ENTERPRISE RESOURCE PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT Key Components of Go-Live Readiness

1. User Acceptance Testing (UAT)

- UAT is when actual users test the system to make
ERP sure it works for them.
- It's a type of software that helps businesses manage 2. Data Migration –
different tasks like accounting, inventory, human - Data migration means moving all the old information
resources, and more, all in one place (like customer records or financial data) into the new
ERP system
Why are operations important after implementing ERP? 3. System Configuration –
- System configuration is about setting up the system
- Once the ERP system is live, it's like turning on a new correctly.
machine. Operations ensure the system works - This involves customizing the software to fit the
properly, helps the business run smoothly, and company's needs
improves over time
Creating a Go-Live Checklist
The ERP Life Cycle
1. System Testing Completed: All tests must be finished, and
- shows the steps a company takes from planning to any problems fixed.
running an ERP system. 2. Data Ready: All the company’s data has been successfully
moved into the new system.
Key Phases of the ERP Life Cycle:
3. Employee Training Done: All users are trained and ready
1. Pre-Implementation – to use the system.
- This is the planning phase. The business figures out 4. Backup Plan in Place: There’s a backup plan for any
why they need ERP, chooses the software, and system failures or technical problems
prepares for changes.
Essential Items to Ensure a Smooth Transition
- choosing the right software, training employees, and
preparing data 1. Communication: Everyone in the company needs to
2. Go-Live know what’s happening and when Go-Live will take
- This is the big day! The system is switched on, and place.
everyone starts using it for their daily work. 2. Support Team on Standby: A team should be ready to
- The ERP system is now fully operational, and
assist with any issues that arise immediately after Go
employees begin using it in real-time.
Live.
3. Post-Implementation (Operations)
3. Monitoring the System: Keep a close eye on the system
- After Go-Live, the system needs to be managed and
for any issues that may pop up in the first few days
monitored. This is where operations come in making
sure it works properly, solving any issues, and helping Training is a crucial part of making sure employees know
employees get comfortable using it how to use the new ERP system properly.
Key Focus Areas in Post-Implementation: Types of Training Methods
1. System Maintenance: Regular checks and updates ensure 1. On-Site Training - This happens in person, at the
the system stays up to date and runs smoothly. workplace. Employees gather in a training room, and an
2. Support and Training: Helping employees learn how to instructor guides them through the system step by step.
use the system better keeps the business running • Advantages: Hands-on learning, immediate
efficiently. support from the instructor.
3. Continuous Improvement: Over time, the system can be • Disadvantages: Can be time-consuming and
improved to match business growth or new needs expensive.
Go-Live 2. Online Training - Training is done through virtual
- is the moment when the ERP system is officially platforms like Zoom or video tutorials. Employees can
access the training materials from anywhere.
switched on and used in real business operations. It’s
an exciting but challenging time • Advantages: Flexible, can be done at any time.
• Disadvantages: Less personal, technical issues
Final Preparations for Go-Live can occur
3. Hybrid Training A mix of on-site and online methods.
1. Testing the System - Before launching, the system needs Some sessions are in person, while others are done
to be thoroughly tested to ensure it works as expected. remotely.
2. Training Employees - People need to be comfortable • Advantages: Combines the strengths of both
using the new system, so training sessions are key. methods.
3. Backup Plans - Always have a backup plan in case • Disadvantages: Requires careful coordination
something goes wrong. This will help avoid major issues and planning
during Go-Live
Tailoring Training for Different Roles
1. Technical Users Example 1: Missing Customer Data
- These are the IT staff and system administrators. Issue: Some customer records are missing in the new
They need to understand the deeper, technical system.
aspects of the ERP system, such as troubleshooting, Solution: Use your issue tracker (Google Sheets or
system maintenance, and custom configurations. Excel) to log the problem, investigate why the data
• Training Focus: Advanced system features, back- didn’t transfer, and work with the technical team to
end operations, and problem solving. fix it
2. Functional Users
- These are the everyday employees like accountants, Example 2: Slow System Response
salespeople, and HR staff who will use the system for Issue: The system is taking too long to load pages.
their daily tasks. They don’t need deep technical Solution: Log the issue in the tracker, identify if it’s a
knowledge but must be comfortable with the parts of technical problem, and ask the IT team to optimize
the system they interact with. the system.
• Training Focus: Simple, easy-to-follow Example 3: Employee Confusion
instructions for their specific job functions Issue: Employees don’t know how to use certain
Best Practices for Creating Engaging Training Materials features of the ERP system. • Solution: Log the issue,
schedule a quick training session, and update
1. Make It Interactive - People learn best when they can training materials to cover any confusing areas.
actively participate. Create hands-on exercises, quizzes,
and real-world scenarios for users to practice with the Setting Up Post-Production Support
system. - Setting up a support system is essential to make sure
2. Use Clear, Simple Language - Avoid jargon or overly issues get resolved quickly and users feel confident
technical terms, especially for functional users. The using the system.
