MahlersSymphonyNo9 Playbill
MahlersSymphonyNo9 Playbill
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Happy New Year! I hope your holidays were filled with joy,
good company, and great music.
The Orchestra performs outside of the Kimmel Center in our efforts to share the
transformative power of music with the widest possible audience: at Girard College
Chapel for our 35th Annual Martin Luther King, Jr., Tribute Concert and at Carnegie
Hall for the second of three performances this season in that storied space, where the
Orchestra first performed back in November 1902, only two years after the ensemble’s
founding.
To spark interest in classical music, our youngest listeners can enjoy one of our signature
education and community programs, Sound All Around, the second of five performances
this season where children learn about the instrument families in an informal
introduction to music through storytelling. In addition, one of our most popular member
benefits returns: Open Rehearsals. These invitation-only events offer a fascinating
glimpse into the rehearsal process.
With such a breadth of experiences this month, we showcase how The Philadelphia
Orchestra continues to innovate and find new ways of connecting with audiences.
We hope you will join us!
Best regards,
Ryan Fleur
Interim President and CEO
Yannick has established himself as a musical leader of the highest caliber and one
of the most thrilling and sought-after talents of his generation. He became the third
music director of New York’s Metropolitan Opera in 2018. In addition, he has been
artistic director and principal conductor of Montreal’s Orchestre Métropolitain since
2000. In 2017 he became the third-ever honorary member of the Chamber Orchestra
of Europe. He served as music director of the Rotterdam Philharmonic from 2008 to
2018 (he is now honorary conductor) and was principal guest conductor of the London
Philharmonic from 2008 to 2014. He has made wildly successful appearances with the
world’s most revered ensembles and at many of the leading opera houses.
W
elcome to PLAYBILLDER Spotlight, where Playbill highlights shows from educational
institutions or regional theatres and special events around the country (who have used
Playbill’s program-building service). By welcoming these PLAYBILLDERs center stage, we
hope to give our readers a more in-depth look at theatre programs that are fostering the love of
the performing arts in the next generation and the way theatre lovers are bringing Playbill along
for life’s big moments.
Below, we spotlight Julia R. Masterman Laboratory and Demonstration School of Philadelphia,
Pennsylvania and their production of Disney’s Beauty and the Beast. Instrumental Music teacher
Kim Kelter Neu shared with Playbill just how many children came together to put up the show.
Marian Anderson with Music Director Eugene Ormandy during a Philadelphia Orchestra
rehearsal at the Academy of Music in December 1938
On June 8, 2024, Verizon Hall at the Kimmel Center for the Performing Arts was
officially rededicated as Marian Anderson Hall in honor of the legendary Black
contralto, civil rights icon, and Philadelphian. The first major concert venue in the
world to honor Marian Anderson—85 years after she was barred from performing at
Constitution Hall in Washington, D.C., because of her race—the hall is a permanent
monument to its namesake’s artistry and achievements, a reflection of the inclusive
future she helped to engender, and an active testament to the intersection of music,
art, and positive social impact. We look forward to honoring Marian Anderson in
perpetuity with a venue that reflects the ideals by which she lived her life: equity,
justice, freedom, and the belief that the arts are for everyone.
Marian Anderson Hall was named in her honor by a visionary $25-million philanthropic
gift from Richard Worley and Leslie Miller. Worley has been a member of The
Philadelphia Orchestra’s Board of Trustees since 1997 and served as board chair from
2009 to 2019. Miller is a former Kimmel Center trustee and previous acting president
of the Kimmel Center. They are among the largest donors in Philadelphia Orchestra
history. Additional generous support for Marian Anderson Hall was given by Sidney
and Caroline Kimmel.
For one thing, Orchestra Vice President of Education and Community Danielle Allen
explains, the community was speaking out. “We were constantly hearing from parents
and students: ‘Can I get lessons from an Orchestra member?’ Or: ‘My kid plays well, but
we can’t afford lessons, or an instrument.’ Because we believe very strongly that it’s our
duty to cultivate the next generation of artists and audiences, we decided to create
the Fellowship Program. We were already partnering closely with the School District
of Philadelphia on the All-City Music Program, which features the best and brightest
musicians throughout the school district. So it was a natural step to audition those
participants for the Fellowship.”
Director of Instrumental Music Education Maya Jacobs says the auditions can be
daunting. “We have a nice pool of candidates, but we always try to reach out to more.
10
Jessica Griffin
We have to realize that kids are really busy, and a lot of them don’t know about the
program. Some of them are intimidated by the competition. We’re trying to make the
process accessible to more and more students.”
