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Coordinate Geometry Worksheet

The document provides objectives and examples for learning about coordinate geometry, including determining gradients, equations of lines, whether lines are parallel or perpendicular, length and midpoint of lines, and point of intersection of two lines. Examples include finding gradients, y-intercepts, x-intercepts, sketching graphs, calculating line lengths and midpoints, writing equations of lines, and determining if lines are parallel or perpendicular.

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Shnia Rodney
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392 views10 pages

Coordinate Geometry Worksheet

The document provides objectives and examples for learning about coordinate geometry, including determining gradients, equations of lines, whether lines are parallel or perpendicular, length and midpoint of lines, and point of intersection of two lines. Examples include finding gradients, y-intercepts, x-intercepts, sketching graphs, calculating line lengths and midpoints, writing equations of lines, and determining if lines are parallel or perpendicular.

Uploaded by

Shnia Rodney
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Accelerated Class

Coordinate Geometry

Name: ________________________ Date: __________

Objectives:
Determine the gradient of a line by a variety of methods
Determine the equation of a straight line
Determine whether lines are parallel or perpendicular using the gradients.
Calculate the length of a line and find the coordinates of the midpoint of straight
lines.
Determine the point of intersection of two lines.

Coordinate Geometry deals with straight lines. The general form of the equation of a straight line
(linear equation) is: y = mx + c; where m is the gradient and c is the y-intercept.

Note: the y-intercept (c) is where the line cuts the y-axis and the x- intercept can be found by letting y= 0 in the
equation and solve for x.

1. For each of the equations below, find the gradient, y-intercept and x-intercept.

(a) y = x + 2 (c) 2y = 6x – 24

(b) y = -2x + 6 (d) 6x + 3y = 9

(c) y – 8 = 2x (e) -3y = 2x + 3

Note: only two points are necessary to plot a straight line graph. Therefore, if both x and y intercepts are
known this would be enough to draw the graph.

2. Sketch the graph for:

(a) y = x + 2 (b) y = -2x + 6


Length of a Line Segment
 To find the length of a line segment we use the Pythagoras Theorem

Length of a line = √(𝒙₂ − 𝒙₁)² + (𝒚₂ − 𝒚₁)²

Questions:
1. Given that the line segment PQ has coordinates P(4, 2) and Q(-5, 6); calculate the length of
the line segment PQ

2. AB has coordinates (1, -3) and (4, 5) respectively. Calculate the length of the line segment.

3. The line segment XY has endpoints X (1, -4) and Y (-5, 3). Find the length of XY

Gradient or Slope of a line


 The gradient of a line is a measure of its steepness
 If two points on a line are known, then the gradient can be calculated using the formula:
𝒚₂ − 𝒚₁
𝒈𝒓𝒂𝒅𝒊𝒆𝒏𝒕 (𝒎) =
𝒙₂ − 𝒙₁
1. Given the line PQ has coordinates P (2, 5) and Q (-5, 3). Calculate the gradient of the line PQ

2. The line AB has coordinate A(-4, -5) and B(1, 0), find the gradient of the line AB

3. Given that the coordinates of R and S are -5, 3) and (1, 2) respectively. Find the gradient of
the line passing through R and S.
Midpoint of a Line Segment
 The coordinates of the midpoint of a line segment can be found using the formula:
𝒙₁ + 𝒙₂ 𝒚₁ + 𝒚₂
𝑴𝒊𝒅𝒑𝒐𝒊𝒏𝒕 = ( , )
𝟐 𝟐

1. The line segment AB has endpoints (2, 2) and (7, 4) respectively. Find the midpoint of AB

2. If point P is (-5, 4) and point Q is (3, -5) find the midpoint, M, of the line segment PQ

3. If CD has endpoints (2, 4) and (8, 6) respectively, find the midpoint of the line segment CD

Equation of a Straight Line


 Recall the general form of the equation of a straight line is: y = mx + c
Step 1: Find the gradient (m) of the line
Step 2: Find the value of the y-intercept (c) by substituting values of x, y and m
Step 3: Place the values calculated for m and c in the equation y = mx + c