easier the training is to understand, the more effective it
will be. Building an Effective Support Structure
3. Provide Visuals - People remember images better than 1. Helpdesks - A helpdesk is the first point of contact for
text alone. Use screenshots, videos, and flowcharts to users who have problems. They can call or email the
show how the system works helpdesk to report an issue.
4. Offer Multiple Learning Resources - Everyone learns 2. Ticketing Systems - When someone reports a problem,
differently. Provide a variety of materials like video it’s logged in a system called a “ticketing system.” This
system keeps track of all issues so that nothing is
tutorials, step-by-step guides, and Q&A sessions to cater
to different learning styles. forgotten or lost.
5. Continuous Support- Training doesn’t stop after Go-Live. 3. Escalation Procedures - Not all problems are equal. Small
Make sure users can easily access support materials or issues can be handled by the helpdesk, but bigger
ask questions after the initial training sessions are done problems might need to be passed on to specialists. This
process is called “escalation,” and it makes sure the right
Stabilization After Go-Live: Monitoring and Issue Resolution people handle the bigger issues
Once an ERP system goes live, the work doesn’t stop.
Stabilizing the system is like making sure everything runs Creating an Issue Resolution Process
smoothly after a big launch. - A clear issue resolution process ensures that problems
are solved efficiently.
Understanding Post-Go-Live Challenges 1. Logging Issues - When a user reports a problem, the
first step is to log it in the ticketing system. This helps
1. Data Discrepancies - Sometimes, data doesn’t transfer track what the issue is, who reported it, and when.
properly. For example, old customer records might not 2. Prioritizing Issues - Some problems are more urgent
show up correctly in the new system. than others. For example, if the whole system goes
2. Performance Issues - The system might slow down or down, it’s more important than a single user having a
take too long to process information, which can frustrate small issue. Prioritizing helps decide what to fix first.
users. 3. Assigning Issues - Once the issue is logged and
3. User Adoption Challenges - Some employees might prioritized, it’s assigned to the right person or team to
struggle to get used to the new system or resist using it. solve it. This ensures that problems are handled by the
This can lead to mistakes or delays people with the right skills
Establishing a Monitoring Framework Why is good support important?
1. Real-Time Monitoring - This means checking how the 1. Better User Satisfaction - When users know they can get
system is performing at any given moment. If something help quickly, they are happier and more confident using
goes wrong, you can catch it quickly. the system. This leads to fewer mistakes and better use of
2. Feedback Loops - Getting feedback from users is the ERP system.
essential. Employees using the system can report any 2. Improved System Performance - Effective support helps
issues, and this information helps in fixing problems identify and fix problems early. If small issues are fixed
Example Issues and Their Management
 quickly, it prevents bigger problems from happening. This 2. Adapting to Change - Managers should be open to
keeps the system running smoothly adjusting their strategies based on what the ERP system
reveals. They might need to:
Knowledge transfer - Review performance metrics.
- After an ERP system is up and running, it’s important - Change processes to align with new capabilities
to ensure that everyone knows how to use it provided by the ERP
effectively Aligning ERP Support with Business Objectives
- Knowledge transfer is all about sharing important
information and skills so that everyone can use the 1. Collaboration Between IT and Management
system properly - Understanding Needs: Management knows the
business goals, while IT understands how the system
1. Sustainability - When employees understand how to use works. Working together helps ensure the system
the ERP system, it helps keep the system running meets the organization’s needs.
smoothly over time. This means fewer problems and less - Effective Problem-Solving: When issues arise, a
frustration. collaborative approach allows for quicker solutions,
2. Proper Documentation and Training - Having clear as both teams can contribute their expertise.
documents and training programs helps employees learn 2. Ongoing Support and Training
what they need to know. This reduces confusion and - Regular Training: Ongoing training helps staff adapt
makes it easier for everyone to get their work done to the system and make the best use of its features.
- Feedback Mechanisms: Creating ways for users to
Creating Documentation for Operational Procedures provide feedback helps identify areas for
1. Be Clear and Simple- Use simple language and avoid improvement
technical jargon. Think about what someone new to the
system would understand.
2. Use Visuals- Include pictures, diagrams, or screenshots to
Module 8
help explain steps. Visuals can make complex tasks
easier to understand. Roles and Responsibilities of Team Members
3. Step-by-Step Instructions- Break down tasks into small,
easy-to follow steps. This helps users know exactly what 1. Project Manager
to do without getting lost. - The main leader of the project, responsible for
4. Regular Updates - Keep documentation up to date. If the ensuring that the project is completed on time, within
system changes or new features are added, make sure the budget, and according to plan.
guides reflect these updates - They coordinate between different teams, solve
problems, and keep the project moving forward.
Role of Mentorship and Continuous Learning 2. End Users:
- Employees who will use the ERP system daily, such as
1. Mentorship Programs- Pair new employees with
accountants, HR staff, and others.
experienced ones. Mentors can provide guidance, answer
- While they aren't directly part of the project team,