Once chosen, the fellows have access to a treasure trove of support, starting with
weekly private lessons from the best of the best. “The orchestra fellows get to study
with members of The Philadelphia Orchestra,” Jacobs says. “The jazz fellows get lessons
with some of the most famous jazz players in Philadelphia. The fellows also
get financial support: to purchase instruments and for repairs, for sheet music, or to
cover the costs of an audition. We can also help with applying to college or music
school, or dealing with performance anxiety. We’re paving the way for them to be
well-rounded musicians.”
11
One grateful current fellow is Sonya Dobi. She began playing violin when she was eight
years old, thanks to the music instruction program at Robert B. Pollock Elementary
School. She’s now a senior at the Philadelphia High School for the Creative and
Performing Arts (CAPA).
“I had some older friends who were fellows and they kept telling me to audition. And
then some of my teachers did, too, especially my orchestra director, Nanette Foley,
who’s very supportive in finding opportunities for students. But I missed the deadline!
[Kids are really busy!] I kept asking for more information, and finally at the end of my
sophomore year I was able to audition and got in.”
As a fellow, Dobi has lessons every Saturday with Assistant Principal Second Violin
Dara Morales. “And along with that, last year I got to perform on the Plaza Stage at the
Kimmel Center. That was a lot of fun!” She says that’s just one example of the unique
opportunities the Fellowship offers. And they’re not all strictly musical.
“This program has really taught me how to manage spending,” she says. “They offer us
money to spend on music and music supplies, so I’ve had to learn a lot about budgeting.
I’ve also learned to advocate for myself, because I have to reach out when I need
something; for example, when I had to set up lessons with my teacher. I wasn’t very
comfortable with that in the beginning, but it’s really helped me grow in that aspect.”
12
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The 2024–25 orchestra and jazz fellows: Jacob Dennis, tenor saxophone (jazz); Demi Gao, cello
(orchestra); Sonya Dobi, violin (orchestra); Simon Church, piano (jazz); Anna Dubiuk, violin (orchestra);
Lily Toner, bass (jazz); and Elijah Booker, drum set (jazz). Missing are Keith Holmes, tuba (orchestra), and
Emma Jimenez, voice (jazz).
The fellows also get help with what people of a certain age refer to as “sheet music.”
Isn’t everything digital now? “Oh yeah, we’re definitely in a digital age,” Dobi says, “but I
still get sheet music on paper. I like to be able to write notes on it. I also feel way cooler
carrying around music paper than a tablet!”
Now, Dobi is one of those dedicated fellows who tries to convince friends to sign up. The
free music lessons are a huge selling point. But she does meet some resistance. “I think
the biggest objection is from people who don’t want to do music seriously in the future.
And I think that’s a little sad, because music doesn’t have to be just a profession. It can
be a teaching tool, and it also gives you so many important life lessons.”
Recently, Dobi has been very busy preparing for college. But perhaps surprisingly, she
doesn’t plan on majoring in music. “I thought about it very seriously. I was concerned
that maybe the pressure of it, and the competitiveness, would have made me start to
dislike playing, in a way that having it as a hobby or as a minor wouldn’t. I want to keep
music as a part of my life.”
Allen supports Dobi’s plans. “This is about so much more than just performance, music,
theater. None of these things exists in a vacuum. They are also means of expression,
where students can work through life issues. There’s data over many decades that
proves the benefits of arts education in other subject areas. We’re just doing our part
to try to help supplement some of the arts education that might be missing in some
learning environments.”
14
The inaugural season of Orchestra After 5 earned a Best of Philly award from
Philadelphia magazine for “Best Classical Outing,” and the Philadelphia Inquirer called it
“the freshest happy hour in town.”
The series opened in November and continues on January 30 with Holst’s The Planets
led by Daniele Rustioni and featuring the sopranos and altos of the Philadelphia
Symphonic Choir and on March 27 with Shostakovich’s Fifth Symphony led by former
Principal Guest Conductor Nathalie Stutzmann. Learn more about Orchestra After 5
at www.philorch.org.
15
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Intermission
Ms. Alston has produced several commissioned texts for orchestras and choirs
including original narration for Saint-Saëns’s The Carnival of the Animals and
Rimsky-Korsakov’s Sheherazade. Her honors include two honorary Ph.Ds,
a Pew Fellowship in the Arts, and the Circle of Excellence Award from the
National Storytelling Association. She is the recipient of the Commonwealth of
Pennsylvania’s Artist of the Year Award and the Zora Neale Hurston Award, the
highest award bestowed by the National Association of Black Storytellers. In 2023
she received the Distinguished Artist Award at the New Jersey Governor’s Awards
for Excellence in the Arts in Education. In May 2024 she was inducted into her
alma mater South Philadelphia High School’s Cultural Hall of Fame, joining the
ranks of such artists as Marian Anderson.
