TRIGONOMETRY

1. If cos⁡ θ + sin⁡ θ = √2cos⁡ θ, then cos⁡ θ − sin⁡ θ is equal to

(A) √2sin⁡ θ (B) 2sin⁡ θ (C) √2cos⁡ θ (D) 2cos⁡ θ
2sin⁡ α 1−cos⁡ α+sin⁡ α
2. If = y, then is equal to
1+cos⁡ α+sin⁡ α 1+sin⁡ α

(A) 1/y (B) y (C) 1 − y (D) 1 + y.

3. If 2sin⁡ θ + 3cos⁡ θ = 2√2, then |3sin⁡ θ − 2cos⁡ θ| is equal to
(A) 2 (B) 2√2 (C) √5 (D) 2√5
a3 −a5 a5 −a7
4. For 0 < θ < π/2, let an = sinn ⁡ θ + cos n⁡ θ, then − is equal to
a1 a3

(A) 0 (B) -1 (C) 1 (D) 2

π cos⁡ α sin⁡ α
5. Suppose 0 < α, β < . Let = a, = b then sin2 ⁡ β is equal to
2 cos⁡ β sin⁡ β

1 1−a2 1−a2 1−b2

(A) (B) (C) (D)
b2 −a2 a2 +b2 b2 −a2 a2 +b2
π π
6. Let − < θ < − . Suppose α1 and β1 are the roots of the equation x 2 − 2xsec⁡ θ +
6 12

1 = 0 and α2 , β2 are the roots of the equation x 2 + 2xtan⁡ θ − 1 = 0. If α1 > β1 and

α2 > β2 , then α1 + β2 equals
(A) 2(sec⁡ θ − tan⁡ θ) (B) 2sec⁡ θ
(C) −2tan⁡ θ (D) 0
7. Let α = π/12, and E = (1 + cos⁡ α)(1 + cos⁡(3α)) (1 + cos⁡(5α))(1 + cos⁡(7α))(1 +
cos⁡(9α))(1 + cos⁡(11α)) Then E is equal to
(A) 1/8 (B) 1/16 (C) 1/32 (D) 1/64
π 3π 7π 9π
8. Let a = (1 + cos⁡ ) (1 + cos⁡ ) (1 + cos⁡ ) (1 + cos⁡ ) and b =
10 10 10 10
π 3π 5π 7π
(1 + cos⁡ ) (1 + cos⁡ ) (1 + cos⁡ ) (1 + cos⁡ ) then
8 8 8 8

(A) a = b (B) 2a = b (C) a = 2b (D) a + b = 3

9. cos 6⁡(π/8) + cos 6⁡(3π/8) + cos 6⁡(5π/8) + cos 6 ⁡(7π/8) is equal to
3 5 7 9
(A) (B) (C) (D)
4 4 4 4
π 7π 5π 6π
10. tan⁡ ( ) + tan⁡ ( ) − tan⁡ ( ) − tan⁡ ( ) is equal to
18 18 18 18

(A) -1 (B) 1 (C) 0 (D) √3

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 TRIGONOMETRY
11. If cos⁡(θ − α) = a and sin⁡(θ − β) = b (0 < θ − α, θ − β < π/2), then
cos 2⁡(α − β) + 2absin⁡(α − β) is equal to
(A) 4a2 b2 (B) a2 − b2 (C) a2 + b2 (D) −a2 b2 .
12. If sin⁡ α + sin⁡ β + sin⁡ γ = cos⁡ α + cos⁡ β + cos⁡ γ = 0, then cos⁡(α − β) is equal to
1 √3 1 √3
(A) − (B) − (C) (D)
2 2 2 2
1 1 1
13. + + ⋯+ is equal to
sin⁡ 45∘ sin⁡ 46∘ sin⁡ 47∘ sin⁡ 48∘ sin⁡(133∘ )sin⁡(134 ∘ )

(A) cot⁡ 1∘ (B) tan⁡ 1∘ (C) cosec⁡ 1∘ (D) sec⁡ 1∘

14. If θ ∈ (π/2,3π/2), then √4cos 4⁡ θ + sin2 ⁡(2θ) + 4cot⁡ θcos 2⁡(θ/2 − π/4) is equal to
(A) −2cot⁡ θ (B) 2cot⁡ θ (C) 2cos⁡ θ (D) −2cos⁡ θ
sin2 ⁡ x cos2 ⁡ x k
15. If + =2+ then k is equal to
1+sin2 ⁡ x 1+cos2 ⁡ x cos⁡(4x)−17

(A) 12 (B) 15 (C) 20 (D) 24

π
16. Let f(θ) = cos 3⁡ θ + cos 3 ⁡(2π/3 + θ) + cos 3⁡(4π/3 + θ) then f ( ) is equal to
9
3 3 3
(A) (B) (C) (D) 0
8 4 2
cos⁡ 6x+6cos⁡ 4x+15cos⁡ 2x+10
17. The expression is equal to
cos⁡ 5x+5cos⁡ 3x+10cos⁡ x

(A) cos⁡ 2x (B) 2cos⁡ x (C) cos 2⁡ x (D) 1 + cos⁡ x.

18. cot⁡ 70∘ + 4cos⁡ 70∘ is equal to
(A) sin⁡ 30∘ (B) cos⁡ 30∘ (C) cot⁡ 30∘ (D) tan⁡ 30∘
19. If sin4 ⁡ xcos⁡ 3x = ∑nk=0 ak cos⁡(kx), then a3 is equal to
3 3 3 3
(A) − (B) (C) − (D)
8 8 16 16
cos2 ⁡ 32∘ −cos2 ⁡ 58∘
20. is equal to
sin⁡ 19∘ −cos⁡ 19∘
1 1
(A) − (B) − (C) 0 (D) 1
2 √2

21. Suppose y ≠ kπ/2, k ∈ 𝐙.

If sin⁡(x − 2y), sin⁡ x, sin⁡(x + 2y) are in H.P.,
then |sin⁡ xsec⁡ y| is equal to
(A) -1 (B) √3 (C) √2 (D) 2√2
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 TRIGONOMETRY
22. sin⁡ 47∘ + sin⁡ 61∘ − sin⁡ 11∘ − sin⁡ 25∘ is equal to
(A) cos⁡ 7∘ (B) sin⁡ 7∘ (C) cos⁡ 11∘ (D) sin⁡ 11∘
23. Let α = π/10, then sin⁡ αsin⁡(3α) is equal to
1 1 √5 √5
(A) (B) (C) (D)
2 4 4 2