questions, and share their expertise, helping newcomers
their feedback is crucial to ensure the system works
feel more comfortable.
well for everyone
2. Regular Training Sessions- Schedule regular training to
3. Business Analysts: bridge
refresh everyone’s skills. This can be done through
- These team members act as the bridge between the
workshops, online courses, or team meetings.
business (like Finance or HR departments) and the
3. Encourage Questions - Create an environment where
technical team.
employees feel comfortable asking questions. This
- They gather information about business needs and
encourages learning and helps everyone improve their
ensure the system is built to meet those needs.
skills.
4. System Analysts:
4. Share Success Stories - Share examples of how effective
- These individuals analyze and design the information
use of the ERP system has helped the organization. This
systems that meet the specific needs of the business.
motivates employees to learn and use the system to its
- They work closely with both the technical team and
full potential
end users to identify requirements and recommend
Strategic Considerations for Management solutions
5. Technical Leads:
1. Impact on Organizational Goals - After the ERP system is - These are the technology experts who lead the
implemented, it can change how the organization works. technical side of the project.
Managers need to consider how the system supports the - They oversee tasks such as software development,
company’s goals. system installation, and technical problem-solving.
- Efficiency: The ERP system can help streamline 6. Developers/Programmers:
processes, making the company more efficient. - These team members write and modify code to
- Better Decision-Making: With all data in one place, customize the ERP system.
managers can make informed decisions faster.
 - They create or adjust features to ensure that the SMEs ensure that the system reflects how the company
system meets the specific requirements of the works, so it can help improve things, not disrupt them
business
7. Quality Assurance (QA) Testers:
- QA testers ensure everything in the system works Leadership Skills Needed in ERP Projects
properly.
- They test the system for bugs or problems and ensure 1. Communication: Effective leaders must clearly convey
it runs smoothly before it goes live. information, expectations, and feedback. For example, a
8. Change Management Team: Project Manager should regularly update team members
- This team helps the company and its employees on project progress and changes to ensure everyone is
adjust to the new system. aligned.
- They plan training sessions, provide support, and 2. Problem-Solving: Leaders should be able to identify
ensure that users understand how to use the ERP issues quickly and develop solutions. If a system glitch
system effectively arises, a good leader can coordinate a team meeting to
brainstorm solutions.
Cross-functional 3. Decision-Making: Leaders must make informed choices
- means having people from different departments (like swiftly. For instance, if a department requests a change in
IT, Finance, HR) work together. the ERP configuration, the Project Manager must
Why is this important? evaluate the request's impact on the overall project and
- Because each department has different needs, and we make a timely decision
need everyone’s input to build a system that works for Role of the Project Manager in Ensuring Alignment with
the whole company, not just one department Business Objectives
Module Experts and Subject Matter Experts (SMEs) 1. Risk Management and Issue Resolution
A Subject Matter Expert (SME) - Leaders must anticipate potential risks and create
- is a person with deep knowledge and expertise in a plans to address them.
specific field, process, or area relevant to a project. - When issues arise, such as team conflicts or technical
- SMEs are typically employees who thoroughly problems, effective leaders facilitate discussions to
understand the business processes, workflows, and resolve them quickly and keep the project on track
operational needs of their department or function. 2. Stakeholder Engagement and Reporting
- They play a crucial role in ensuring that the ERP - Engaging stakeholders (like department heads and
system is aligned with the organization's business executives) is crucial. Regular updates, meetings, and
requirements. reports keep everyone informed and involved.
- SMEs focus on ensuring the ERP system aligns with Critical Success Factors
business needs
Executive Sponsorship
Module Experts' Role in Configuration, Testing, and - refers to the active involvement and support of
Validation senior-level executives or top management in a
A Module Expert project or initiative, such as an ERP implementation.
- is a specialist who has deep knowledge of a specific Buy-in
ERP module, such as finance, human resources, or - refers to the acceptance, commitment, and support
supply chain management. from key stakeholders and team members for a
- These individuals focus on the technical project, strategy, or initiative.
configuration, testing, and optimization of specific - Example: If there’s a need for extra funding, an
modules within the ERP system to ensure they meet executive sponsor can advocate for it
both the functional and technical requirements of the
business. Clear and Well-Defined Project Scope •
- Module Experts ensure that specific modules are
properly configured, tested, and validated A well-defined project scope outlines what will and will not be
included in the ERP project. This helps prevent scope creep,
Sometimes, tech people and business people don’t speak the
same language (metaphorically). Scope creep
- which is when additional features or changes are
Module Experts and SMEs act as translators. added without proper evaluation.
- They help the technical team understand what the - Example: Having a clear scope prevents the Finance
business needs and make sure the business team department from requesting last-minute changes that
understands the technical parts. could delay the project