21
Soloist
JUNO Award-winning and GRAMMY-nominated
Canadian baritone Joshua Hopkins began his 2024–25
season with a debut at the Semperoper Dresden
Simon Pauly
Mr. Hopkins makes his Philadelphia Orchestra subscription debut with these
performances of his most personal project, Songs for Murdered Sisters, which he
also performs with the Naples Philharmonic under Alexander Shelley. Written
by composer Jake Heggie and author Margaret Atwood, Songs for Murdered
Sisters was conceived by Mr. Hopkins in remembrance of his sister, Nathalie
Warmerdam, to bring awareness to ending intimate partner violence. A critically
acclaimed film of the piece, directed by James Niebuhr, is available to watch
on YouTube and the JUNO-nominated digital album, released on the Pentatone
label, is available on all streaming platforms. Elsewhere on the concert stage,
Mr. Hopkins performs Beethoven’s Symphony No. 9 with Montreal’s Orchestre
Métropolitain under Yannick Nézet-Séguin. He also joins Manfred Honeck for
performances with the Chicago Symphony of Haydn’s Mass in Time of War and
with the Pittsburgh Symphony for Fauré’s Requiem and Handel’s Messiah.
Mr. Hopkins appears regularly at the Metropolitan Opera, the Lyric Opera of
Chicago, Houston Grand Opera, the Canadian Opera Company, and the Santa
Fe Opera, among many others. His latest role debuts include Zurga in Bizet’s
The Pearl Fishers at the Théâtre des Champs-Élysées in Paris with Les Grandes
Voix; Cavaliere di Belfiore in a new Christopher Alden production of Verdi’s
Un giorno di regno at Garsington Opera; and Athanaël in a concert version of
Massenet’s Thaïs with the Toronto Symphony, conducted by Andrew Davis and
recorded for Chandos Records, for which he won a JUNO Award. He created
the role of Orpheus in the world premiere of Matthew Aucoin’s Eurydice for his
company debut at LA Opera and reprised the role at the Met; he received his
first GRAMMY nomination in 2023 when the Met’s live recording of Eurydice was
nominated for Best Opera Recording.
22
Framing the Program
Parallel Events Jake Heggie’s Songs for Murdered Sisters was born
of tragedy: the deaths within hours one morning
1909 Music
Mahler Vaughan
in 2015 of three women at the hands of a former
Symphony Williams partner. One of the victims was the sister of our
No. 9 Fantasia on soloist tonight, baritone Joshua Hopkins. Heggie,
a Theme of
in partnership with the celebrated Canadian writer
Thomas Tallis
Literature Margaret Atwood, composed eight songs addressing
Maeterlinck the pain of loss for Hopkins to perform.
L’Oiseau bleu
Art Gustav Mahler, during the final three summers of
Picasso his life, composed Das Lied von der Erde (The Song of
Harlequin
the Earth), his Ninth Symphony, and the beginning
History
Perry reaches of a Tenth Symphony. These works have long been
the North Pole considered a kind of valedictory trilogy. Death
haunted Mahler’s life, beginning with those of many
of his siblings and later of his beloved elder daughter.
A Cry of Sorrow and Call to Action Jake Heggie’s Songs for Murdered Sisters,
likewise, is at once a cry of sorrow and a call for social and political action. It
grew from a real-life tragedy that took place in 2015 at the hands of a Canadian
assassin who, in a single morning, took the lives of three of his ex-partners: Carol
Culleton, Anastasia Kuzyk, and Nathalie Warmerdam.
This brutal act shocked the world and focused attention on the global femicide
epidemic. It became known that Warmerdam was the sister of world-renowned
Canadian baritone Joshua Hopkins, who resolved to use his grief to challenge
men worldwide to take the White Ribbon Pledge—promising “never to commit,
condone, or remain silent about all forms of gender-based violence.” (The White
Ribbon Campaign was founded in Canada in 1991 as a response to the massacre
of female students at Montreal’s École Polytechnique.)
Hopkins’s plight came to the attention of Jake Heggie, who proposed a musical
response. Marshaling the talents of the Canadian author and poet Margaret
Atwood (The Handmaid’s Tale), Heggie composed eight exquisite songs that
addressed, in strikingly intimate terms, the pain of loss. The protagonist here often
sings to the lost loved one directly, evoking a poignancy reminiscent of Schubert’s
Winterreise. (“I was too late, too late to save you / I feel the rage and pain in my
own fingers / Why should he be here still and not you?”)
A Door Opens “I felt so numb after Nathalie’s murder,” said Hopkins, a veteran
of stages worldwide and a favorite at the Metropolitan Opera. “It was … almost
impossible to comprehend. But Margaret’s words and Jake’s music have opened
24
a door, and stepping through it has allowed me to access all my complicated
feelings surrounding Nathalie’s death.”