24. Let θ = π/5, then cos⁡ θcos⁡(2θ)cos⁡(4θ)cos⁡(8θ) is equal to

1 1 1 1
(A) − (B) − (C) (D)
8 16 8 16
2π 4π 6π
25. cos⁡ ( ) + cos⁡ ( ) + cos⁡ ( ) is equal to
7 7 7

(A) 1/2 (B) −1/2 (C) −1/8 (D) 1/8

26. Given θ ∈ (0, π/4) and t1 = (tan⁡ θ)tan⁡ θ , t 2 = (tan⁡ θ)cot⁡ θ , t 3 = (cot⁡ θ)tan⁡ θ and
t 4 = (cot⁡ θ)cot⁡ θ then
(A) t1 > t 2 > t 3 > t 4 (B) t 4 > t 3 > t1 > t 2
(C) t 3 > t1 > t 2 > t 4 (D) t 2 > t 3 > t1 > t 4
27. If 3π/4 < α < π, then √cosec 2 ⁡ α + 2cot⁡ α is equal to
(A) −(1 + cot⁡ α) (B) 1 + cot⁡ α
(C) 1 − cot⁡ α (D) −1 + cot⁡ α
28. Suppose 0 < θ, ϕ < π/2 and tan⁡ θ = 5tan⁡ ϕ, then the maximum value of
tan2 ⁡(θ − ϕ) is
(A) 5/4 (B) 4/5 (C) 2/3 (D) 3/2

29. Let fn (x) = log⁡ [√esin⁡ x √e3sin⁡ x √e5sin⁡ x … √e(2n−1)sin⁡ x ] then

π
(A) f11 (π/2) = 0 (B) f ( ) = 0
4
π 367
(C) fn (x) = 0⁡∀x ∈ R (D) f7 ( ) =
2 128

√1−x20
1
30. If xn+1 = √ (1 + xn ), then cos⁡ [ ] (−1 < x0 < 1) is equal to
2 x1 x2 x3 … to infinite

(A) -1 (B) 1 (C) x0 (D) 1/x0

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 TRIGONOMETRY

31. If |cos 2⁡ x + 17 − x 2 | = |16 − x 2 | + 2cos 2⁡ x + sin2 ⁡ x, then x lies in the interval

(A) [−4,4] (B) [−√17, √17]
(C) [4, √17] (D) [−4, √17]
sin4 ⁡ θ cos4 ⁡ θ 1 sin8 ⁡ θ cos8 ⁡ θ
32. Suppose a, b > 0 and + = , then + is equal to
a b a+b a3 b3
1 a2 b2 a2 b2 2a2 b2
(A) (B) (C) (D)
(a+b)3 (a+b)3 (a+b)2 (a+b)3

33. cos⁡ 2α − 2sin2 ⁡ β − 4cos⁡(α + β)sin⁡ αsin⁡ β −cos⁡ 2(α + β) is independent of

(A) α (B) β (C) both α and β (D) none of these
sin⁡ θ sin⁡ 3θ sin⁡ 9θ 1
34. If + + = (tan⁡ x − tan⁡ θ) then the value of x is
cos⁡ 3θ cos⁡ 9θ cos⁡ 27θ 2
(A) 3θ (B) 6θ (C) 9θ (D) 27θ
35. If 0 < x < y < π/2, then
(A) x − cos⁡ x > y − cos⁡ y (B) x − cos⁡ x < y − cos⁡ y
(C) y − sin⁡ x < x − sin⁡ y (D) y − sin⁡ x > x − sin⁡ y
1 7π kπ 7π (k−1)π 1
36. Let α = ∑10
k=0 sec⁡ ( + ) sec⁡ ( + ), then reciprocal of − cosec −1⁡(α) is
8 12 2 12 2 π

37. If a2 − 2acos⁡ x + 1 = 674 and tan⁡(x/2) = 7 then the integral value of a is

38. Suppose f(θ) = cos 2⁡ θ + cos 2⁡(θ + 2π/3) + cos 2 ⁡(θ − 2π/3)
∀θ ∈ R
Let g: R → R be a function such that
x if x ≤ 0
g(x) = { then g(f(θ)) =
2x if x ≥ 0
39. Let f(θ) = sin⁡ θsin⁡(3θ)sin⁡(5θ)sin⁡(7θ)∀θ ∈ R
32x if 0 ≤ x ≤ 1/2
and g(x) = { 1 then g(f(10∘ )) = ______ .
48x − 16 if < x ≤ 1,
2
3π 8π 12π 6π
40. 2cos⁡ cos⁡ + cos⁡ + cos⁡ is equal to
17 17 17 17

41. For θ ∈ R, let

f(0) = cos 2⁡ θ + cos 2 ⁡(θ + π/6) + sin⁡ θsin⁡(θ + π/3) and g(θ) = π/2 + θ,
then f(g(θ)) + f(θ) is equal to

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 TRIGONOMETRY
42. If cos 2 ⁡ 42∘ + cos 2⁡ 51∘ + cos 2⁡ 69∘ + cos 2⁡ 78∘ = k + cos 2⁡ 81∘ +cos 2 ⁡ 72∘ , then k is
equal to
sin⁡ 2A+sin⁡ 2B+sin⁡ 2C A B C
43. If A + B + C = 180∘ , = ksin⁡ sin⁡ sin⁡
sin⁡ A+sin⁡ B+sin⁡ C 2 2 2

then the value of k3 − 8k2 + 1 is equal to

2⁡ x 2⁡ x
44. Let x ∈ R, then the least value of 16sin + 16cos is
1
45. Let M = the maximum value of , then 3M is equal to ______.
9sin2 ⁡ x+24sin⁡ xcos⁡ x+19cos2 ⁡ x

46. cot⁡(16∘ )cot⁡(44∘ ) + cot⁡(44∘ )cot⁡(76∘ ) − cot⁡(76∘ )cot⁡(16∘ ) is equal to

47. If 2sin⁡ x − cos⁡ 2x = 1, then cos 2⁡ x + cos 4⁡ x is equal to
48. If K = sin3 ⁡ 10∘ + sin3 ⁡ 50∘ − sin3 ⁡ 70∘, then 8K + 6 =
49. Let θ = 2π/7. Suppose x = cos⁡ θ + cos⁡(2θ) + cos⁡(4θ)
y = sin⁡ θ + sin⁡(2θ) + sin⁡(4θ), then x 2 + y 2 is equal to
sin2 ⁡ θ cos 2 ⁡ θ 1 + 4sin⁡ 4θ
50. Let f(θ) = | sin2 ⁡ θ 1 + cos 2 ⁡ θ 4sin⁡ 4θ | and the periods of f(θ) is T, then
1 + sin2 ⁡ θ cos 2 ⁡ θ 4sin⁡ 4θ
4
the value of × T is.
π