Every company has its own way of doing things, called Change management is essential for helping employees adapt
business processes. The ERP system needs to match these to the new system.
processes.
 - This includes providing training and resources. For Tools and Methodologies to Track and Control Scope
instance, the project team might conduct training
sessions to familiarize users with the new ERP 1. Project Management Software:
system, ensuring they feel comfortable and confident - Tools like Trello, Asana, or Microsoft Project help
using it track tasks, deadlines, and project scope.
- These platforms allow team members to see what’s
Data Accuracy and System Integration included in the project and any changes that occur.
2. Gantt Charts:
1. Accurate data is vital for the success of the ERP system. - A Gantt chart visually represents the project timeline,
If the data entered into the system is incorrect, it can lead showing tasks, durations, and dependencies.
to poor decision making. - It helps identify how new changes might affect
- Example: • A Finance department must ensure that all existing tasks and deadlines, making it easier to
financial records are accurate before they are manage the project scope
migrated into the new ERP system.
2. System integration means ensuring that the ERP system Implications for Management
works well with other existing systems.
- Example: • If the ERP is connected to the company's Management plays a crucial role in ensuring that the project
CRM system, data should flow seamlessly between has the necessary resources, such as funding, personnel, and
them tools.

Continuous Monitoring and Feedback If the project needs additional staff for data migration,
- Regularly monitoring the project’s progress helps management must approve hiring or reallocating employees.
identify issues early. This can involve tracking key Alignment of ERP Projects with Organizational Goals
performance indicators (KPIs) to measure success. - It is vital that ERP projects align with the company's
- Gathering feedback from users throughout the project overall goals and objectives.
helps refine the system and make necessary - For instance, if the organization aims to improve
adjustments customer satisfaction, the ERP system should include
Causes of Scope Creep in ERP Projects features that enhance customer service capabilities
1. Unclear Requirements: Impact on Decision-Making and Business Processes
- When project goals and requirements are not clearly - The implementation of an ERP system can change
defined from the start, team members and how decisions are madewithin the organization.
stakeholders may have different interpretations. - With real-time data from the ERP system, managers
- Example: • If the Finance team wants a feature to can make informed decisions quickly rather than
track expenses, but it isn’t well explained, it could relying on outdated reports.
lead to additional requests that weren't initially - Additionally, ERP systems streamline business
planned. processes, reducing delays and improving efficiency.
2. Stakeholder Demands: - Automating order processing can speed up sales and
- As the project progresses, stakeholders may request enhance customer satisfaction
new features or changes that weren't part of the
original plan. Post-Implementation Management Responsibilities
- Example: • If the Sales department realizes they need
a new report for customer analysis, this can add to - After the ERP system is live, management must
the project's workload without prior agreement ensure ongoing training for employees to maximize
the system's use.
Techniques for Managing Scope Creep o Example • Regular training sessions can help
users stay updated on new features and best
1. Change Control Processes: practices.
- Implementing a formal process for evaluating and - Management also needs to oversee system
approving changes helps manage scope creep. This maintenance and updates. This includes monitoring
involves assessing the impact of any new requests on the system’s performance, addressing user issues, and
time and budget before approval. making necessary adjustments to ensure it continues
- Example: • if someone requests an additional module, to meet business needs
the team should analyze how it affects the project
timeline and resources.
2. Communication Plans:
- Establishing clear communication with all Module 9
stakeholders ensures that everyone understands the
project scope and any changes. Regular meetings and Organizational Change
updates can help keep everyone aligned and reduce - This is when a company or organization makes
misunderstandings changes to how it works. It could be small changes,
like rearranging the office, or big changes, like
changing the entire way they do business.
 - The main goal of organizational change is to improve everyone from the boss to the workers works together
how things are done, so the company can be more to make sure that changes are successful
successful or meet new challenges.
Leadership
Business Process Reengineering (BPR) - refers to the people in charge, like the boss or
- This is a fancy way of saying "completely rethinking managers. In a company, leaders are the ones who
and redesigning how a business does its work." help guide everyone through changes.
Instead of just making small improvements, business - They make important decisions, set the direction for
process reengineering involves starting from scratch the company, and help people feel confident about the
to figure out the best way to get things done. changes.
- The goal is to make the company work better, faster,
and more efficiently. Employee Engagement
- means how much workers are involved in and care
Reason for Change about the changes happening in the company. If
- Change happens when a company realizes that the employees feel like they are part of the change, they
way they are doing things isn't working as well as it are more likely to support it and work hard to make it
could. successful.