Questions:
1. Given that P = (-4, -3) and Q = (2, 0), find the equation of the line PQ
2. Find the equation of the line that passes through the points:
(a) (4, -5) and (3, -7) (b) (-3, 6) and (5, -2)

3. Find the equations of the following line segments. NB: The y-intercept can be deduced from the graph
(a)

(b) B

Equation of a line segment given the gradient and a point


4. Determine the equation of the following line which passes through the point:

(a) (-3, 5) and has a gradient of – 4 (b) (4, 6) and has a gradient of 2

1
(c) (0, -2) and has a gradient of 3
Equations of Parallel Lines
 When two lines are parallel, they run in the same direction
 Parallel lines have the same gradient
Questions:
1. The equation of a line E is y = 3x + 1. Find the equation of the line parallel to E and passes
through the point D(6, 2)

2. Determine the equation of the line parallel to y =2x +3, and passes through the point (3, 5)

3. Find the equation of the line parallel to y=3x + 7 and passes through the point (-4, 5)

4. Given the equation y = 3x – 4, find the equation of the line parallel to it and passes through
the point (3, 2)

Equation of Perpendicular Lines


 Perpendicular lines meet at right angle
 Gradients of perpendicular lines are the negative reciprocal of each other i.e, the product
of their gradients is equal to –1
2 3 2 3
Example: 𝑎𝑛𝑑 − 2 ; the product of these two gradients = -1 × − 2 = −1
3 3

Questions:
1. Find the equation of a line perpendicular to y = 3x + 5 and passes through the point (6, 7)
2. Determine the equation of a line which is perpendicular to the line y=4x+5 and passes
through the point (1, -5)

1
3. Find the equation of a line perpendicular to the line 𝑦 = 3 𝑥 + 2 and passes through the point
(2, -1)

4. Find the equation of a line perpendicular to x + y = 3 and passes through the point (2, 1)

Equation of Perpendicular Bisector


 The perpendicular bisector passes through the midpoint of a line segment and form right angles with
the line segment.
 To find the equation of a perpendicular bisector:
Step 1: find the gradient of the original line
Step 2: find the gradient of the perpendicular line
Step 3: find the midpoint of the original line
Step 4: find the y-intercept of the perpendicular line using the midpoint coordinates
Step 5: substitute answers in the equation y = mx +c for the perpendicular line.

Questions:
1. The coordinates of A and B are (2, 1) and (4, 2) respectively. Find the equation of the
perpendicular bisector of AB.
2. The coordinate of P and Q are (-3, -5) and (4, 7) respectively. X is the midpoint of the
line segment PQ. Calculate:
(a) The gradient of PQ

(b) The coordinates of X

(c) Hence determine the perpendicular bisector of PQ

Mixed Practice Questions

1. A line JK has equation 2y = 5x + 6


(a) Determine the gradient of JK

Another line GH is perpendicular to JK and passes through the point (5, -1)

(b) State the gradient of the line GH ………………………………….

(c) Determine the equation of the line GH


2. The line segment AB has end points A (–1, 4) and B (3, 2). Determine :

(i) The gradient of AB

(ii) The length of the line AB

(iii) The coordinates of the midpoint of AB

(iv) The equation of the perpendicular bisector of AB


3. The diagram below shows the graph of a straight line x + y = 3

(i) State the coordinates of points A and B

…………………………………………………………………………..

(ii) Write down the gradient of the line x + y = 3

……………………………………………………………………………

(iii) Determine the equation of the line which is parallel to the line x + y = 3 and
passes through the origin

(iv) Determine the equation of the line which is perpendicular to the line x + y = 3 and
passes through the mid-point of AB
4. The line segment PQ has end points P (6, –1) and Q (2, 7). Determine :

(i) The gradient of PQ

(ii) The length of the line PQ

(iii) The coordinates of the midpoint of PQ

(iv) The equation of the perpendicular bisector of PQ

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