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 TRIGONOMETRY
ANSWERS
1. A 2. B 3. C 4. A 5. C 6. C 7. C 8. B 9. B 10. C
11. C 12. A 13. C 14. B 15. D 16. A 17. B 18. C 19. B 20. B
21. C 22. A 23. B 24. B 25. B 26. B 27. A 28. B 29. D 30. C
31. A 32. A 33. C 34. D 35. B 36. 6 37. 25 38. 3 39. 2 40. 0
41. 5 42. 1 43. 1 44. 8 45. 3 46. 3 47. 1 48. 3 49. 2 50. 2

SOLUTIONS
1. cos⁡ θ + sin⁡ θ = √2cos⁡ θ
⇒ sin⁡ θ = (√2 − 1)cos⁡ θ
sin⁡ θ (√2 − 1)(√2 + 1) 1
⇒ = √2 − 1 = =
cos⁡ θ √2 + 1 √2 + 1
⇒ (√2 + 1)sin⁡ θ = cos⁡ θ
⇒ √2sin⁡ θ = cos⁡ θ − sin⁡ θ
1−cos⁡ α+sin⁡ α
2.
1+sin⁡ α
1 − cos⁡ α + sin⁡ α 1 + cos⁡ α + sin⁡ α
= ⋅
1 + sin⁡ α 1 + cos⁡ α + sin⁡ α
(1 + sin⁡ α)2 − cos 2 ⁡ α
=
(1 + sin⁡ α)(1 + cos⁡ α + sin⁡ α)
1 + 2sin⁡ α + sin2 ⁡ α − 1 + sin2 ⁡ α
=
(1 + sin⁡ α)(1 + cos⁡ α + sin⁡ α)
2sin⁡ α(1 + sin⁡ α)
=
(1 + sin⁡ α)(1 + cos⁡ α + sin⁡ α)
2sin⁡ α
= =y
1 + cos⁡ α + sin⁡ α
3. (2√2)2 + (3sin⁡ θ − 2cos⁡ θ)2
= (2sin⁡ θ + 3cos⁡ θ)2 + (3sin⁡ θ + 2cos⁡ θ)2
⇒ 8 + (3sin⁡ θ − 2cos⁡ θ)2 = 4 + 9
⇒ |3sin⁡ θ − 2cos⁡ θ| = √5
1 sin3 ⁡ θ+cos3 ⁡ θ−sin5 ⁡ θ−cos5 ⁡ θ
4. (a3 − a5 ) =
a1 sin⁡ θ+cos⁡ θ

sin3 ⁡ θ(1 − sin2 ⁡ θ) + cos 3 ⁡ θ(1 − cos 2 ⁡ θ)

=
sin⁡ θ + cos⁡ θ

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 TRIGONOMETRY
sin ⁡ θcos ⁡ θ + cos ⁡ θsin2 ⁡ θ
3 2 3
=
sin⁡ θ + cos⁡ θ
sin2 ⁡ θcos 2 ⁡ θ(sin⁡ θ + cos⁡ θ)
=
sin⁡ θ + cos⁡ θ
= sin2 ⁡ θcos 2 ⁡ θ
1
Next, (a − a7 )
a3 5
1
= [sin5 ⁡ θ + cos 5 ⁡ θ − sin7 ⁡ θ − cos 7 ⁡ θ]
sin3 ⁡ θ + cos 3 ⁡ θ
1
= 3 3
[sin5 ⁡ θ(1 − sin2 ⁡ θ) + cos 5 ⁡ θ(1 − cos 2 ⁡ θ)]
sin ⁡ θ + cos ⁡ θ
1
= 3 3
[sin5 ⁡ θcos 2 ⁡ θ + cos 3 ⁡ θsin2 ⁡ θ]
sin ⁡ θ + cos ⁡ θ
sin2 ⁡ θcos 2 ⁡ θ
= 3 3
(sin3 ⁡ θ + cos 3 ⁡ θ)
sin ⁡ θ + cos ⁡ θ
= sin2 ⁡ θcos 2 ⁡ θ
1 1
Therefore, (a3 − a5 ) − (a5 − a7 ) = 0
a1 a3

5. cos⁡ α = acos⁡ β, sin⁡ α = bsin⁡ β

⇒ ⁡1 = cos 2 ⁡ α + sin2 ⁡ α = a2 cos 2 ⁡ β + b2 sin2 ⁡ β
⇒ ⁡ = a2 (1 − sin2 ⁡ β) + b2 sin2 ⁡ β
= a2 + (b2 − a2 )sin2 ⁡ β
1 − a2
⇒ sin2 ⁡ β =
b 2 − a2
2sec⁡ θ±√4sec2 ⁡ θ−4
6. α1 , β1 =
2

= sec⁡ θ ± tan⁡ θ
π π
As − < θ < − and α1 > β1
6 12

we get α1 = sec⁡ θ − tan⁡ θ

−2tan⁡ θ±√4tan2 ⁡ θ+4
Next, α2 , β2 =
2

= −tan⁡ θ ± sec⁡ θ
π π
As − < θ < − and α2 > β2
6 12

We get β2 = −tan⁡ θ − sec⁡ θ

So α1 + β2 = sec⁡ θ − tan⁡ θ − tan⁡ θ − sec⁡ θ = −2tan⁡ θ

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 TRIGONOMETRY
7. cos⁡(3α) = cos⁡(π/4) = 1/√2, cos⁡(9α) = cos⁡(3π/4) = −1/√2,
cos⁡(5α) = cos⁡(π/2 − α) = sin⁡ α,
cos⁡(7α) = cos⁡(π/2 + α) = −sin⁡ α and cos⁡(11α) = −cos⁡ α
Hence, E = (1 + cos⁡ α)(1 − cos⁡ α)(1 + 1/√2)(1 − 1/√2)
(1 + sin⁡ α)(1 − sin⁡ α)
= (cos 2 ⁡ αsin2 ⁡ α)(1 − 1/2)
1 2 1 π 2 1
sin ⁡ 2α = (sin⁡ ) =
8 8 6 32
π 3π 3π
8. a = (1 + cos⁡ ) (1 + cos⁡ ) (1 + cos⁡ (π − ))
10 10 10