Internal and External Drivers of Change Buy-In

- means that employees believe in the change and
Internal Drivers agree that it’s a good idea. For change to work,
- are things inside the company that make them want everyone needs to be on board, not just the leaders.
to change. - If workers don't understand or like the change, they
External Drivers might not try as hard to make it work
- come from outside the company. Things like new A Change-Ready Culture
rules from the government, changes in the economy, - means creating an environment where everyone is
or competition from other companies might force a open to new ideas and ready to adapt. In a change-
business to change. ready culture, people expect that things might not
Globalization stay the same forever, and they’re willing to go along
- is when companies and people from all over the world with changes when they happen.
can work together and sell products everywhere. This Training
means a company in the Philippines could be - is when the company helps employees learn new
competing with companies from the USA or Japan. skills to handle changes.
So, to keep up, companies need to change how they
work. Development
- means helping employees grow and improve their
Market Dynamics skills for the future. It’s like long-term training that
- are changes in the market, like how many people are makes sure employees are always ready for new
buying something or how much it costs to make. If challenges and changes
people want different products or prices change,
companies need to adjust to survive. Business Process Change
- This is when a company looks at how it works and
Technological Disruption makes changes to improve the way things get done.
- happens when new technology completely changes The goal is to make processes faster, easier, or more
how things are done. Businesses that don’t adopt new efficient, like finding ways to save time, reduce
tech may get left behind. mistakes, or cut costs
Customer Expectations Inefficiencies
- are what customers want from a business. If - are when things aren’t working as well as they could.
customers start wanting faster service, better quality, This might be because a process is too slow, too
or new products, companies need to change to meet expensive, or requires too much effort.
those expectations.
Bottlenecks
Customer Behavior - are like roadblocks. They are parts of a process where
- is how people shop, which can also change over time. work gets stuck or slows down. When there's a
For example, more people now shop online instead of bottleneck, nothing can move forward until the
going to stores, so businesses need to change how problem is fixed, just like traffic piling up on a road
they sell things. because one lane is closed
Organizational Commitment Process Mapping
- This means how much a company, especially its - is when a company draws out the steps of a process,
leaders and employees, are dedicated to making like creating a map of how things get done. It shows
changes work. When a company is committed,
 the path from start to finish and all the steps in Module 10
between.
- This helps people see exactly where things might be Supply Chain Management
going wrong or taking too long. A supply chain
Workflow Optimization - is like a big team of businesses working together to
- means improving how work flows or moves through a make and deliver a product. For example, to make a
process. After mapping out the process, a company smartphone, you need a lot of parts like a screen, a
can figure out how to make it faster, easier, or more battery, and a camera. These parts come from
efficient by changing or removing steps different places, and they all need to be put together
and shipped to stores.
Automation
- means using technology or machines to do tasks that Supply Chain Management (SCM)
people used to do by hand. This helps save time, - is how businesses organize this process to make sure
reduce mistakes, and make things run more smoothly. products are made on time, at the right cost, and get
Instead of having employees do repetitive tasks, to customers when needed. Without good supply
businesses can use machines or software to do them chain management, it would be hard for companies to
automatically. stay organized and make sure customers are happy
- Use app with their products

Business Process Management (BPM) Key Components of a Supply Chain

- BPM is a way for companies to improve and manage 1. Suppliers: These are the people or companies who
their business processes. provide the raw materials or parts needed to make a
- BPM is all about understanding, managing, and product. •
improving the processes a company uses to get work 2. Manufacturers: These are the businesses that take the
done. It helps organizations look closely at how they raw materials from suppliers and make the product.
do things, find areas for improvement, and implement 3. Distributors: These companies move the products from
changes. the manufacturers to the retailers. They help make sure
- Create a better way the toys get to the right places.
The BPM Lifecycle 4. Retailers: These are the stores where customers can buy
- is a series of steps that companies follow when they the products. Think of big stores like toy shops or online
want to manage and improve their processes. It stores.
usually includes the following stages: 5. Customers: Finally, these are the people who buy and use
1. Design: Figuring out how the process should work and the products, like kids who buy the toys.
creating a plan for it. Supply Chain Flows
2. Model: Making a visual representation or map of the
process to see how it will flow. 1. Information Flow: This is the sharing of data between the
3. Execute: Putting the plan into action and starting to use different parts of the supply chain, like placing orders or
the process. checking if enough products are available.
4. Monitor: Checking how well the process is working and 2. Product Flow: This is the movement of the actual goods,
if there are any problems. from suppliers to manufacturers, then to distributors,
5. Optimize: Making changes to improve the process retailers, and finally to customers.
based on what was learned during monitoring. 3. Financial Flow: This is the money that moves between all
the parts, from customers paying for products, and
Companies use various tools and technologies to help with businesses paying suppliers for materials
BPM. These can include software programs that help map
processes, track progress, and analyze data. These tools make Supply Chain Strategies
it easier for organizations to manage their processes
effectively. • Example: A school might use software that helps 1. Lean Supply Chain: This is about making things as fast
track student registrations, sends reminders to students, and and cheap as possible, without wasting time or materials.
analyzes how many students complete their registration on It’s like being very careful not to make more products
time than you need or keep too much in stock.
2. Agile Supply Chain: This is more flexible. Companies
Continuous Improvement using an agile strategy can quickly change what they do if
- means always looking for ways to make processes the market changes. For example, if there is suddenly a
better, even after changes have been made. BPM lot of demand for a new kind of toy, they can start
encourages companies to keep monitoring their making it quickly
processes and making adjustments to ensure they are
as efficient as possible. Challenges in Managing Global Supply