Atwood, too, felt the impact. “I have known two women who were murdered, both
by jealous former romantic partners, so the killing of Joshua’s sister resonated
with me.” Still, she added, “I could not promise anything. With songs and poems,
they either arrive or they don’t. … Then I wrote the sequence in one session. I
made the ‘sisters’ plural because they are indeed—unhappily—very plural. Sisters,
daughters, mothers. So many.”
The eight poems Atwood crafted were included in a volume of verse published in
November 2020 as Dearly: New Poems. “Margaret sent a perfect, complete set of
eight texts and asked, ‘How about something like this?’” Heggie said. “Josh and I
were stunned and deeply moved. … It was a great honor and privilege to explore
every corner of her poems to shape this musical, emotional journey for Josh.”
The songs follow a path from dazed disbelief and denial (“If this were a story”) to
nightmares, rage, and frantic reflection.
A Composer for the Voice Heggie has become one of the most significant
composers of vocal music today. Among his works are no fewer than 18 operas
(including Dead Man Walking, The End of the Affair, Moby-Dick, It’s a Wonderful Life);
some 30 cycles comprising more than 300 songs; large-scale vocal-orchestral
compositions; and chamber and orchestral music.
Raised in Florida and in Columbus, Ohio, Heggie studied privately with Ernst
Bacon during high school and, after two years of study in Paris, continued as an
undergraduate at the University of California-Los Angeles. Among his teachers
were Roger Bourland, Paul Des Maris, David Raksin, and Johana Harris. Carlisle
Floyd, the late American opera composer, was a mentor.
“You don’t process grief in a linear fashion,” Hopkins has said. “Any emotion
can come up any time you’re experiencing an emotional influx. But meaning
transforms grief in a more peaceful and hopeful experience. These songs have
25
provided that meaning for me.”
—Paul J. Horsley
Paul J. Horsley is performing arts editor for the Independent in Kansas City. Previously he was
program annotator and musicologist for The Philadelphia Orchestra and music and dance critic
for the Kansas City Star.
These are the United States premiere performances of the orchestral version.
The score calls for baritone vocalist, two flutes (II doubling piccolo), oboe, English horn, two clarinets
(II doubling bass clarinet), bassoon, two horns, trumpet, trombone, bass trombone, percussion (bass
drum, castanets, chimes, crotales, glockenspiel, hi-hat, small wood block, suspended cymbal, tam-
tams, tom-toms, triangle, vibraphone [with bow]), harp, and strings.
Are you an evening bird To kill the man who killed you:
Watching the moon That would be only fair:
Singing Alone, Alone,
Singing Dead Too Soon? Him stopped, him nevermore,
In fragments on the floor,
Are you an owl,
Soft-feathered predator? Him shattered.
Are you hunting, restlessly hunting Why should he be here still
The soul of your murderer?
And not you?
I know you are not a bird, Is that what you wish me to do,
Though I know you’ve flown
So far, so far away … Ghost of my sister?
I need you to be somewhere ... Or would you let him live?
27
The Music
Symphony No. 9
Gustav Mahler
Born in Kalischt (Kaliště), Bohemia, July 7, 1860
Died in Vienna, May 18, 1911
Numbering the Ninth “It seems that the Ninth is the limit. He who wants to go
beyond it must pass away. It seems as if something might be imparted to us in
the Tenth for which we are not yet ready. Those who have written a Ninth have
stood too near to the hereafter.” Mahler supposedly shared these superstitions of
Schoenberg’s about composing a ninth symphony, as had concluded the careers
of Beethoven and Bruckner. (Schubert and Dvořák might now appear to be
candidates for this list as well, although their symphonies were not so numbered
in Mahler’s time.)
28
Alma Schindler Mahler, the composer’s widow and an often-unreliable source,
reported that her husband tried to cheat fate after the uplifting Eighth Symphony
by initially calling Das Lied the Ninth, but that he later “crossed the number out.”
Das Lied, left unnumbered, was titled a “Symphony for Tenor and Alto Voice and
Orchestra,” and sets Hans Bethge’s German adaptations of Chinese poetry. After
completing the Symphony we hear tonight, the official Ninth, Mahler allegedly
told her, “Actually, of course, it’s the Tenth, because Das Lied von der Erde was really
the Ninth.” When he began what he evidently intended to be a five-movement
Tenth Symphony in F-sharp, he remarked: “Now the danger is past.” The Ninth
is a work that begins where the haunting final song of Das Lied, “Der Abschied”
(The Farewell), ended. Mahler composed most of the Ninth Symphony during the
summer of 1909. The following one, his last, he sketched the Tenth.