π
(1 + cos⁡ (π − ))
10
π 3π 3π π
= (1 + cos⁡ ) (1 + cos⁡ ) (1 − cos⁡ ) (1 − cos⁡ ))
10 10 10 10
π 3π
= (1 − cos 2 ⁡ ) (1 − cos 2 ⁡ )
10 10
2 2
π 3π √5 − 1 √5 + 1 1
= sin ⁡ sin2 ⁡
2
=( ) ( ) =
10 10 4 4 16
Similarly, b = 1/8.
Hence, b = 2a.
9. Using cos⁡(3π/8) ⁡ = cos⁡(π/2 − π/8) = sin⁡(π/8)
cos⁡(5π/8) ⁡ = cos⁡(π/2 + π/8) = −sin⁡(π/8)
and cos⁡(7π/8) ⁡ = cos⁡(π − π/8) = −cos⁡(π/8),
the given expression becomes
2(sin6 ⁡ α + cos 6 ⁡ α) where α = π/8
= 2[(sin2 ⁡ α + cos 2 ⁡ α)3 − 3sin2 ⁡ αcos 2 ⁡ α(sin2 ⁡ α + cos 2 ⁡ α)]
3
= 2 [1 − (2sin⁡ αcos⁡ α)2 ]
4
3 π 3 1 5
= 2 [1 − sin2 ⁡ ] = 2 [1 − ( )] =
4 4 4 2 4
10. tan⁡(π/18) + tan⁡(7π/18)
= tan⁡(10∘ ) + tan⁡(70∘ )
sin⁡ 80∘ cos⁡ 10∘ 1 1
= = = =
cos⁡ 10∘ cos⁡ 70∘ cos⁡ 10∘ cos⁡ 70∘ cos⁡ 70∘ sin⁡ 20∘
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 TRIGONOMETRY
Also, tan⁡(5π/18) + tan⁡(6π/18)
= tan⁡(50∘ ) + tan⁡ 60∘
sin⁡(110∘ ) 2cos⁡ 20∘ 1
= = =
cos⁡ 50∘ cos⁡ 60∘ sin⁡ 40∘ sin⁡ 20∘
11. We have
sin(α − β) = sin(α − θ + θ − β)
= sin[(θ − β) − (θ − α)]
= sin(θ − β) cos(θ − α) − cos(θ − β)
sin(θ − α)

= ba − √1 − b 2 √1 − a2
and cos(α − β) = cos[(θ − β) − (θ − α)]
= cos(θ − β) cos(θ − α) + sin(θ − β) sin(θ − α)

= a√1 − b 2 + b√1 − a2
Substituting these values in the given expression, we get
cos 2 (α − β) + 2ab sin(α − β)
2
= (a√1 − b 2 + b√1 − a2 ) + 2ab [ab − √(1 − a2 )√(1 − b 2 )]

= a2 (1 − b2 ) + b2 (1 − a2 ) + 2ab√(1 − a2 )√(1 − b 2 )

+2a2 b2 − 2ab√(1 − a2 )√(1 − b 2 ) = a2 + b2 .

12. sin⁡ α + sin⁡ β = −sin⁡ γ
cos⁡ α + cos⁡ β = −cos⁡ γ
Squaring and adding we get
(sin⁡ α + sin⁡ β)2 + (cos⁡ α + cos⁡ β)2
= (−sin⁡ γ)2 + (−cos⁡ γ)2
⇒ ⁡2 + 2cos⁡(α − β) = 1
⇒ ⁡cos⁡(α − β) = −1/2
13. sin⁡ 1∘ = sin⁡[(x + 1)∘ − x ∘ ]
= sin⁡(x + 1)∘ cos⁡ x ∘ − cos⁡(x + 1)∘ sin⁡ x ∘
sin⁡ 1∘
⇒ ∘ ∘
= cot⁡ x ∘ − cot⁡(x + 1)∘
sin⁡ x sin⁡(x + 1)
sin⁡ 1∘
Therefore, = cot⁡(45∘ ) − cot⁡(46∘ )
sin⁡ 45∘ sin⁡ 46∘

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 TRIGONOMETRY
sin⁡ 1∘
= cot⁡(47∘ ) − cot⁡(48∘ )
sin⁡ 47∘ sin⁡ 48∘
sin⁡ 1∘
= cot⁡(49∘ ) − cot⁡(50∘ )
sin⁡ 49∘ sin⁡ 50∘
⋮⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡
sin⁡ 1∘
= cot⁡(133∘ ) − cot⁡(134∘ )
sin⁡(133∘ )sin⁡(134∘ )
Adding above we get
1 1 1
sin⁡ 1∘ [ + + ⋯ + ]
sin⁡ 45∘ sin⁡ 46∘ sin⁡ 47∘ sin⁡ 48∘ sin⁡ 133∘ sin⁡ 134∘
= 1 − (cot⁡ 46∘ + cot⁡ 134∘ ) + (cot⁡ 47∘ + cot⁡ 133∘ ) − ⋯ + (cot⁡ 89∘ + cot⁡ 91∘ )
− cot⁡ 90∘
Since, cot⁡ θ∘ = −cot⁡(180∘ − θ∘ ), and cot⁡ 90∘ = 0, we get
1 1
+
sin⁡ 45∘ sin⁡ 46∘ sin⁡ 47∘ sin⁡ 48∘
1 1
+⋯+ = = cosec⁡ 1∘
sin⁡ 133∘ sin⁡ 134∘ sin⁡ 1∘
14. 4cos 4 ⁡ θ + sin2 ⁡(2θ)
= 4cos 4 ⁡ θ + 4cos 2 ⁡ θsin2 ⁡ θ
= 4cos 2 ⁡ θ(cos 2 ⁡ θ + sin2 ⁡ θ)

= 4cos 2 ⁡ θ ⇒ ⁡√4cos 4 ⁡ θ + sin2 ⁡(2θ) = 2|cos⁡ θ| = −2cos⁡ θ

[∵ θ ∈ (π/2,3π/2)]
Next, 4cot⁡ θcos 2 ⁡(θ/2 − π/4)
= (2cot⁡ θ)[1 + cos⁡(θ − π/2)]
= 2cot⁡ θ[1 + sin⁡ θ] = 2cot⁡ θ + 2cos⁡ θ
Thus, √4cos 4 ⁡ θ + sin2 ⁡(2θ) + 4cot⁡ θcos 2 ⁡(θ/2 − π/4)
= −2cos⁡ θ + 2cot⁡ θ + 2cos⁡ θ = 2cot⁡ θ
sin2 ⁡ x cos2 ⁡ x 1−cos⁡(2x) 1+cos⁡(2x)
15. + = +
1+sin2 ⁡ x 1+cos2 ⁡ x 3−cos⁡(2x) 3+cos⁡(2x)