1. Geographical Challenges: Products and materials may

have to travel long distances, which can cause delays,
especially if transportation is slow or blocked.
2. Cultural Challenges: Different countries do business in There are two types of integration in supply chains:
different ways, and it can be hard to make sure everyone
is on the same page. 1. Vertical Integration: This is when a company controls
3. Regulatory Challenges: Different countries have different different stages of making a product. For example, a car
rules about things like taxes, product safety, and company might own the factory that makes car parts and
shipping. Managing all these rules can be tricky also the stores that sell the cars. This makes it easier to
manage everything because it’s all in one company.
E-business 2. Horizontal Integration: This is when a company works
- means doing business online. Instead of using papers closely with other companies that are at the same stage
and phone calls to buy or sell products, companies of making a product. For example, if two car companies
use the internet to connect. This helps businesses team up to buy car parts together, they can get better
make their supply chains faster and easier to manage. prices and save money.

E-procurement Integration of Supply Chain Processes with Other Business

- is the online way of buying things that a company Functions
needs, like materials or equipment. When companies
use e-procurement, they can find the best deals faster 1. Manufacturing: The part of the business that makes the
and compare prices easily. This helps them save products must be linked to the supply chain to know
money and get the products they need more quickly, when and how much to produce.
which makes the whole supply chain run better 2. Inventory: This is the stock of products a company has. It
must be connected to the supply chain to ensure there is
Digital Supply Chains enough to meet customer demand.
3. Logistics: This involves the transportation and delivery of
1. Cloud Computing: This is like storing all your important products. It needs to be integrated with the supply chain
information on the internet instead of in one place, so so that products get to customers on time.
businesses can share data easily and make faster
decisions. Supply chain visibility
2. Artificial Intelligence (AI): AI helps businesses predict - means that everyone involved in the supply chain can
what products customers want and when they want see what’s happening in real-time. For example, a
them. This helps the company keep the right amount of store can check online to see when their next
stock. shipment of toys will arrive. This helps companies
3. Internet of Things (IoT): IoT means smart devices, like make better decisions and avoid running out of stock.
sensors, that can track products as they move through - It also makes the supply chain transparent, which
the supply chain. This helps companies know where their means there are no secrets, and everyone knows
products are at all times where products are and what’s happening

Business-to-Business (B2B) and Business-to-Customer (B2C) Challenges in Achieving Seamless Integration

Models
1. Data Silos: This happens when different parts of a
1. Business-to-Business (B2B): This is when one business company don’t share information with each other. For
sells products to another business. example, the manufacturing team might not know what
2. Business-to-Customer (B2C): This is when a business the sales team is doing. This can cause mistakes and
sells products directly to customers. delays.
2. Incompatibility of Systems: Sometimes, different systems
E-commerce platforms used by companies don’t work well together. For
- are websites where companies can sell their products example, one part of the company might use a different
online. Examples include Amazon, Lazada, or Shopee. software system than another part, making it hard to
These platforms make it easy for customers to buy share information.
things without leaving their homes.
- They also help companies manage their supply chains RFID stands for Radio Frequency Identification.
better because everything is tracked online. This - It is a technology that uses small electronic tags to
means companies can see when they need more store information about items. These tags can be
products, ship things faster, and keep customers scanned from a distance using special devices called
happy RFID readers.
- Example: A box of toys in a warehouse might have an
An ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning) system is like a super- RFID tag, and when the reader scans it, it can tell
smart computer program that helps different parts of a what’s inside without opening the box. RFID helps
business work together smoothly. When a company uses an companies keep track of products in their supply
ERP system, it can connect everything, including the supply chains
chain, so that everyone knows what’s happening at all times.
For example, if the inventory (the stock of products) is Benefits of RFID in Supply Chain Management
running low, the ERP system can automatically order more
supplies, helping the supply chain run faster and without 1. Improved Inventory Accuracy: With RFID, companies
mistakes. know exactly what they have in stock. They can scan
 hundreds of items quickly, so it’s easier to avoid mistakes For example, if a product sold a lot last year,
and ensure that there’s enough product to meet customer managers can predict that they’ll need more of that
demand. product next year.
2. Enhanced Security: RFID tags can help track items as 2. Demand Forecasting: This means managers try to
they move through the supply chain, making it harder for figure out how much of a product customers will
products to get lost or stolen. want. By predicting customer demand, they can
3. Tracking: Companies can see where their products are at avoid making too much or too little of something
all times, from the warehouse to the store, which helps
them plan better and avoid delays Managing Risks in the Supply Chain

