SVKM’s Narsee Monjee Institute of Management Studies

Mukesh Patel School of Technology Management & Engineering

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Classwork Problems
Unit 2: First Order First Degree Differential Equations
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L11: Concept of differential equations - order, degree, linear and non-linear DE,
formation of differential equations

Q1. Find the order and degree of the following differential equations.
𝑑𝑦 3 𝑑2 𝑦
a. (𝑑𝑥 ) − 𝑑𝑥 2 − 2 = 0 Ans: Order is 2, and degree is 1.
𝑑2 𝑦 𝑑𝑦
b. √𝑑𝑥 2 − 𝑑𝑥 − 𝑥𝑦 2 = 0 Ans: Order is 2, and degree is 1
3
𝑑2 𝑦 𝑑𝑦 2
c. = [1 + (𝑑𝑥 ) ] Ans: Order is 2, and degree is 1.
𝑑𝑥 2
2
𝑑3 𝑦 𝑑𝑦 3
d. (𝑑𝑥 3 ) − 3 (𝑑𝑥 ) + 2 = 0 Ans: Order is 3, and degree is 2.
e. (𝑦 ′′′ )2 − 3(𝑦 ′′ )3 + (𝑦 ′ )4 + 𝑦 5 = 0 Ans: Order is 3, and degree is 2.

Q2. Form the differential equations

𝑑2 𝑦
a. 𝑦 = 𝐴 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 + 𝐵 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 Ans: 𝑑𝑥 2 + 𝑦 = 0
𝑑𝑦
b. 𝑦 = 𝑒 𝑥 Ans: 𝑦 = 𝑑𝑥
𝑑2 𝑦
c. 𝑦 = 𝐴𝑒 5𝑥 + 𝐵𝑒 −5𝑥 Ans: 𝑑𝑥 2 − 25𝑦 = 0
𝑑𝑥
d. 𝑥 2 = 4𝑎𝑦 Ans: 𝑥 2 − 2𝑥𝑦 𝑑𝑦 = 0
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L12: Solution of a differential equation, problems on integration
Q3. Verify that the function 𝑦 = √1 + 𝑥 2 is a solution of the differential equation
𝑥𝑦
𝑦 ′ = 1+𝑥 2.
𝑑2 𝑦 𝑑𝑦
Q4. Verify that 𝑦 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥 + 𝑐 is a solution of the differential equation 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 2 + = 0.
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
Q5. If 𝑦 = 𝐴𝑒 2𝑥 is the general solution of 𝑑𝑥 = 2𝑦, find the particular solution
𝑑𝑦
satisfying 𝑦(0) = 3. What is the particular solution satisfying 𝑑𝑥 = 2, when 𝑥 =
0?
Q6. Evaluate the following integrals
5
2
3𝑥 3
a. ∫ 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 3 Ans: +𝑐
5
1
b. ∫ (1 + 𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 Ans: 𝑥 + 𝑙𝑜𝑔 𝑥 + 𝑐
4
c. ∫(𝑒 𝑥 + 4𝑒 3𝑥 )𝑑𝑥 Ans: 𝑒 𝑥 + 3 𝑒 3𝑥 + 𝑐
1 1 𝑥
d. ∫ 4+𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 Ans: 2 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 2 + 𝑐
3 1
1 2 2
e. ∫ (√𝑥 + 3 𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 Ans: 3 𝑥 2 +3 𝑥 2 + 𝑐
√
(Log 𝑥)2 (𝑙𝑜𝑔 𝑥)3
f. ∫ 𝑑𝑥 Ans: +𝑐
𝑥 3
𝑒 tan−1 𝑥 −1 𝑥
g. ∫ 𝑑𝑥 Ans: 𝑒 𝑡𝑎𝑛 +𝑐
1+𝑥 2
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Mukesh Patel School of Technology Management & Engineering
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h. ∫ 𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 Ans: −𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 + 𝑐
i. ∫ 𝑥𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 Ans: 𝑥𝑒 𝑥 − 𝑒 𝑥 + 𝑐
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L13: Solution of first-order differential equation - variable separable method
Q7. Solve the following differential equations
𝑑𝑦 √1−𝑦 2
a. = √1−𝑥 2
Ans: 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 𝑥 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 𝑦 + 𝑐 = 0
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 2𝑥
b. = 3𝑦 2+1 when 𝑦(0) = 3 Ans: −𝑦 3 + 𝑥 2 − 𝑦 + 30 = 0
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 𝑥2
c. = 𝑥𝑦 + 𝑥 + 𝑦 + 1 Ans: 𝑙𝑜𝑔(𝑦 + 1) = +𝑥+𝑐
𝑑𝑥 2
𝑑𝑦 𝑒 −𝑥
d. = Ans: 𝑦 2 = −2𝑒 −𝑥 + 𝑐1, where 𝑐1 = 2𝑐
𝑑𝑥 𝑦
𝑑𝑦
e. = 3𝑥 2 𝑒 −𝑦 subject to 𝑦(0) = 1 Ans: 𝑙𝑛(𝑥 3 + e)
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
f. 1 + 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐(𝑥 + 𝑦) Ans: 𝑥 + cos(𝑥 + 𝑦) + 𝑐 = 0
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L14: Solution of a homogeneous differential equation
Q8. Solve the following differential equations
𝑑𝑦 𝑥 2 −2𝑦 2 𝑐
a. 𝑑𝑥
= 2𝑥𝑦
Ans: 4𝑦 2 − 𝑥 2 = 𝑥2
𝑦 𝑦 𝑦
b. 𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 𝑑𝑦 = (𝑦 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 − 𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 Ans: 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔 𝑥 + 𝑐
𝑑𝑦 3𝑥𝑦+𝑦 2
c. 𝑑𝑥
= 3𝑥 2
Ans: 3𝑥 + 𝑦 𝑙𝑜𝑔 𝑥 + 𝑐𝑦 = 0
𝑦 𝑦 𝑦 𝑦
d. (𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠 (𝑥 ) + 𝑦 𝑠𝑖𝑛 (𝑥 )) 𝑦𝑑𝑥 = (𝑦 𝑠𝑖𝑛 (𝑥 ) − 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠 (𝑥 )) 𝑥𝑑𝑦 Ans: 𝑥𝑦 +
𝑦
𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝑥 ) = 𝑐1
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L15: Solution of a linear differential equation
Q9. Solve the following differential equations
𝑑𝑦
a. 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 𝑥 2 with 𝑥 ≠ 0
𝑑𝑦
b. + 3𝑦 = 𝑒 −2𝑥 Ans: 𝑦 = 𝑒 −2𝑥 + 𝑐𝑒 −3𝑥
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 𝑦 𝑥4
c. + 𝑥 = 𝑥2 Ans: 𝑥𝑦 = +𝑐
𝑑𝑥 4
𝑑𝑦 𝜋
d. 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑦 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 0 ≤ 𝑥 < Ans: 𝑦 = (𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 − 1) + 𝑐𝑒 −𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥
2