2[3 − cos 2 ⁡ 2x] 2[6 − (1 + cos⁡ 4x)]

= =
9 − cos 2 ⁡(2x) 18 − (1 + cos⁡ 4x)
10 − 2cos⁡(4x) −24 + 2(17 − cos⁡ 4x)
= =
17 − cos⁡ 4x 17 − cos⁡ 4x
24 24
=2− =2+
17 − cos⁡ 4x cos⁡ 4x − 17
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 TRIGONOMETRY
3 1
16. Using cos ⁡ θ = (cos⁡(3θ) + 3cos⁡ θ) we can write
4
1
f(θ) = ⁡ [cos⁡ 3θ + cos⁡(2π + 3θ) + cos⁡(4π + 3θ)]
4
3
+ [cos⁡ θ + cos⁡(2π/3 + θ) + cos⁡(4π/3 + θ)]
4
3 3
= cos⁡(3θ) + [cos⁡ θ + 2cos⁡(π + θ)cos⁡(π/3)]
4 4
3 3
= cos⁡(3θ) + [cos⁡ θ − (2cos⁡ θ)(1/2)]
4 4
3
= cos⁡(3θ)
4
π 3 π 3
Therefore, f ( ) = cos⁡ ( ) =
9 4 3 8

17. The given expression can be written as

(cos⁡ 6x + cos⁡ 4x) + 5(cos⁡ 4x + cos⁡ 2x) + 10(cos⁡ 2x + 1)
cos⁡ 5x + 5cos⁡ 3x + 10cos⁡ x
2cos⁡ 5xcos⁡ x + 5 ⋅ 2cos⁡ 3xcos⁡ x + 10 ⋅ 2cos 2 ⁡ x
=
cos⁡ 5x + 5cos⁡ 3x + 10cos⁡ x
2cos⁡ x(cos⁡ 5x + 5cos⁡ 3x + 10cos⁡ x)
= = 2cos⁡ x.
cos⁡ 5x + 5cos⁡ 3x + 10cos⁡ x
cos⁡ 70∘
18. . cot⁡ 70∘ + 4cos⁡ 70∘ = + 4cos⁡ 70∘
sin⁡ 70∘
cos⁡ 70∘ + 4sin⁡ 70∘ cos⁡ 70 ∘
cos⁡ 70∘ + 2sin⁡ 140∘
= =
sin⁡ 70∘ sin⁡ 70∘
sin⁡ 20∘ + sin⁡ 40∘ + sin⁡ 40∘
= ⁡[∵ 140∘ = 180∘ − 40∘ ]
sin⁡ 70∘
2sin⁡ 30∘ cos⁡ 10∘ + sin⁡ 40∘ sin⁡ 80∘ + sin⁡ 40∘
= =
sin⁡ 70∘ sin⁡ 70∘
2sin⁡ 60∘ cos⁡ 20∘
= ∘
= √3 = cot⁡ 30∘
cos⁡ 20
1
19. sin4 ⁡ xcos⁡ 3x = (2sin2 ⁡ x)2 cos⁡(3x)
4
1
= (1 − cos⁡ 2x)2 cos⁡(3x)
4
1
= [1 − 2cos⁡ 2x + cos 2 ⁡ 2x]cos⁡(3x)
4
1 1
= cos⁡ 3x − (cos⁡ 5x + cos⁡ x)
4 4

11
 TRIGONOMETRY
3 1 1 1
= cos⁡(3x) − cos⁡(5x) − cos⁡ x + (cos⁡ 7x + cos⁡ x)
8 4 4 16
1 1 3 3
= cos⁡(7x) − cos⁡(5x) + cos⁡(3x) − cos⁡(x)
16 4 8 16
20. cos 2 32∘ − cos 2 58∘ = sin2 58∘ − sin2 32∘
= sin 90∘ sin 26∘ = sin 26∘
and sin 19∘ − cos 19∘
= −2 cos 45∘ cos 64∘
= −√2sin⁡ 26∘
2sin⁡(x−2y)sin⁡(x+2y)
21. sin⁡ x =
sin⁡(x−2y)+sin⁡(x+2y)

2(sin2 ⁡ x − sin2 ⁡ 2y)

=
2sin⁡ xcos⁡(2y)
⇒ ⁡sin2 ⁡ xcos⁡(2y) = sin2 ⁡ x − sin2 ⁡ 2y
⇒ ⁡sin2 ⁡(2y) = sin2 ⁡ x(1 − cos⁡(2y))
⇒ ⁡1 − cos 2 ⁡(2y) = (sin2 ⁡ x)(1 − cos⁡(2y))
⇒ ⁡1 + cos⁡(2y) = sin2 ⁡ x
⇒ ⁡2cos 2 ⁡ y = sin2 ⁡ x
⇒ ⁡|sin⁡ xsec⁡ y| = √2
22. sin⁡ 47∘ + sin⁡ 61∘ − (sin⁡ 11∘ + sin⁡ 25∘ )
= 2sin⁡ 54∘ cos⁡ 7∘ − 2sin⁡ 18∘ cos⁡ 7∘
= 2cos⁡ 7∘ (sin⁡ 54∘ − sin⁡ 18∘ )
1 1
= 2cos⁡ 7∘ [ (√5 + 1) − (√5 − 1)] = cos⁡ 7∘
4 4
1
23. sin α sin 3α = [cos(3α − α) − cos(3α + α)]
2
1
= [cos(2α) − cos(4α)]
2
1
= [cos(36∘ ) − cos(72∘ )]
2
1
= [cos(36∘ ) − cos(18∘ )]
2
1 √5 + 1 √5 − 1 1
= [ − ]=
2 4 4 4