A Farewell Trilogy? The connections between and among these pieces, as well
as their ultimate place in the composer’s output, have made it all too tempting
to view them as pointing toward death, a “farewell” trilogy, the artistic testament
of a dying man. Mahler had, after all, received serious personal blows in 1907:
His beloved elder daughter, Maria Anna, died at the age of four; he resigned an
untenable position, aggravated by anti-Semitism, at the Vienna Court Opera;
and he was diagnosed with a serious heart condition. Mahler accepted a
lucrative offer from the Metropolitan Opera in New York, but returned to Europe
each summer, when he always did most of his composing. By 1909, the year of
the Ninth Symphony, his professional situation in New York had become more
complicated, as had his marriage to the nearly 20-year-younger Alma, who
was soon to begin an affair with the young architect Walter Gropius (later her
second husband). Mahler eventually learned of this liaison and sought relief from
Sigmund Freud in the summer of 1910. There was to be no next summer. The
fatally ill Mahler left New York for Vienna, where he died on May 18.
The blows of 1907 left their mark on his last four years. Mahler commented in
some of his most personal letters that he had to “start a new life.” In 1908, while
composing Das Lied, he remarked on trying to settle into a different location (he
refused to return to the site of his daughter’s death the previous summer): “This
time it is not only a change of place but also a change in a whole way of life. You
can imagine how hard the latter comes to me. For many years I have been used
to constant and vigorous exercise—roaming about in the mountains and woods,
and then, like a kind of jaunty bandit, bearing home my drafts.” The doctors
advised that he curtail not only the long walks that he so treasured, but also
some of his taxing conducting activities. “I stand vis-a-vis de rien” (face to face
with nothing), he wrote to Bruno Walter, “and now, at the end of my life, I have to
begin to learn to walk and stand.”
Mahler and Death And yet we might want to resist what may be too simple
a connection between Mahler’s late works and death. He had, after all, dealt
with the subject extensively in his earlier music. His first known composition,
29
supposedly written at around the age of six (and now lost), was a “Polka with
Introductory Funeral March.” Funeral marches abound in his symphonies,
beginning with the third movement of his First. He wrote his haunting
Kindertotenlieder (Songs on the Death of Children) before the death of his own
child. Moreover, whatever his frustrations, Mahler enjoyed considerable success
in New York. (The final devastating blow of his life was personal, not professional:
learning of Alma’s infidelity.) And, despite the initial warnings from his doctors, he
gradually became more active, conducting the New York Philharmonic, of which
he was music director from 1909 to 1911, in a large number of concerts. The year
of the Ninth he wrote to Walter: “I am experiencing so much more now (in the
last eighteen months [since Maria’s death]), I can hardly talk about it. How should
I attempt to describe such a tremendous crisis! I see everything in such a new
light—am in such a state of flux, sometimes I should hardly be surprised suddenly
to find myself in a new body. (Like Faust in the last scene.) I am thirstier for life
than ever before.”
Mahler provided few comments about the intent or meaning of his last
compositions. Concerning the Ninth, he informed Walter that “the work itself
(insofar as I know it, for I have been writing away at it blindly, and now that I
have begun to orchestrate the last movement I have forgotten the first) is a very
satisfactory addition to my little family.” This is an interesting metaphor, given the
recent loss of his daughter, and may indicate how successfully Mahler sublimated
a wide range of feelings into his music. “In it something is said that I have had on
the tip of my tongue for some time.” His nearly daily letters to Alma, who was at a
spa, speak little about the composition and dwell on more mundane matters.
Mahler’s Private Messages Also revealing are some indications that he scribbled
in the sketches and manuscript. In the first movement of the Ninth he wrote:
“O Youth! Lost! O Love! Vanished!” and in the finale: “O Beauty, Love! Farewell!
Farewell!” (He made similar annotations in the Tenth: “Farewell, my music!
Farewell. Farewell. Farewell” and at the end of the finale: “To live for you! To die
for you, Almschi!”) These were personal notes, not meant for public consumption.
Although they do not appear in the published score, colleagues such as Berg (to
whom Alma gave the draft manuscript of the first three movements in 1923) and
the conductor Willem Mengelberg learned of them and it no doubt influenced
their interpretations. The latter noted in his score: “The Ninth Symphony is:
Farewell from all whom he loved—and from the world!—and from his art, his life,
his music.”
