory, mathematical economics,
models and econometrics, methodology of econometrics-regression analysis. Basic two
variable regression - assumptions estimation and interpretation approaches to estimation -
OLS, MLE and their properties

Section-B: Multi variable models-multiple regression estimation and interpretation. Violation

of assumptions – identification, consequences and remedies for Multicollinearity,
heteroscedasticity.

Section-C: Autocorrelation – data problems and remedial approaches - model misspecification,

Use of dummy variables-limited dependent variables – specification, estimation and
interpretation.

Section-D: Simultaneous equation models – structural equations - reduced form equations -

Identification and approaches to estimation.

Practical:
Practicals on single equation two variable model specification and estimation, hypothesis
testing, transformations of functional forms and OLS application. Estimation of multiple
regression models - hypothesis testing, testing and correcting specification errors, testing and

28
 M.Sc. Ag. (Agricultural Economics) 2023-25

managing multicollinearity, heteroscedasticity, autocorrelation. Estimation of regressions

with dummy variables

Suggested Readings:
1. Greene WH. 2002. Econometric Analysis. Pearson Education.
2. Johnston J and Dinardo J. 2000. Econometric Methods. Mc Graw-Hill.
3. Koutseyianis, A. 1997. Theory of Econometrics. Barner & Noble.
4. Maddala GS. 2002. Econometrics. Mc Graw-Hill.
5. Pinndyck RS and Rubinfeld DL. 1990. Econometric Models and Econometric Forecasts.
6. McGraw Hill.

Course Outcome:
1. The student will be able to-Understand the variables and the properties of regression models.
2. Identify the problems in variables and remove them before conducting the analysis and avoid
biased results

29
 M.Sc. Ag. (Agricultural Economics) 2023-25

SEMESTER-III
AEC-532: Agricultural Finance and Project Management

Time: 3 Hours Max marks: 100

Theory: 50
Practical: 25
Internal assessment: 25
Credit hours : 3(2+1)
Instructions for the Paper Setters:
1. Question paper should be set strictly according to the syllabus.
2. The language of questions should be straight & simple.
3. In all nine questions should be asked, of which first question of 10 marks (Comprising of 10
short answer type questions covering the whole syllabus) will be compulsory.
4. Of the remaining eight questions, two questions should be asked from each section, of which
the candidates are required to attempt one question from each section. All questions carry
equal marks (10).

Course Objective
1.To understand the role and importance of agriculture finance
2.To explore the different agricultural lending agencies
3.To understand various financial statements like balance sheet, cash flow statements etc.
4.To explore the various project appraisal techniques involved for choice of any project
Theory
Section A: Role and Importance of Agricultural Finance. Financial Institutions and credit flow to
rural/priority sector. Agricultural lending – Direct and Indirect Financing, Financing through Co-
operatives, NABARD and Commercial Banks and RRBs. District Credit Plan and lending to
agriculture/priority sector.
Section B: Micro-Financing and Role of MFI’s -NGO’s, and SHG’s. Lending to farmers – The
concept of 3 C’s, 7 P’s and 3 R's of credit. Estimation of Technical feasibility, Economic
viability and repaying capacity of borrowers and appraisal of credit proposals. Understanding
lenders and developing better working relationship and supervisory credit system.
Section C: Financial Decisions – Investment, Financing, Liquidity and Solvency. Financial
statements - Balance Sheet, Cash Flow Statement and Profit and Loss Account. Ratio Analysis.
Project Approach in financing agriculture. Financial, economic and environmental appraisal of
investment projects. Identification, preparation, appraisal, financing and implementation of
projects.
Section D: Project Appraisal techniques – Undiscounted measures. Time value of money. Use of
discounted measures - B-C ratio, NPV and IRR. Agreements, supervision, monitoring and
evaluation phases in appraising agricultural investment projects. Net work Techniques – PERT
and CPM. Risks in financing agriculture. Risk management strategies and coping mechanism.
30
 M.Sc. Ag. (Agricultural Economics) 2023-25

