Minerals and Energy Resources I

Name of Minerals Varieties /Types Its Uses Distribution

Iron Ore Magnetite – (having magnetic property) - Used in construction of roads, bridges, Odisha - Keonjhar, Mayurbhanj, Sundargarh
Haematite- (Odisha and Karnataka) appliances, machine and tools & automobiles. Karnataka - Ballary and Babu Budon Hills
Limonite - Shipbuilding, Pipeline transport & furniture. Chhatisgarh – Durg and Bastar
Siderite Jharkhand - Singbhum
Manganese – It is the most important mineral for making Iron & Odisha & Karnataka are the leading producers
Steel. Odisha – Sundergarh, Keonjhar & Mayurbhanj
- It makes steel strong and It removes Karnataka- Ballary
impurities and makes it immune to Jharkhand -Singhbhum & Palamu
rusting.
- It is also used for making bleaching
powder, insecticides, paints and dry
batteries.
Copper It is highly ductile in nature, strong and - Used for making electrical wires and other Madhya Pradesh -Balaghat District, is the largest
good conductor of electricity. equipment. producer of copper in India.
- It is used in automobile and defense industry. Rajasthan - Jhunjhunu District
- Railway equipment industry. Jharkhand – Hazaribagh and Palamu.
- It is alloyed with iron and nickel to make stainless
steel, which is used to make utensils
Bauxite It is a rock. It is the raw material for making -It is used for making aircrafts, ships and utensils. Odisha – Kalahandi and Sambalpur
Aluminium -Electrical industry for making wires. Jharjhand – Ranchi and Palamu
- Making headlight reflector, mirrors and telescope. Madhya Pradesh – Balaghat & Jabalpur
-Used in making cement, chemicals & soda cans.
Minerals and Energy Resources II
Coal (Conventional Anthracite- it is the best quality of coal. - It is used for heating, steaming, and production of Jharhand has the largest reserves of coal 33.5%
Sources of energy) Bituminous- coke and coal tar.
Lignite - It used in Iron & Steel industry, Cement Industry (Jharia, Bokaro and Giridih).
Peat and Chemical Industry for generation of electricity. Chhatisgarh (Korba and Totapari)
-Direct source of heat energy for domestic purpose. Odisha (Talcher)
M.P ( Singrauli and Sholapuri)
West Bengal ( Raniganj & Burdwan)
Advantages Prime Source for Generating Electricity, It is cheaper and affordable, Easy to burn it has high calorific value, No dependence on climate conditions.
Disadvantages Burning coal is not environmental friendly as it causes pollution, The pollution it cause may lead to acid rain, Nonrenewable source of energy.
 It is the main source of Petrol, Diesel, Kerosene, - The largest mineral oil deposits are found in the
Mineral Oil / Mumbai High – Oil wells are found in LPG and paraffin wax. off shore sea near Mumbai – Mumbai High,
Petroleum Arabian sea. - Used for locomotive power. Aliabet.
(Conventional - There is not even a tiniest part of - As a fuel for vehicles. - First Oil well was discovered at Makum in
Sources of energy) crude petroleum which goes waste - Power generation. Assam.
or remains unused. That’s why it is - Raw material for petro chemical industries - Assam (Digboi and Naharkatia)
called ‘liquid gold’ and petrochemical products- synthetic - Gujrat (Ankleshwar, Kalor and Koyali)
rubber and synthetic fiber and PVC pipes -
- Lubricating agents - Oil Refinaries – Cochin, Barauni, Mathura,
- Used for making paints, medicine, plastic Panipat,
and fertilizers.
Advantages Used for power generation, It is liquid so its transportation is easy, After refining it is used for various products - PVC, Synthetic rubber and synthetic
fiber, Gasoline and lubricating oil.
Disadvantages It is non – renewable, Extracting & burning generate green house gases, Highly inflammable can cause fire, Oil Spill leads to water pollution

Generation of Energy Advantages Disadvantages

Solar Energy Solar energy commonly achieved by - It is a renewable source of energy. - Installing solar panel is
(non-conventional) making use of a semiconductor device
- Solar power does not cause any quite expensive.
Solar Cells, Solar called Photo Voltaic Cell. When the sun’s
Cooker and Solar radiations strike on them, the sun’s energy pollution. -It is largely dependent on
Water Heater is converted into electricity. It is widely
- It reduces our dependence on the weather conditions.
used in – Calculators, electronic watches,
street light and traffic signals fossil fuels. -The energy can only be
- It requires little maintenance. created during day light.

Wind Energy Wind energy is obtained by making use of - It is a renewable source of energy. - Wind turbines fall mercy to Tamil Nadu, Gujarat,
(non-conventional) windmills. The blade of the windmill Maharashtra and Odisha.
- It is the cleanest form of energy that local winds
rotates due to high force of the wind and the
rotation of windmill lead to the production does not cause any pollution. - It may not be useful in
of electricity. It also used to pump out the those areas where wind is not
- It requires little maintenance.
water and running flour mills. strong.
- It reduces our dependence on the
fossil fuels
Nuclear Energy Nuclear power is obtained from energy - It reduces our dependence on the - Once the fuel is used its - Kalpakkam in Tamil Nadu.
stored in the radioactive elements like –
fossil fuels and lowers the greenhouse disposal is problem as it is
[Uranium, Thorium and Plutonium] - Rana Pratap Sagar in Kota.
gas emission in the environment. radioactive and dangerous.
- It is very cost effective hence - Radioactive waste can pose - Narora in Uttar Pradesh

cheaper. a serious health effects.

Bio - Gas It is produced by anaerobic degradation of - It is a cleaner source of energy as -It requires large area for
animal and plant wastes in the presence
compared to fossil fuels. installation.
water. It is composed of methane and
carbon dioxide. - the sludge left behind is a rich - Initial cost of installation
fertilizer containing bacterial biomass. is quite expensive.
- It can be easily installed on a very
small scale on individual basis.

Answer the following questions:

1. Name the different types of Iron –Ore found in India. Which is the best quality of iron ore?

2. State any two main uses of iron. Mention any two largest iron ore producing states in India.

3. State any three uses of manganese. Why manganese is considered important mineral for industrial purposes?

4. Name two states with large deposits of coal. Name the coal fields in the states that you have named.

5. Name the two products made out of coal.

6. Why is it necessary to conserve mineral resources?

7. State the advantages of Solar energy.

8. What are the limitations of wind energy?

9. Name any two nuclear power plants located in India.

10. State the advantages of Bio-gas fuel.

11. Name the oldest coal field in India.

12. Name the largest coal field in India.

13. Name the oldest oil field in India.

14. Name two public sector oil refineries in India.

15. Name the biggest oil refinery in a private sector.

16. Name the state that is the largest producer of mineral oil in India.