A Closer Look The opening of the first movement (Andante comodo) picks
up harmonically and thematically from the end of Das Lied, with its nine-fold
repetition of the word ewig (forever). The rhythm, presented by cellos and a horn
repeated on the pitch A, returns at crucial structural moments in the movement,
including at the climax “with utmost force.” As early as 1912 (and taken up by
Cooke and Bernstein later), the rhythm was likened to “a very slow heartbeat,
irregular, fractured.” A nostalgic D-major theme gradually emerges in the second
violins, accumulating force through a series of fragments played by strings,
harp, clarinets, and muted horns. The organic growth of the themes marks
one of Mahler’s greatest compositional achievements. Over the past century
commentators have discerned various allusions in this movement, not just to
Mahler’s own music, but also to other compositions, including Johann Strauss,
Jr.’s waltz “Freuet euch des Lebens” (Enjoy Life) and, more tellingly, Beethoven’s
“Les Adieux” (Farewell) Piano Sonata in E-flat, Op. 81a. (This allusion comes at the
point where Mahler wrote “Leb’ wol” [Farewell] in the draft score.) Berg believed
that “The whole movement is permeated with the premonition of death. … Again
and again it occurs, all the elements of worldly dreaming culminate in it … which
is why the tenderest passages are followed by tremendous climaxes like new
eruptions of a volcano.”
The slow first and last movements frame two fast, more ironic central ones.
The marking for the second is Im Tempo eines gemächlichen Ländlers (in the
tempo of a relaxed Ländler). Although it starts innocently, it takes on the flavor
of a “Dance of Death,” as T.W. Adorno observed. The following Rondo-Burleske
31
likewise offers a wide range of moods, including the gestures of popular music of
the sort that brought charges of banality against Mahler. The movement shows
Mahler’s increasing interest in counterpoint, taking his studies of Bach to new
extremes. Fugato mixes with marches, grotesque and angry passages with more
tender moments. A quieter, phantasmagorical middle section looks forward to
the final movement. Adorno called this movement the first major work of new
music.
The concluding Adagio opens with a forceful unison violin theme reminiscent
of two other final works: the slow movement of Bruckner’s Ninth Symphony
and Wagner’s Parsifal, both of which also project lush, hymn-like meditations.
The music plunges into the key of D-flat major. Whereas in some of his earlier
symphonies the tonality progressed upward, for example, in the Fifth Symphony
from C-sharp minor in the first movement to D major in the finale, here the
tonality is regressive, from D major to D-flat. All the Ninth’s movements, except
for the furious coda of the third, end in disintegration, approaching the state of
chamber music. The incredible final page of the Ninth offers the least rousing
finale in the history of music, but undoubtedly one of the most moving. Mahler
provides one further self-allusion, played by the first violins, to the fourth
of his Kindertotenlieder. The unsung song, heard in the first violins, originally
accompanied the words “Der Tag ist schön auf jenen Höh’n” (The day is beautiful
on those heights), telling of the parents’ vision of their dead children at play
on a distant mountain. The music becomes ever softer and stiller, almost more
silence than sound, until we may be reminded of the heartbeat that opened
the Symphony, but now realize it is the consciousness of our own heartbeat. In
this extraordinary way Mahler implicates his listeners in the work, which ends
ersterbend—dying away.
—Christopher H. Gibbs
32
Christopher H. Gibbs is James H. Ottaway Jr. Professor of Music at Bard College and has been
the program annotator for The Philadelphia Orchestra since 2000. He is the author of several
books on Schubert and Liszt, and the co-author, with Richard Taruskin, of The Oxford History of
Western Music, College Edition.
Program notes © 2025. All rights reserved. Program notes may not be reprinted without
written permission from The Philadelphia Orchestra.
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Audience Services
We want you to enjoy each and every concerts, beginning one hour before the
concert experience you share with us. We performance. Conversations are free to
would love to hear about your experience at ticket holders, feature discussions of the
the Orchestra and it would be our pleasure season’s music and music-makers, and
to answer any questions you may have. are supported in part by the Hirschberg-
Please don’t hesitate to contact us Goodfriend Fund in memory of Adolf
via phone at 215.893.1999, in person Hirschberg, established by Juliet J.
in the lobby, or online at philorch.org/ Goodfriend.
contactaudienceservices. Lost and Found: Please call 215.670.2321.
Subscriber Services: Late Seating: Late seating breaks usually
215.893.1955, Mon.–Fri., 9 AM–5 PM
occur after the first piece on the program
Audience Services: or at intermission in order to minimize
215.893.1999 disturbances to other audience members. If
Mon.–Fri., 10 AM–6 PM you arrive after the concert begins, you will
Sat.–Sun., 11 AM–6 PM be seated only when appropriate breaks in
Performance nights open until 8 PM the program allow.
Box Office: Accessible Seating: Accessible seating is
Mon.–Sun., 10 AM–6 PM
available for every performance. Please call
The Academy of Music
Audience Services at 215.893.1999 or visit
Broad and Locust Streets
Philadelphia, PA 19102 philorch.org/patron-services/plan-your-visit/
Tickets: 215.893.1999 accessibility for more information.
Concert dates (two hours before concert Assistive Listening: With the deposit of a
time and through intermission): current ID, hearing enhancement devices
The Kimmel Center are available at no cost from the House
Broad and Spruce Streets Management Office in Commonwealth
Philadelphia, PA 19102 Plaza. Hearing devices are available on a
Web Site: For information about The first-come, first-served basis.