Crop Insurance programmes – review of different crop insurance schemes – yield loss and
weather-based insurance and their applications.
Practical:
Estimation of demand and supply gaps of institutional agricultural credit. Preparation of
farm credit plan and financial statements using farm/firm level data. Farm credit appraisal
techniques and farm financial analysis through financial statements. Performance of Micro
Financing Institutions - NGO’s and Self-Help Groups. Identification and formulation of
agricultural investment projects. Practical training of project appraisal techniques. –
Undiscounted and Discounted Measures along with their limitations. Case Study Analysis of an
Agricultural project, Financial Risk and risk management strategies.

Suggested readings
1. S Subba Ready & P Raghu Ram. Agricultural Finance and Management. Oxford and IBH
Publishing Co Ltd.
2. E Die Sollem H and Heady EO. (Ed.). Capital and Credit Needs in Changing Agriculture,
Bauman.
3. Hopkins A Barry, Peter Jo and Baker CB. Financial Management in Agriculture.
4. Murray WG and Nelson AG. 1960. Agricultural Finance. Iowa State University
5. Chanona C. 1969. Agricultural Finance in India: Role of Commercial Banks. Marketing and
Economics Research Bureau, New Delhi.
6. Gittinger JP. 1972. Economic analysis of agricultural projects, John Hopkins Univ. Press,
Baltimore.
7. Little IMD and JA Mirrless. 1974, Project appraisal and planning for developing countries,
Oxford and IBH publishing Co. New Delhi.
8. Arnold CH. 1972. Project Evaluation, collected papers, Macmillan.

Course Outcome:
1. Define and explain the key issues of finance in agriculture.
2. Define and explain the key issues of finance in agriculture
3. Get knowledge about different techniques of assessing the worth of a project
4. Understand the performance of micro-financial institutions like NGO’s and self-help groups

31
 M.Sc. Ag. (Agricultural Economics) 2023-25

SEMESTER-III
STA-531:
Designs of Surveys
Time: 3 Hours Max. Marks: 100
Theory: 50
Practical: 25
Internal assessment: 25
Credit hours 3(2+1)
Instructions for the Paper Setters:
1. Question paper should be set strictly according to the syllabus.
2. The language of questions should be straight & simple.
3. In all nine questions should be asked, of which first question of 10 marks (Comprising of
10 short answer type questions covering the whole syllabus) will be compulsory.
4. Of the remaining eight questions, two questions should be asked from each section, of
which the candidates are required to attempt one question from each section. All
questions carry equal marks (15).
Course Objectives:
1. To familiarize with basic elementary concept of sampling
2. To understand the different forms of sampling techniques involved for analysis
3. To explore the different methods for calculation of various type of sampling

Theory
Section A: Importance of sample surveys, Census and Sample Survey, Principal steps in a
Sample Survey, Prerequisites in planning a Sample Survey, Designing of a survey, Preparation
of questionnaire, Sampling and Non- Sampling errors.
Section B: Probability and Non-Probability Sampling, Sampling from finite population: simple
random sampling with (SRSWR) and without replacement (SRSWOR); Determination of sample
size. Probability proportional to size sampling, Stratified sampling: cumulative cube root
method.
Section C: Systematic sampling; Linear systematic sampling, Circular systematic sampling,
Cluster sampling; estimation of mean/ total using simple random sampling, Multistage sampling;
estimation of mean/total PPSWR and SRSWOR.
Section D:
Ratio, product and regression method of estimation; Double sampling. Successive sampling,
Randomized response technique.

Practical:
Sample selection in various sampling schemes. Estimation of parameters in simple random
sampling. Probability proportional to size sampling. Stratified sampling. Systematic sampling.

32
 M.Sc. Ag. (Agricultural Economics) 2023-25

Cumulative cube root method. Multistage sampling. Ratio, product and regression method of
estimation. Double Sampling.