12
 TRIGONOMETRY
24. Let S = cos⁡ θcos⁡(2θ)cos⁡(4θ)cos⁡(8θ)
(2sin⁡ θ)(S) = (2sin⁡ θcos⁡ θ)cos⁡(2θ)cos⁡(4θ)cos⁡(8θ)
⇒ (4sin⁡ θ)(S) = (2sin⁡ 2θcos⁡ 2θ)cos⁡ 4θcos⁡(8θ)
⇒ ⁡(8sin⁡ θ)S = 2sin⁡(4θ)(cos⁡ 4θ)cos⁡ 8θ
⁡(16sin⁡ θ)S = 2sin⁡ 8θcos⁡ 8θ
1 sin⁡(16θ) 1 sin⁡(3π + θ)
⇒S= =
16 sin⁡ θ 16 sin⁡ θ
1
⁡=−
16
25. Let S = cos⁡(2π/7) + cos⁡(4π/7) + cos⁡(6π/7)
π π 2π
⇒ 2sin⁡ ( ) S = 2sin⁡ ( ) cos⁡ ( ) +
7 7 7
π 4π π 6π
2⁡sin⁡ ( ) cos⁡ ( ) + 2sin⁡ ( ) cos⁡ ( )
7 7 7 7
3π π 5π 3π 7π 5π
= sin⁡ ( ) − sin⁡ ( ) + sin⁡ ( ) − sin⁡ ( ) + sin⁡ ( ) − sin⁡ ( )
7 7 7 7 7 7
= sin⁡ π − sin⁡(π/7)⁡
= −sin⁡(π/7) [∵ sin⁡ π = 0]
1
S=−
2
26. ⁡θ ∈ (0, π/4)
0 < tan⁡ θ < 1 and cot⁡ θ > 1 ⇒ log⁡ cot⁡ θ > 0
Now t1 = (tan⁡ θ)tan⁡ θ ⇒ log⁡ t1 = tan⁡ θlog⁡(tan⁡ θ)
1
⇒ log⁡ t1 = tan⁡ θlog⁡ = tan⁡ θ[log⁡ 1 − log⁡(cot⁡ θ)]
cot⁡ θ
= −tan⁡ θlog⁡(cot⁡ θ)
Similarly log⁡ t 2 = −cot⁡ θlog⁡(cot⁡ θ)
log⁡ t 3 = tan⁡ θlog⁡(cot⁡ θ), log⁡ t 4 = cot⁡ θlog⁡(cot⁡ θ)
As cot⁡ θ > tan⁡ θ, we have
log⁡ t 4 ⁡ > log⁡ t 3 > log⁡ t1 > log⁡ t 2 ⇒ ⁡t 4 ⁡ > t 3 > t1 > t 2 .
π
Alternately θ ∈ (0, ) ⇒ 0 < tan⁡ θ < 1 ⇒ cot⁡ θ > 1
4
π
Alternately θ ∈ (0, ) ⇒ 0 < tan⁡ θ < 1 ⇒ cot⁡ θ > 1
4
1
Take tan⁡ θ = ⇒ cot⁡ θ = 2, and we get t 4 > t 3 > t1 > t 2
2
13
 TRIGONOMETRY
2
27. cosec ⁡ α + 2cot⁡ α
= 1 + cot 2 ⁡ α + 2cot⁡ α
= (1 + cot⁡ α)2
As 3π/4 < α < π, −∞ < cot⁡ α < −1
⇒ 1 + cot⁡ α < 0
Therefore, √cosec 2 ⁡ α + 2cot⁡ α = −(1 + cot⁡ α)
tan⁡ θ−tan⁡ ϕ 4tan⁡ ϕ
28. tan⁡(θ − ϕ) = =
1+tan⁡ θtan⁡ ϕ 1+5tan2 ⁡ ϕ

4
=
cot⁡ ϕ + 5tan⁡ ϕ
But, cot⁡ ϕ + 5tan⁡ ϕ ≥ 2√5√cot⁡ ϕtan⁡ ϕ
1
Equality when cot⁡ ϕ = 5tan⁡ ϕ or tan⁡ ϕ =
√5
⇒ cot⁡ ϕ + 5tan⁡ ϕ ≥ 2√5.
16 4
Therefore, tan2 ⁡(θ − ϕ) ≤ =
(4)(5) 5

Thus, the maximum possible value of tan2 ⁡(θ − ϕ) is 4/5.

29. √esin x √e3 sin x √e5 sin x … √e(2n−1) sin x

= eg(x) , where
1 3 5 2n − 1
g(x) = sin x + sin x sin x + ⋯ + sin x
2 4 8 2n
1 3 2n − 1
But + + ⋯ +
2 4 2n
1 2n − 1
= 3 − n−2 − ∀n ≥ 1
2 2n
2n+3
Thus, g(x) = (3 − ) sin x
2n

Hence, fn (x) = log(eg(x) )

2n + 3
= g(x) = (3 − ) sin x
2n
π 17 367
⇒ f7 ( ) = 3 − =
2 128 128

14
 TRIGONOMETRY
1
30. Solution: Let x0 = cos⁡ θ, then x1 = √ (1 + cos⁡ θ) = cos⁡ θ/2, x2 = cos⁡(θ/22 ), x3 =
2

cos⁡(θ/23 ), ⋯ and so on.

so that
√
[ ]
x1 x2 x3 … to infinite
sin⁡ θ
= θ θ θ
cos⁡ cos⁡ … cos⁡ … infinite
2 22 2n
θ θ
2sin⁡ cos⁡
2 2
= θ θ θ
cos⁡ cos⁡ … cos⁡ … infinite
2 22 2n
θ θ
22 sin⁡ cos⁡
22 22
= θ θ θ
cos⁡ cos⁡ … cos⁡ … infinite
22 23 2n
θ θ
22 sin⁡ cos⁡
22 22
= θ θ θ
cos⁡ cos⁡ … cos⁡ … infinite
22 23 2n
θ
2n sin⁡
2n
= limn→∞ θ
=θ
cos⁡
2n+1
θ
sin⁡ 1
2n
= limn→∞ θ ( θ
) θ
cos⁡
2n 2n+1

√1 − x02
so that [ ] = cos⁡ θ = x0 .
x1 x2 … inf.