L17, L18: Applications and problems on applications of differential equations

Q10. Bacteria increase at the rate proportional to the number of bacteria present. If the
original number 𝑁 doubles in 3 hours, find in how many hours the number of
bacteria will be 4𝑁? Ans: 6 hours
Q11. The population of a village increases at a rate proportional to the population at
that time. In a period of 20 years the population grows from 10 thousand to 15
3
thousand. What will be the population in another 20 years, given √2 = 1.2247
Ans: 18371

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 SVKM’s Narsee Monjee Institute of Management Studies
Mukesh Patel School of Technology Management & Engineering
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Q12. Bismath (radioactive substance) has half-life of 5 days. A sample originally has a
mass of 800 mg. Find the mass remaining after 30 days. Ans: 12.5 mg
Q13. A circuit consists of a resistance 𝑅 and a condenser of capacity 𝐶 farads connected
𝑞
to a constant E.M.F. If the differential equation of the circuit is given by 𝑐 = 𝐸 −
𝑡 𝑡
𝑑𝑞
𝑅 𝑑𝑡 , find 𝑞 given that 𝑞 = 0 when 𝑡 = 0. Ans: 𝑞𝑒 𝑅𝐶 − 𝐸𝐶 (𝑒 𝑅𝐶 − 1)
Q14. Water at 100℃ cools in 10 minutes to 88℃ in a room temperature of 25℃. Find
the temperature of water after 20 minutes. Ans: 77.92℃
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 SVKM’s Narsee Monjee Institute of Management Studies
Mukesh Patel School of Technology Management & Engineering
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Additional Problems