Suggested Reading:
1. Berger J.O. 1993. Statistical Decision Theory and Bayesian Analysis. Sringer.
2. Bolfarine H and Zacks S. 1992. Prediction Theory for Finite Population Sampling. Springer.
3. Cassel C.M., Sarndal C.E and Wretman J.H. 1977. Foundations of Inference in Survey
4. Sampling. John Wiley.
5. Des Raj and Chandhok P. 1998. Sample Survey Theory. Narosa Publ.
6. House. Ghosh M and Meeden G. 1997. Bayesian Method for Finite Population
7. Sampling. Monograph on Statistics and Applied Probability. Chapman and Hall.

Course Outcome:
1. It enables students to get acquainted with different types of sampling techniques
2. It helps students to understand the various method for estimation of sampling
3. It also helps the students in research work about choice of sampling

33
 M.Sc. Ag. (Agricultural Economics) 2023-25

SEMESTER-III
CREDIT SEMINAR
AEC-591
Credit points: 100
Credits hours: 1(1+0)

34
 M.Sc. Ag. (Agricultural Economics) 2023-25

SEMESTER-III
*PGS-531 Intellectual Property & its Management in Agriculture
Time: 3 Hours Credit hours: 1(1+0)
Max. Marks: 100
Theory: 100

Instructions for the Paper Setters:

1. Question paper should be set strictly according to the syllabus.
2. The language of questions should be straight & simple.
3. There will be total of five questions, out of which first question of 20 marks (Comprising of 10
short answer type questions of 2 marks each) covering the whole syllabus will be compulsory.
4. Out of remaining eight questions, two questions should be asked from each section, out of
which the candidates are required to attempt one question from each section. All question will
carry equal marks (20).
Course Objectives:
1. Equip students and stakeholders with knowledge of Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) related
protection systems, their significance and use of IPR as a tool for wealth and value creation in a
knowledge-based economy
Theory:

Section A: Historical perspectives and need for the introduction of Intellectual Property Right
regime; TRIPs and various provisions in TRIPS Agreement; Intellectual Property and
Intellectual Property Rights (IPR), benefits of securing IPRs.
Section B: Indian Legislations for the protection of various types of Intellectual Properties;
Fundamentals of patents, copyrights, geographical indications, designs and layout, trade secrets
and traditional knowledge, trademarks, protection of plant varieties and farmers’ rights and
biodiversity protection.
Section C: Protectable subject matters, protection in biotechnology, protection of other
biological materials, ownership and period of protection; National Biodiversity protection
initiatives; Convention on Biological Diversity.
Section D: International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture;
Licensing of technologies, Material transfer agreements, Research collaboration Agreement,
License Agreement.
Suggested Readings:
1. Erbisch FH and Maredia K.1998. Intellectual Property Rights in Agricultural Biotechnology.
CABI.
2. Ganguli P. 2001. Intellectual Property Rights: Unleashing Knowledge Economy. McGraw-
Hill.
3. Intellectual Property Rights: Key to New Wealth Generation. 2001. NRDC and Aesthetic
Technologies.

35
 M.Sc. Ag. (Agricultural Economics) 2023-25

4. Ministry of Agriculture, Government of India. 2004. State of Indian Farmer. Vol. V.

Technology Generation and IPR Issues. Academic Foundation.
5. Rothschild M and Scott N. (Ed.). 2003. Intellectual Property Rights in Animal Breeding and
Genetics. CABI.
6. Saha R. (Ed.). 2006. Intellectual Property Rights in NAM and Other Developing Countries: A
Compendium on Law and Policies. Daya Publ. House.
Course outcomes:
1. Use different tools of IPR for their rights.
2. They will be able to guide the innovative farmers regarding various IPR tools and their use
for protection of their rights.

36
 M.Sc. Ag. (Agricultural Economics) 2023-25

SEMESTER-III
AEC-599 *Masters’ Research
S/US
Credits hours: 10(0+10)

37
 M.Sc. Ag. (Agricultural Economics) 2023-25

SEMESTER-IV
AEC-541 Linear Programming
Time: 3 Hours Max. Marks: 100
Theory: 38
Practical: 37
Internal assessment: 25
Credit hours 2(1+1)
Instructions for the Paper Setters:

1.Question paper should be set strictly according to the syllabus.