Philadelphia Orchestra and its upcoming Large-Print Programs: Large-print
concerts or events, please visit philorch.org. programs for every subscription concert are
Individual Tickets: Don’t assume that your available in the House Management Office
favorite concert is sold out. Subscriber turn- in Commonwealth Plaza. Please ask an
ins and other special promotions can make usher for assistance.
last-minute tickets available. Visit us online Fire Notice: The exit indicated by a red light
at philorch.org or call us at 215.893.1999 and nearest your seat is the shortest route to the
ask for assistance. street. In the event of fire or other emergency,
Subscriptions: The Philadelphia Orchestra please do not run. Walk to that exit.
offers a variety of subscription options No Smoking: All public space in Ensemble
each season. These multi-concert packages Arts Philly venues is smoke-free.
feature the best available seats, ticket
exchange privileges, discounts on individual Cameras and Recorders: The taking of
tickets, and many other benefits. Learn photographs or the recording of Philadelphia
more at philorch.org. Orchestra concerts is strictly prohibited, but
Ticket Turn-In: Subscribers who cannot use photographs are allowed before and after
their tickets are invited to donate them and concerts and during bows. By attending
receive a tax-deductible acknowledgement this Philadelphia Orchestra concert you
by calling 215.893.1999. Twenty-four-hour consent to be photographed, filmed, and/
notice is appreciated, allowing other or otherwise recorded for any purpose in
patrons the opportunity to purchase these connection with The Philadelphia Orchestra.
tickets and guarantee tax-deductible credit. Electronic Devices: All watch alarms should
PreConcert Conversations: PreConcert be turned off while in the concert hall and
Conversations are held prior to most all cellular phones should be switched to
Philadelphia Orchestra subscription silent mode.
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Board of Trustees
The Philadelphia Orchestra and Kimmel Center, Inc.
BOARD OF TRUSTEES Richelle Rabenou* Edward A. Montgomery, Jr.
Ralph W. Muller, Chair Jon Michael Richter Hilarie L. Morgan
Caroline B. Rogers Henry N. Nassau
Ryan Fleur Charles E. Ryan Jeremiah P. O’Grady
Interim President and Kerri Ryan* Charles Pizzi
Chief Executive Officer Adele K. Schaeffer Robert Pollack
Yannick Nézet-Séguin Dianne Semingson* Hon. Marjorie O. Rendell
Music and Artistic Director, Peter L. Shaw Lyn M. Ross
The Philadelphia Orchestra Adrienne Simpson David B. Rubenstein
Matthew A. Taylor John F. Salveson
James P. Brandau Jennifer F. Terry Molly Shepard
Patrick J. Brennan, M.D. Sherry Varrelman Richard L. Smoot
Jeffrey Brown Michael R. Vennera Leonard A. Sylk
Karen Buchholz Rev. Dr. Alyn Waller Sheldon L. Thompson
Elaine Woo Camarda Nathaniel West* Brian P. Tierney
Joseph Ciresi Rob Wilson Charles K. Valutas
Michael M. Cone Richard B. Worley Ramona Vosbikian
Joseph Conyers* Joseph Zebrowitz James W. Zug
Robert R. Corrato Bin Zhang
Sarah Miller Coulson Michael D. Zisman As of December 2024
Robert J. Delany, Sr. James W. Zug*
Mark S. Dichter
Jeff Dittus *Ex-officio
Joseph M. Field
Ryan Fleur* THE PHILADELPHIA
Mark J. Foley ORCHESTRA AND
John Fry KIMMEL CENTER, INC.,
Lauren Gilchrist PRESIDENT’S LEADERSHIP
Donald A. Goldsmith COUNCIL
Juliet J. Goodfriend
Julia Haller, M.D. Peter A. Benoliel
Robert C. Heim Robert Bogle
Nina Henderson Sheldon M. Bonovitz
Osagie O. Imasogie Kathleen P. Chimicles
Patricia Harron Imbesi Gerard P. Cuddy
Erika H. James, Ph.D. Peter Dachowski
Philip P. Jaurigue Kenneth E. Davis
Kenyatta Johnson* Rodney D. Day III
Bennett Keiser Peter Dean
Christopher M. Keith Thomas A. Decker
David Kim* James Dougherty
Neal W. Krouse Stacy M. Dutton
Lauren Lambrugo* Carole Haas Gravagno
Joan Lau William P. Hankowsky
Brook J. Lenfest H. Edward Hanway
Jeffrey A. Leonard Martin A. Heckscher, Esq.
