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5.01 Coordinate Geometry

The document outlines key concepts related to Cartesian coordinates, including finding the gradient, length, and midpoint of a straight line, as well as determining the equations of lines in various forms. It includes a series of questions and problems for practice, focusing on gradients, distances, midpoints, and equations of lines that are parallel or perpendicular. The document serves as a study guide for IGCSE Cambridge (Extended) mathematics students.

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sureshbaukonni
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27 views8 pages

5.01 Coordinate Geometry

The document outlines key concepts related to Cartesian coordinates, including finding the gradient, length, and midpoint of a straight line, as well as determining the equations of lines in various forms. It includes a series of questions and problems for practice, focusing on gradients, distances, midpoints, and equations of lines that are parallel or perpendicular. The document serves as a study guide for IGCSE Cambridge (Extended) mathematics students.

Uploaded by

sureshbaukonni
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Class : IGCSE Cambridge (Extended) Date:.......................

…
Name: 5.01
Demonstrate familiarity with Cartesian coordinates in two dimensions. Find the gradient of a
straight line. Calculate the gradient of a straight line from the coordinates of two points on it.
Calculate the length and the coordinates of the midpoint of a straight line from the
coordinates of its end points. Interpret and obtain the equation of a straight line graph in the
form y = mx + c. Problems will involve finding the equation where the graph is given.
Determine the equation of a straight line parallel to a given line .Find the gradient of parallel
and perpendicular lines. find the equation of a line perpendicular to one passing through
the coordinates .

• Represent the following points on the Cartesian plane.

Mr.Suresh 00965 50968581 1


• Gradient : gradient of a line is a number that describes both the direction and the steepness
of the line.
y 2− y 1
The gradient of the line passing through ( x 1 , y 1) and ( x 2 , y 2) is m= .
x 2−x 1
Qn 1) Find the gradient of the line passing through the points (2,−3) and (−6,5)

Qn 2 ) Find the gradient of the line AB.

Mr.Suresh 00965 50968581 2


Qn 3) A line has gradient 5. M and N are two points on this line.
M is the point (x, 8) and N is the point (k, 23).
Find an expression for x in terms of k.

2 2
• Distance between the two points ( x 1 , y 1) and ( x 2 , y 2) is √(x −x ) +( y − y )
2 1 2 1 .

Qn 4) Find the distance between the points (3,−2) and (−3,5) .(2dp)

Qn 5) Find the length of the line joining the points A(−2, 10) and B(−8, 2).

Mr.Suresh 00965 50968581 3


x 1x 2 y 1 y 2
• Mid point of the line segment joining  x 1 , y 1 and  x 2, y 2  is  2
,
2  .

Qn 6) Find the co-ordinates of the mid-point of the line joining the points A(2, –5) and B(6, 9).

Qn 7) AB is a diameter of a circle with centre C .Where


A ( 5 , 3 ) and C (4, 6 ) ,Find the coordinates of B .

• The equation of a line with gradient m and y intercept c is y=m x+ c

Mr.Suresh 00965 50968581 4


• y coordinate of any point on the x axis is zero (d , 0)
• x coordinate of any point on the y axis is zero (0 , c)
Qn 8) . Find the y intercept and gradient of the line 3 x −2 y=8 .

Qn 9) Find the x intercept and y intercept of the line 5 x −3 y +7=0 .

Qn 10) The equation of a straight line can be written in the form 3 x+2 y – 8=0 .
(a) Rearrange this equation to make y the subject.

(b) Write down the gradient of the line.

(c) Write down the co-ordinates of the point where the line crosses the y axis.

• To find an equation of a line passing through ( x 1 , y 1 ) with gradient m , we can use the

formula y− y 1=m ( x−x 1 ) .

Qn 11) The points A(6,2) and B(8,5) lie on a straight line.


(a) Work out the gradient of this line.
(b) Work out the equation of the line, giving your answer in the form y=mx +c .

Mr.Suresh 00965 50968581 5


Qn 12) One of the lines in the diagram is labelled
y=mx +c .Find the values of m and c.

• If two lines are parallel , their gradients are equal


l 1 is a line with gradient m1 : l 1 : y=m1 x+ c 1
l 2 is a line with gradient m2 : l 2 : y =m2 x+ c 2
Then m1=m2 ⇔l 1∥l 2
Qn 13 ) Find the equation of a line parallel to 3 x+2 y−4=0 and passing through
the point ( 5, 2).

Mr.Suresh 00965 50968581 6


• If two lines are perpendicular , the product of their gradient is −1
l 1 is a line with gradient m1 : l 1 : y=m1 x+ c 1
l 2 is a line with gradient m2 : l 2 : y =m2 x+ c 2
Then m1×m2=−1 ⇔ l1 ⊥ l2
Qn 14)A is the point (2, 3) and B is the point (7, -5).
(a) Find the co-ordinates of the midpoint of AB.
(b)Find the equation of the line through A that is perpendicular to AB.
Give your answer in the form y=mx +c .

Mr.Suresh 00965 50968581 7


Qn 15)

The diagram shows the points C(–1, 2) and D(9, 7).


Find the equation of the line perpendicular to CD that passes through the point (1, 3).
Give your answer in the form y=mx +c .

Mr.Suresh 00965 50968581 8

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