1. Find the order and degree of the following differential equations

3
𝑑2 𝑦 𝑑𝑦 4
a. (𝑑𝑥 2 ) + 9 (𝑑𝑥 ) + 10 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 Ans: order 2, degree3
3 𝑑2 𝑦 𝑑𝑦
b. √𝑑𝑥 2 = √𝑑𝑥 Ans: order 2, degree 2
𝑑𝑠 4 𝑑2 𝑠
c. (𝑑𝑡 ) + 3𝑠 𝑑𝑡 2 = 0 Ans: order 2, degree 1
2
𝑑2 𝑦 𝑑𝑦
d. (𝑑𝑥 2 ) + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 (𝑑𝑥 ) = 0 Ans: order 2, degree not
defined
2. Find the differential equation of all circles which pass through the origin and
𝑑𝑦
whose centres are on the x-axis. Ans: 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥𝑦 𝑑𝑥 − 𝑦 2 = 0
3. Form the differential equation represented by the family of curves
𝑑2 𝑦 𝑑𝑦 2 𝑑𝑦
a. 𝑦 2 = 𝑎(𝑏 2 − 𝑥 2 ) Ans: 𝑥𝑦 𝑑𝑥 2 + 𝑥 (𝑑𝑥 ) − 𝑦 𝑑𝑥 = 0
𝑑2 𝑦 𝑑𝑦
b. 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑒 3𝑥 + 𝑏𝑒 −2𝑥 Ans: 𝑑𝑥 2 − 𝑑𝑥 − 6𝑦 = 0
𝑑2 𝑦 𝑑𝑦
c. 𝑦 = (𝑐1 + 𝑐2 𝑥)𝑒 𝑥 Ans: 𝑑𝑥 2 − 2 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑦 = 0
𝑑𝑦
d. 𝑦 2 = 4𝑎𝑥 Ans: 𝑦 2 = 𝑥 (𝑑𝑥 )
4. Verify that the function 𝑥𝑦 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑒 𝑦 + 𝑐 is a solution of the differential equation
𝑦2
𝑦 ′ = 1−𝑥𝑦.
5. Verify that the function 𝑦 = 𝑒 𝑥 + 1 is a solution of the differential equation 𝑦 ″ −
𝑦 ′ = 0.
6. Verify that 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 𝑦 is a solution of the differential equation 𝑦 2 𝑦 ′ + 𝑦 2 +
1 = 0.
𝑑2 𝑦
7. Verify that 𝑦 = 3 sin 2𝑥 is a solution of the differential equation 𝑑𝑥 2 + 4𝑦 = 0.
8. Solve the following by variable separable method
𝑥 1 1
a. (𝑥 2 − 𝑦𝑥 2 )𝑑𝑦 + (𝑦 2 + 𝑥𝑦 2 )𝑑𝑥 = 0 Ans: 𝑙𝑛 ( ) − ( + ) = 𝑐 𝑦 𝑥 𝑦
b. 3𝑒 𝑥 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑦 𝑑𝑥 + (1 − 𝑒 𝑥 ) 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑦 𝑑𝑦 = 0 Ans: 𝑙𝑛 𝑡 = 𝑙𝑛(𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑦)
𝑑𝑦 4𝑥+𝑦+1
c. = (4𝑥 + 𝑦 + 1)2 Ans: 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( ) = 2𝑥 + 𝑐1,
𝑑𝑥 2
where 𝑐1 = 2𝑐
9. Solve the following homogeneous differential equations
𝑦
a. (𝑥 2 + 𝑥𝑦)𝑑𝑦 = (𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 )𝑑𝑥 Ans: (𝑥 − 𝑦)2 = 𝑐𝑥𝑒 −𝑥
𝑑𝑦 𝑥+𝑦
b. 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥 Ans: 𝑦 = 𝑥𝑙𝑛𝑥 + 𝑐𝑥
𝑑𝑦 1 𝑥+√2𝑦
c. 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥 2 − 2𝑦 2 + 𝑥𝑦 Ans: 2√2 𝑙𝑛 (𝑥=√2𝑦) = 𝑙𝑛𝑥 + 𝑐
10. Solve the following linear differential equations
𝑑𝑦 𝑦 𝑥5 3𝑥 2
a. 𝑑𝑥
+ 𝑥 = 𝑥3 − 3 Ans: 𝑥𝑦 = 5
− 2
+𝑐
𝑑𝑦 −𝑥 2 2
b. 𝑑𝑥 + 2𝑥𝑦 = 2𝑒 Ans: 𝑦 = (2𝑥 + 𝑐)𝑒 −𝑥
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Mukesh Patel School of Technology Management & Engineering
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c. 𝑥𝑑𝑦 + (𝑥 + 𝑦)𝑑𝑥 = 0 Ans: 2𝑥𝑦 + 𝑥 2 = 𝑐
𝑑𝑦
d. (𝑥 + 1) 𝑑𝑥 − 𝑦 = 𝑒 𝑥 (𝑥 + 1)2 Ans: (𝑒 𝑥 + 𝑐)(1 + 𝑥)
11. In a certain chemical reaction, the rate of conversion of a substance at time 𝑡 is
proportional to the quantity of the substance still untransformed at that instant. At
the end of one hour, 60 grams remain and at the end of 4 hours 21 grams remain.
How many grams of the substance was there initially? Ans: 85.15 gms.
12. The temperature 𝑇 of a cooling object drops at a rate proportional to the difference
𝑇 − 𝑆, where S is constant temperature of surrounding medium. If initially 𝑇 = 1
50℃, find the temperature of the cooling object at any time 𝑡.
13. The population of a town increasing at a rate proportional to the population at that
time. If the population increases from 40 thousand to 60 thousand in 40 years,
what will be the population in another 20 years. Ans: 73482

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