2. The language of questions should be straight & simple.
3. There will be total of five questions, out of which first question of 10 marks (Comprising of 10
short answer type questions of 1 marks each) covering the whole syllabus will be compulsory.
4. Out of remaining eight questions, two questions should be asked from each section, out of
which the candidates are required to attempt one question from each section. All question will
carry equal marks (7).

Objectives:
1. To get familiarize with the mathematical formulation of a real-world problem.
2. To acquaint with the problem-solving techniques theoretically as well as graphically.
3. To tackle several parameters into account while dealing with the problem.
4. To make aware the students about the applications of various forms of Linear Programming.

Theory
Section A: Decision Making- Concepts of decision making, introduction to quantitative tools,
introduction to linear programming, uses of LP in different fields, graphic solution to problems,
formulation of problems.

Section B: Simplex Method: Concept of simplex Method, solving profit maximization and cost
minimizations problems. Formulation of farms and non-farm problems as linear programming
models and solutions.

Section C: Extension of Linear Programming models: Variable resource and price programming,
Transportation problems, recursive programming, dynamic programming.

Section D: Game Theory- Concepts of game theory, two-person constant sum, zero sum game,
saddle point, solution to mixed strategies, the rectangular game as Linear Programming.

38
 M.Sc. Ag. (Agricultural Economics) 2023-25

Practical
Graphical and algebraic formulation of linear programming models. Solving of maximization
and minimization problems by simplex method, Formulation of the simplex matrices for typical
farm situations.

Suggested readings
1. Saul I. Gass. Linear programming, Methods and Applications
2. Daniel Solow. Linear Programming: An Introduction to Finite Improvement Algorithms
3. Vasek Chvatal. Linear Programming
4. Robert J. Vanderbei. Linear Programming: Foundations and extensions

Course Outcomes:
1. Formulate a given simplified description of a suitable real-world problem as a linear
programming model in general, standard and canonical forms
2. Sketch a graphical representation of a two-dimensional linear programming model given
in general, standard or canonical form
3. Classify a two-dimensional linear programming model by the type of its solution
4. Solve a two-dimensional linear programming problem graphically
5. Use the simplex method to solve small linear programming models by hand, given a
basic feasible point.

39
 M.Sc. Ag. (Agricultural Economics) 2023-25

SEMESTER-IV
AEC-542 Indian Economy: History and Contemporary issues (Minor)
Time: 3 Hours Max. Marks: 100
Theory: 75
Internal assessment: 25
Credit hours 1(1+0)
Instructions for the papers Setters
1. Question paper should be set strictly according to the syllabus.
2. The language of questions should be straight & simple.
3. In all nine questions should be asked, of which first question of 15 marks (Comprising
of 10 short answer type questions covering 1.5 marks each of the whole syllabus) will be
compulsory.
4. Of the remaining eight questions, two questions should be asked from each section, of
which the candidates are required to attempt one question from each section. All
questions carry equal marks (15).

Objective:
1. To enable the students to grasp the current economic problems in India.
2. To highlight the important economic sectors and challenges faced by them in the
recent years.
3. To acquaint students with the major policy regimes of government to resolve
problems in agriculture, industry and service sector of India.
4. To enable students to understand the change in policy focus from central planning
to process of market integration of the Indian Economy with other markets in the
world.

Theory
Section –A An overview of the economic developments during the period 1947-1980;
Objectives and strategies of planned economic development and the role of the State; Sectoral
growth performance; savings and investment; Demographic trends and issues; education; health
and malnutrition; Trends and policies in poverty; inequality and unemployment.

Section-B: Policy Changes since 1980s. The 1990 Crisis. Causes and Effects of liberalization.
Regional differences: infrastructure, primary, secondary and tertiary sector.

Section-C Growth; Savings and Investment, Employment; productivity; diversification; Agro-

based industries; competition policy; foreign investment, regional differences.

