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Digital Image Classification

The document outlines the objectives and processes involved in digital image classification, focusing on both supervised and unsupervised methods using ERDAS IMAGINE software. It explains how image classification creates thematic maps from satellite imagery by categorizing pixels into land use/land cover classes. Additionally, it details the steps for performing unsupervised classification and the role of training areas in supervised classification.

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Dems Weldeyesus
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7 views4 pages

Digital Image Classification

The document outlines the objectives and processes involved in digital image classification, focusing on both supervised and unsupervised methods using ERDAS IMAGINE software. It explains how image classification creates thematic maps from satellite imagery by categorizing pixels into land use/land cover classes. Additionally, it details the steps for performing unsupervised classification and the role of training areas in supervised classification.

Uploaded by

Dems Weldeyesus
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Digital Image Classification

Objective

After you have completed this exercise, you will be able to:

 Explain concepts of digital image classifications.


 Apply both supervised and unsupervised digital image classifications using ERDAS
IMAGINE software.
 Compute the total area of each land use/land cover type based on each cover
classifications.

Introduction
What is digital image classification?
Image classification is the process of creating thematic maps from satellite imagery. A thematic
map is an information representation of an image that shows the spatial distribution of particular
theme. Remotely sensed data of the earth may be analyzed to extract useful thematic information
for different purposes. The overall objective of image classification procedures is to
automatically categorize all pixels in an image into land use / land cover classes or themes. Two
types of digital image classification are possible based on the methods used.
 Unsupervised Image Classification
Unlike to supervised classification, unsupervised image classification does not utilized training
data (area) as the bases for classification. Unsupervised classification is the inverse of supervised
image classification process. Spectral classes are grouped first, based solely on the numerical
information in the data, and is then matched by the analyst to information classes (if possible).
Programs, called clustering algorithms, are used to determine the natural (statistical) groupings
or structures in the data. Usually, the analyst specifies how many groups or clusters are to be
looked for in the data. In addition to specifying the desired number of classes, the analyst may
also specify parameters related to the separation distance among the clusters and the variation
within each cluster. The final result of this iterative clustering process may result in some
clusters that the analyst will want to subsequently combine, or clusters that should be broken
down further - each of these requiring a further application of the clustering algorithm.
Steps
Choose the menu Raster/ unsupervised/ Unsupervised classification. Choose file
p170r52_19860103_multi.tif. Define an output image and signature file. Number of classes 7

Choose color scheme options. Set Approx. True color.


Open your result and see the attribute from Raster/ Attribute
The output file is a thematic layer. You can define different colors for each class in the raster
attribute editor.
Supervised Image Classification
In a supervised classification, the analyst identifies in the imagery homogeneous representative
samples of the different cover types (information classes) of interest. These samples referred to
as training areas. The selection of appropriate training areas is based on the analyst familiarity
with the geographical area and his knowledge of the actual surface cover types present in the
images. Thus, the analyst is supervised ‘the categorization of a set of specific classes. The
numerical information in all spectral bands for the pixels comprising these areas is used to train‘
the computer to recognize specifically similar areas for each class. Once the computer has
determined the signatures for each class, each pixel in the image is compared to these signatures
and labeled as the class it most closely‘resembles‘digitally. Thus, in a supervised classification
we are first identify the information classes which are then used to determine the spectral classes
which represent them

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