RFID in Warehousing and Distribution •In warehouses, RFID 1. Risk Identification: This is when managers try to figure
helps keep track of items in real-time. This means companies out what could go wrong, like bad weather stopping a
can instantly see how many products they have and where shipment or a supplier running out of materials.
they are stored. It also helps with asset tracking, which is like 2. Risk Mitigation: Once they know the risks, managers
knowing where all the equipment and tools are, so nothing make plans to reduce them. For example, they might
gets lost. In distribution (when products are sent to stores or have backup suppliers in case one supplier can’t deliver
customers), RFID makes it easier to scan products and ensure products.
they reach the right place 3. Risk Management: This means always keeping an eye on
the supply chain to make sure it’s running smoothly and
Automation fixing problems quickly when they happen
- means using machines and technology to do tasks
instead of humans. RFID plays a big role in The Impact of Supply Chain Performance on Organizational
automating the supply chain. For example, instead of Success
having workers manually count products in a - A company’s success depends on how well the supply
warehouse, RFID tags can be scanned by machines chain works. If the supply chain runs smoothly,
that do the job faster and more accurately. This helps products are delivered on time, customers are happy,
the supply chain run more efficiently because tasks and the company makes money. But if there are
are done quicker, and there are fewer mistakes delays or mistakes, it can hurt the company’s
Challenges and Limitations of RFID Implementation reputation and sales. This is why managing the supply
chain well is so important for the company to do well
1. Cost: RFID tags and readers can be expensive to buy and
set up, especially for smaller companies. Sustainability and Ethical Considerations in Supply Chain
2. Data Privacy: Because RFID can track products in real- Management
time, there’s a concern that it might collect too much 1. Green Supply Chains: A green supply chain is when
information, which can raise privacy issues. companies try to reduce pollution and waste. For
3. Technology Limitations: Sometimes, RFID systems might example, they might use trucks that run on clean energy
not work perfectly if the signals get blocked or if the tags or recycle materials instead of throwing them away.
get damaged. 2. Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR): This means
Role of Management in Supply Chain Strategy Development companies take responsibility for how their actions affect
•Managers are like the leaders of a company. In supply chain people and the planet. They might treat their workers
management, their job is to make sure the company’s supply fairly, pay them well, and make sure their suppliers do
chain runs smoothly. They create strategies (plans) to ensure the same. This helps create a positive image for the
products are made, moved, and delivered efficiently. company and shows they care about more than just
•Example: They decide how to find the best suppliers or how making money
to save money on shipping products to customers. Good
planning helps the company work faster and meet customer
needs

Decision-Making Based on Supply Chain Analytics •Managers =========================================

use supply chain analytics to help them make smart
decisions. Analytics is like looking at important numbers and
data to figure out what’s going on in the supply chain.

There are two important types:

1. Predictive Analytics: This is when managers look at

past data to guess what might happen in the future.
ENTERPRISE RESOURCE PLANNING 5. Continuous Support Aligning ERP Support with Business
AND MANAGEMENT Objectives
Understanding Post-Go-Live 1. Collaboration Between IT and
ERP Challenges Management
The ERP Life Cycle 1. Data Discrepancies - Understanding Needs
Go-Live 2. Performance Issues - Effective Problem-Solving
Training 3. User Adoption Challenges 2. Ongoing Support and Training
Stabilizing the system - Regular Training
Knowledge transfer Establishing a Monitoring Framework - Feedback Mechanisms
Setting Up Post-Production Support 1. Real-Time Monitoring
2. Feedback Loops Module 8
Key Phases of the ERP Life Cycle:
1. Pre-Implementation – Cross-functional
Example Issues and Their
2. Go-Live A Subject Matter Expert (SME)
Management
3. Post-Implementation A Module Expert
Example 1: Missing Customer Data
(Operations) Module Experts and SMEs act as
Example 2: Slow System Response
translators.
Example 3: Employee Confusion
Key Focus Areas in Post- Executive Sponsorship
Implementation: Buy-in
Building an Effective Support
1. System Maintenance Scope creep
Structure
2. Support and Training Change management
1. Helpdesks
3. Continuous Improvement Continuous Monitoring and Feedback
2. Ticketing Systems
3. Escalation Procedures
Final Preparations for Go-Live Roles and Responsibilities of Team
1. Testing the System Members
Creating an Issue Resolution Process
2. Training Employees 1. Project Manager
1. Logging Issues
3. Backup Plans 2. End Users:
2. Prioritizing Issues
3. Business Analysts:
3. Assigning Issues
Key Components of Go-Live 4. System Analysts:
Readiness 5. Technical Leads:
Why is good support important?
1. User Acceptance Testing (UAT) 6. Developers/Programmers:
1. Better User Satisfaction
2. Data Migration 7. Quality Assurance (QA) Testers:
2. Improved System Performance
3. System Configuration 8. Change Management Team:

Sustainability
Creating a Go-Live Checklist Leadership Skills Needed in ERP
Proper Documentation and Training
1. System Testing Completed Projects
Creating Documentation for
2. Data Ready 1. Communication
Operational Procedures
3. Employee Training Done 2. Problem-Solving
1. Be Clear and Simple
4. Backup Plan in Place 3. Decision-Making
2. Use Visuals
3. Step-by-Step Instructions
Essential Items to Ensure a Smooth Role of the Project Manager in
4. Regular Updates
Transition Ensuring Alignment with Business
1. Communication Objectives
Role of Mentorship and Continuous
2. Support Team on Standby 1. Risk Management and Issue
Learning
3. Monitoring the System Resolution
1. Mentorship Programs
2. Stakeholder Engagement and
2. Regular Training Sessions
Types of Training Methods Reporting
3. Encourage Questions
1. On-Site Training 4. Share Success Stories
2. Online Training Causes of Scope Creep in ERP
3. Hybrid Training Projects
Strategic Considerations for
1. Unclear Requirements:
Management
Tailoring Training for Different Roles 2. Stakeholder Demands:
1. Impact on Organizational Goals
1. Technical Users - Efficiency
2. Functional Users Techniques for Managing Scope Creep
2. Better Decision-MakingAdapting
1. Change Control Processes:
to Change
Best Practices for Creating Engaging 2. Communication Plans:
- Review performance metrics.
Training Materials - Change processes to align
1. Make It Interactive Tools and Methodologies to Track and
with new capabilities provided
2. Use Clear, Simple Language Control Scope
by the ERP
3. Provide Visuals 1. Project Management Software:
4. Offer Multiple Learning 2. Gantt Charts:
Resources
Post-Implementation Management 3. Distributors There are two important types:
Responsibilities 4. Retailers 1. Predictive Analytics
5. Customers 2. Demand Forecasting
Module 9 Supply Chain Flows Managing Risks in the Supply Chain
Organizational Change 1. Information Flow 1. Risk Identification
Business Process Reengineering (BPR) 2. Product Flow 2. Risk Mitigation
Reason for Change 3. Financial Flow 3. Risk Management
Supply Chain Strategies Sustainability and Ethical
Internal and External Drivers of 1. Lean Supply Chain Considerations in Supply Chain
Change 2. Agile Supply Chain Management
1. Internal Drivers Challenges in Managing Global Supply 1. Green Supply Chains
2. External Drivers 1. Geographical Challenges 2. Corporate Social Responsibility
3. Globalization 2. Cultural Challenges (CSR)
4. Market Dynamics 3. Regulatory Challenges
5. Technological Disruption
6. Customer Expectations E-business
7. Customer Behavior E-procurement
8. Organizational Commitment
9. Leadership Digital Supply Chains
10. Employee Engagement 1. Cloud Computing
11. Buy-In 2. Artificial Intelligence (AI)
12. A Change-Ready Culture 3. Internet of Things (IoT)
13. Training Business-to-Business (B2B) and
14. Development Business-to-Customer (B2C) Models
15. Business Process Change 1. Business-to-Business (B2B)
16. Inefficiencies 2. Business-to-Customer (B2C)
17. Bottlenecks
18. Process Mapping There are two types of integration in
19. Workflow Optimization supply chains:
Automation 1. Vertical Integration
Business Process Management (BPM) 2. Horizontal Integration
Continuous Improvement Integration of Supply Chain Processes
with Other Business Functions
The BPM Lifecycle 1. Manufacturing
1. Design 2. Inventory
2. Model 3. Logistics
3. Execute
4. Monitor Challenges in Achieving Seamless
5. Optimize Integration
1. Data Silos
2. Incompatibility of Systems

Module 10 Benefits of RFID in Supply Chain

A supply chain Management
Supply Chain Management (SCM) 1. Improved Inventory Accuracy
E-business 2. Enhanced Security
E-procurement 3. Tracking
E-commerce platforms Challenges and Limitations of RFID
An ERP (Enterprise Resource Implementation
Planning) system 1. Cost
Supply chain visibility 2. Data Privacy
RFID stands for Radio Frequency 3. Technology Limitations
Identification. Role of Management in Supply Chain
RFID in Warehousing and Distribution Strategy Development •Managers
Automation Decision-Making Based on Supply
Chain Analytics •Managers use supply
chain analytics to help them make
smart decisions. Analytics is like
Key Components of a Supply Chain looking at important numbers and
1. Suppliers data to figure out what’s going on in
2. Manufacturers the supply chain.