Section-D Monetary and Financial trends- areas of government spending in India, Capital
expenditure, revenue expenditure, Deficits (fiscal, primary, revenue), impact of fiscal deficit on
economy, direct and indirect taxes, need to rationalize tax structure. Goods and Services Tax

40
 M.Sc. Ag. (Agricultural Economics) 2023-25

(GST), Zero base budgeting, Gender budgeting, Fiscal devolution and centre state financial
relations in India, Foreign Trade policy.

Suggested Reading
1. Dutt and Sundaram. Indian Economy
2. Ramesh Singh. Indian Economy
3. Nitin Singhania. Indian Economy.
4. AV Balakrishnan. Indian Economy: Developmental Perspective

Course Outcomes:
1. At end of this course Students will identify the current economic problems in India.
2. Students will identify the important economic sectors and challenges faced by them in the
recent years.
3. Students will learn the major policy regimes of government and also try to resolve
problems from agriculture, industry and service sector of India.
4. Students will understand the change in policy focus from central planning to process of
market integration of the Indian Economy with other markets in the world.

41
 M.Sc. Ag. (Agricultural Economics) 2023-25

SEMESTER-IV
PGS-541 Disaster Management
Time: 3 Hours Credit hours: 1(1+0)
Max. Marks: 100
Theory: 100
Instructions for the Paper Setters:
1.Question paper should be set strictly according to the syllabus.
2.The language of questions should be straight & simple.
3. There will be total of five questions, out of which first question of 20 marks (Comprising of 10
short answer type questions of 2 marks each) covering the whole syllabus will be compulsory.
4. Out of remaining eight questions, two questions should be asked from each section, out of
which the candidates are required to attempt one question from each section. All question will
carry equal marks (20).
Objectives
1. To provide basic conceptual understanding of disasters.
2. To understand approaches of Disaster Management
3. To build skills to respond to disaster

Section A: Hazards and Disasters, Risk and Vulnerability in Disasters, Natural and Man-made
disasters, earthquakes, floods drought, landside, land subsidence, cyclones, volcanoes, tsunami,
avalanches, global climate extremes. Man-made disasters: Terrorism, gas and radiations leaks,
toxic waste disposal, oil spills, forest fires.

Section B: Earthquakes and its types, magnitude and intensity, seismic zones of India, major
fault systems of India plate, flood types and its management, drought types and its management,
landside and its managements case studies of disasters in Sikkim (e.g) Earthquakes, Landside).
Social Economics and Environmental impact of disasters.

Section C: Basic principles of disasters management, Disaster Management cycle, Disaster

management policy. National and State Bodies for Disaster Management, Early Warming
Systems, building design and construction in highly seismic zones, retrofitting of buildings.

Section D: Training and drills for disaster preparedness, Awareness generation program, Usages
of GIS and Remote sensing techniques in disaster management, Mini project on disaster risk
assessment and preparedness for disasters with reference to disasters in Sikkim and its
surrounding areas.

Suggested readings:
1. Disaster Management Guidelines, GOI-UND Disaster Risk Program (2009-2012)

42
 M.Sc. Ag. (Agricultural Economics) 2023-25

2. Damon, P. Copola, (2006) Introduction to Intonational Disaster Management, Butterworth

Heineman.

3. Gupta A.K., Niar S.S and Chatterjee S. (2013) Disaster management and Risk Reduction, Role of
Environmental Knowledge, Narosa Publishing House, Delhi.

4. Murthy D.B.N. (2012) Disaster Management, Deep and Deep Publication PVT. Ltd. New Delhi

Course outcomes:
1. Understand the types of natural and man-made disasters.
2. They will know the management techniques in any natural or man-made disaster situation.
3. They will also get familiar with various kinds of government policies and programmes for
disaster prone and disaster effected places.

43
 M.Sc. Ag. (Agricultural Economics) 2023-25

SEMESTER-IV
*AEC-599 *Masters’ Research
S/US
Credits hours: 10(0+10)

44