31. |cos 2 ⁡ x + 17 − x 2 | = |16 − x 2 | + 2cos 2 ⁡ x + sin2 ⁡ x

⇒ |(cos 2 ⁡ x + 1) + (16 − x 2 )| = |16 − x 2 | + (cos 2 ⁡ x + 1)
We know |a + b| = |a| + |b| ⇔ ab ≥ 0
Therefore, (16 − x 2 )(cos 2 ⁡ x + 1) ≥ 0
⇔ 16 − x 2 ≥ 0 ⇔ x 2 ≤ 16
⇔ −4 ≤ x ≤ 4
a+b a+b
32. sin4 ⁡ θ + cos 4 ⁡ θ = 1
a b

b a
⇒ (1 + ) sin4 ⁡ θ + (1 + ) cos 4 ⁡ θ = (sin2 ⁡ θ + cos 2 ⁡ θ)2
a b

15
 TRIGONOMETRY
b a
⇒ sin4 ⁡ θ + sin4 ⁡ θ + cos 4 ⁡ θ + cos 4 ⁡ θ
a b
= sin4 ⁡ θ + 2sin2 ⁡ θcos 2 ⁡ θ + cos 4 ⁡ θ
2
b a
⇒ (√ sin2 ⁡ θ − √ cos 2 ⁡ θ) = 0
a b

b a
⇒ √ sin2 ⁡ θ = √ cos 2 ⁡ θ
a b

sin2 ⁡ θ cos 2 ⁡ θ
⇒ = =k
a b
⇒ sin2 ⁡ θ = ak, cos 2 ⁡ θ = bk
1
⇒ 1 = (a + b)k ⇒ k =
a+b
sin8 ⁡ θ cos8 ⁡ θ a4 k4 b4 k4
Now, + = + = (a + b)k 4
a3 b3 a3 b3
1
=
(a + b)3
33. Given expression can be writtenes
cos⁡ 2α − (1 − cos⁡ 2β) − 4cos⁡(α + β)sin⁡ αsin⁡ β
−cos⁡ 2(α + β)
= (cos⁡ 2α + cos⁡ 2β) − [1 + cos⁡ 2(α + β)]
−4cos⁡(α + β)sin⁡ αsin⁡ β
= 2cos⁡(α + β)cos⁡(α − β) − 2cos 2 ⁡(α + β)
−4cos⁡(α + β)sin⁡ αsin⁡ β
= 2cos⁡(α + β)[cos⁡(α − β) − cos⁡(α + β) − 2 sin α sin⁡ β]
= 2cos⁡(α + β)[2sin⁡ αsin⁡ β − 2sin⁡ αsin⁡ β] = 0
which is independent of both α and β
sin⁡ θ 1 2sin⁡ θcos⁡ θ 1 sin⁡ 2θ
34. = =
cos⁡ 3θ 2 cos⁡ 3θcos⁡ θ 2 cos⁡ 3θcos⁡ θ
1 sin⁡(3θ − θ) 1
= = (tan⁡ 3θ − tan⁡ θ)
2 cos⁡ 3θcos⁡ θ 2
sin⁡ 3θ 1 sin⁡ 9θ 1
Similarly = (tan⁡ 9θ − tan⁡ 3θ) and = (tan⁡ 27θ − tan⁡ 9θ)
cos⁡ 9θ 2 cos⁡ 27θ 2
1 1
so (tan⁡ x − tan⁡ θ) = (tan⁡ 27θ − tan⁡ θ) ⇒ x = 27θ
2 2
16
 TRIGONOMETRY
35. As cos⁡ x is a decreasing function on [0, π/2],0 < x < y < π/2 gives cos⁡ y < cos⁡ x
⇒ −cos⁡ x < −cos⁡ y
Therefore, x − cos⁡ x < y − cos⁡ y
1 sin⁡(π/2)
36. α = ∑10
k=0
8 cos⁡(7π/12+kπ/2)cos⁡(7π/12+(k−1)π/2)

sin⁡[(7π/12 + kπ/2) − (7π/12 + (k − 1)π/2)]

⇒ 8α = ∑10
k=0
cos⁡(7π/12 + kπ/2)cos⁡(7π/12 + (k − 1)π/2)
7π kπ 7π π
= ∑10
k=0 [tan⁡ ( + ) − tan⁡ ( + (k − 1) )]
12 2 12 2
7π 10π 7π π
= tan⁡ ( + ) − tan⁡ ( − )
12 2 12 2
7π 7π
= tan⁡ ( ) + cot⁡ ( )
12 12
tan2 ⁡(7π/12) + 1 1
= =2 = −4.
tan⁡(7π/12) sin⁡(7π/6)
1
⇒α=−
2
1 π
⇒ cosec −1 ⁡ α = cosec −1 ⁡ (− ) = −
2 6
1
Therefore, 1 π
=6
− (− )
π 6
1−tan2 ⁡(x/2) 1−49
37. 674 = a2 − 2a + 1 = a2 − 2a × +1
1+tan2 ⁡(x/2) 1+49

48
= a2 + 2a × +1
50
⇒ ⁡25a2 + 48a − 673 × 25 = 0
⇒ ⁡(a − 25)(25a + 673) = 0
⇒ ⁡a = 25⁡ (Taking the integral value of a ).
4π 4π
38. 2f(θ) = ⁡1 + cos(2θ) + 1 + cos (2θ + ) + 1 − cos (2θ − )
3 3

4π
= 3 + cos(2θ) + 2 cos(2θ) cos ( )
3
π
= 3 + cos(2θ) + 2 cos(2θ) (− cos ( )) = 3
3
3 3
⇒ ⁡f(θ) = ⇒ g(f(θ)) = g ( ) = 3
2 2
17
 TRIGONOMETRY
39. f(10∘ ) = sin⁡ 10∘ sin⁡(30∘ )sin⁡(50∘ )sin⁡(70∘ )
1
= cos⁡ 80∘ cos⁡ 40∘ cos⁡ 20∘
2
1
= (2sin⁡ 20∘ cos⁡ 20∘ )cos⁡ 40∘ cos⁡ 80∘
4sin⁡ 20∘
1
= (2sin⁡ 40∘ cos⁡ 40∘ )cos⁡ 80∘
2 × 4sin⁡ 20∘
1
= (2sin⁡ 80∘ cos⁡ 80∘ )
2 × 8sin⁡ 20∘
1 ∘
sin⁡(180∘ − 20∘ ) 1
= sin⁡ 160 = =
16sin⁡ 20∘ 16sin⁡ 20∘ 16
1 1
∴ ⁡g(f(10∘ )) = g ( ) = 32 ( ) = 2
16 16
3π 8π 12π 6π
40. 2cos⁡ cos⁡ + cos⁡ + cos⁡
17 17 17 17
3π 8π 9π 3π
= 2cos⁡ cos⁡ + 2cos⁡ cos⁡
17 17 17 17
3π 8π 8π
= 2cos⁡ ( ) [cos⁡ + cos⁡ (π − )]
17 17 17
3π 8π 8π
= 2cos⁡ ( ) [cos⁡ − cos⁡ ( )] = 0
17 17 17
π π π
41. 2f(θ) = ⁡ (1 + cos(2θ)) + (1 + cos (2θ + )) + [cos ( ) − cos (2θ + )]
3 3 3

1
f(θ) = (5 + 2 cos(2θ))
4
π
⇒ f(g(θ)) = ⁡f ( + θ)
2
1 1
= [5 + 2 cos(π + 2θ)] = [5 − 2cos⁡(2θ)]
4 4
Therefore, f(g(θ)) + f(θ) = 5
42. k = cos 2 ⁡ 42∘ + cos 2 ⁡ 51∘ − (cos 2 ⁡ 81∘ − cos 2 ⁡ 69∘ ) + cos 2 ⁡ 78∘ − cos 2 ⁡ 72∘
= 1 + (cos 2 ⁡ 51∘ − sin2 ⁡ 42∘ ) + sin⁡(150∘ )sin⁡ 12∘ − ⁡sin⁡(150∘ )sin⁡ 6∘
1
= 1 + cos⁡ 93∘ cos⁡ 9∘ + (sin⁡ 12∘ − sin⁡ 6∘ )
2
1
= 1 − sin⁡ 3∘ cos⁡ 9∘ + (2sin⁡(3∘ )cos⁡(9∘ ))
2
=1

18
 TRIGONOMETRY
43. From conditional identities we have
sin⁡ 2A + sin⁡ 2B + sin⁡ 2C 4sin⁡ Asin⁡ Bsin⁡ C
=
sin⁡ A + sin⁡ B + sin⁡ C 4cos⁡(A/2)cos⁡(B/2)cos⁡(C/2)
= 8sin⁡(A/2)sin⁡(B/2)sin⁡(C/2)
⇒ ⁡k = 8 and k 3 − 8k 2 + 1 = 1
2⁡ x 2⁡ x 2⁡ x 2⁡ x
44. 16sin + 16cos = 16sin + 161−sin
2⁡ x 2⁡ x
≥ 2√16sin ⋅ 161−sin =8
Equality when sin2 ⁡ x = cos 2 ⁡ x = 1/2
45. 9sin2 ⁡ x + 24sin⁡ xcos⁡ x + 19cos 2 ⁡ x
= 9(sin2 ⁡ x + cos 2 ⁡ x) + 12sin⁡ 2x + 5(cos⁡ 2x + 1)
= 9 + 12sin⁡ 2x + 5cos⁡ 2x + 5
= 14 + 12sin⁡ 2x + 5cos⁡ 2x

But − √122 + 52 ≤ 12sin⁡(2x) + 5cos⁡(2x) ≤ √122 + 52

⇒ 1 ≤ 14 + 12sin⁡(2x) + 5cos⁡(2x) ≤ 27
1 1
⇒ ≤ ≤1
27 9sin ⁡ x + 24sin⁡ xcos⁡ x + 19cos 2 ⁡ x
2

46. We have
cos⁡ θcos⁡ ϕ − sin⁡ θsin⁡ ϕ
cot⁡ θcot⁡ ϕ = +1
sin⁡ θsin⁡ ϕ
cos⁡(θ + ϕ)
= +1
sin⁡ θsin⁡ ϕ
cos⁡(θ − ϕ)
Similarly, cot⁡ θcot⁡ ϕ = −1
sin⁡ θsin⁡ ϕ
Therefore, cot⁡(16∘ )cot⁡(44∘ ) + cot⁡(44∘ )cot⁡(76∘ ) − cot⁡(76∘ )cot⁡(16∘ )
cos⁡(60∘ ) cos⁡(120∘ ) cos⁡ 60∘
= + − +3
sin⁡(16∘ )sin⁡(44∘ ) sin⁡(44∘ )sin⁡(76∘ ) sin⁡ 76∘ sin⁡ 16∘
1 sin⁡ 76∘ − sin⁡ 16∘ cos⁡ 60∘
= [ ]− +3
2 sin⁡(16∘ )sin⁡(44∘ )sin⁡(76∘ ) sin⁡ 76∘ sin⁡ 16∘
1 2cos⁡ 46∘ sin⁡ 30∘ 1
= − +3
2 sin⁡(16∘ )sin⁡(44∘ )sin⁡(76∘ ) 2sin⁡(76∘ )sin⁡(16∘ )
sin⁡ 44∘ 1
= − +3= 3
2sin⁡(16 )sin⁡(44 )sin⁡(76 ) 2sin⁡(76 )sin⁡(16∘ )
∘ ∘ ∘ ∘

19
 TRIGONOMETRY
47. We can write 2sin⁡ x − (1 − 2sin2 ⁡ x) = 1
⇒ 2sin⁡ x + 2sin2 ⁡ x − 2 = 0
⇒ sin2 ⁡ x + sin⁡ x − 1 = 0
−1 ± √5
⇒ ⁡sin⁡ x =
2
−1 ± √5
Consider sin⁡ x =
2
3 − √5 √5 − 1
⇒ sin2 ⁡ x = ⇒ cos 2 ⁡ x =
2 2
So that cos 2 ⁡ x + cos 4 ⁡ x
= cos 2 ⁡ x(1 + cos 2 ⁡ x)
√5 − 1 √5 + 1
= × = 1.
2 2
1
48. K = [(3sin⁡ 10∘ − sin⁡ 30∘ )
4

+(3sin⁡ 50∘ − sin⁡ 150∘ )⁡ − (3sin⁡ 70∘ − sin⁡ 210∘ )]

1 3
= [3(sin⁡ 10∘ + sin⁡ 50∘ − sin⁡ 70∘ ) − ]
4 2
1 3 3
= [3(sin⁡ 10∘ − 2cos⁡ 60∘ sin⁡ 10∘ ) − ] = −
4 2 8
⇒ ⁡8K + 6 = 3
2π 4π 6π
49. x 2 + y 2 = 3 + 2 [cos⁡ ( ) + cos⁡ ( ) + cos⁡ ( )] and
7 7 7

cos⁡(6π/7) = −cos⁡(π/7) = cos⁡(8π/7)

−1 0 1
50. f(θ) = | −1 1 0 |
2 2
1 + sin ⁡ θ cos ⁡ θ 4sin⁡ 4θ
(R1 → R1 − R 3 ; R 2 → R 2 − R 3 )
0 0 1
=| −1 1 0 |
2
1 + sin ⁡ θ + 4sin⁡ θ cos 2 ⁡ θ 4sin⁡ 4θ
(C1 → C1 + C2 )
= −(cos 2 ⁡ θ + 1 + sin2 ⁡ θ + 4sin⁡ 4θ) = −2(1 + 2sin⁡ 4θ)
2π π
which is a periodic function with period = =T
4 2
4 4 π
So × T = × = 2
π π 2
20