Bruce G. Leto David F. Hoffman
Tod J. MacKenzie Joseph H. Jacovini
Joseph M. Manko, Sr. Lisa D. Kabnick
David G. Marshall* Ronald L. Kaiserman
John H. McFadden Susan Y. Kim
Jami Wintz McKeon Frederick W. Kyle
Stan Middleman Elizabeth M. Mahoney
Dara Morales* David G. Marshall
Ralph W. Muller Sandra G. Marshall
Yannick Nézet-Séguin* Joseph J. McLaughlin, Jr.
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Your Support
Makes a Difference!
The Philadelphia Orchestra depends on support from patrons like you to
share the transformative power of the performing arts and arts education
with the widest possible audience. The generosity of our donors makes it
possible to present hundreds of performances each season, including free
community and education events for audiences of all ages.
• Ticket discounts
Join us today!
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How to
Make a Gift Jessica Griffin
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Annual Fund
Philanthropic support inspires Artistic Council Presenters Circle
and sustains Your Philadelphia $500,000 and above $50,000 to $74,999
Orchestra’s work on stage, in Estate of M.J. Fischer Estate of Jean Bodine
our local communities, and Otto Haas Charitable Trust Judith Broudy
around the world. We are proud Leslie A. Miller and In memory of Gail and George
to recognize our generous Richard B. Worley Ehrlich
Annual Fund donors by name on Constance and Sankey Williams Estate of Thomas and Floramae
this and subsequent pages. We Wyncote Foundation Force
extend our deepest gratitude Nina Henderson
to every donor, including those Artistic Council Bennett Keiser and
listed anonymously and at levels $125,000 to $499,999 Joy Wilf Keiser
not included in this program. Elaine W. Camarda and Marguerite and Gerry* Lenfest
A. Morris Williams, Jr. Joseph M. Manko, in loving
For more information about CHG Charitable Trust memory of Lynn Manko
donating to the Annual Fund at Tatiana Copeland Joe Neubauer and
any level, please contact us at Tobey and Mark Dichter Jeanette Lerman-Neubauer
215.893.3151 or development@ Edith R. Dixon* Estate of Susanne S. Robinson
philorch.org, or visit philorch.org/ Jerome L. and Thao Dodson Mr. Charles Ryan
donate. Susan and Jonas Ellenberg Salkind Family Foundation
Estate of Robert T. Foley Mr. Oscar Tang and
Contributions listed were received Estate of Dorothy Renc Gray Dr. Agnes Hsu-Tang
between February 1, 2023, and Osagie and Losenge Imasogie Dr. Cecilia Segawa Seigle
November 13, 2024. Please contact Innisfree Foundation Tannenbaum
us if our name has been omitted in Gretchen and M. Roy Jackson Carol Tyler
error or if you would like to update Rachelle and Ronald Kaiserman Bin Zhang and Liqun Qian
your recognition name. James and Agnes Kim Zisman Family Foundation
Foundation
Neal Krouse Presenters Circle
John H. McFadden and $25,000 to $49,999
Lisa D. Kabnick Janet M. Andereck
Ralph and Beth Johnston Muller Donald E. Barb, Esq., and
Estate of Dr. Betty T. Richards the Rev. Bruce H. Davidson
Caroline B. Rogers Peter A. Benoliel and Willo Carey
Peter and Mari Shaw James and Micaela Brandau
Dr. and Mrs. Joseph B. Townsend Naomi* and Stephen Breman
Waterman Trust Lois and Julian Brodsky
Estates of Dr. and Mrs. Robert Robert and Julie J. Bryan
Williams Karen and Carl* Buchholz
Anonymous Mr. and Mrs. Christopher B.
Chandor
Presenters Circle Christos Coutifaris and
$75,000 to $124,999 Deborah Driscoll
Veronica Atkins Alexandra Edsall and
Estate of Sherrin H. Baky-Nessler Robert Victor
Estate of Dr. Noel Cawley Mr. and Mrs. John Fry
Dr. Alan R. Cohen and Barbara and Jerome Glickman
Michele Langer Linda and David Glickstein
Estate of Dr. Barbara Comins Juliet J. Goodfriend and
Constance and Michael Cone Marc R. Moreau
Sarah Miller Coulson Julia A. Haller, M.D., and
Dr. James F. Dougherty John D. Gottsch, M.D.
Joseph and Marie Field Nancy S. Halpern
Dr. Brett B. Gutsche Ed and Ellen Hanway
Robert Heim and Kerry and Rod Henkels
Eileen Kennedy Ann S. and Steven B. Hutton
Richard M. Klein Patricia and John Imbesi
Estate of Howard Spodek Gay and Donald Kimelman
Mr. and Mrs. Chris Keith
In honor of Katherine O. Leone
Mr. and Mrs. Bruce Leto
Chris and Jeffrey Libson
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Philadelphia Orchestra concerts are supported by grants from the Annenberg Foundation; the Commonwealth
of Pennsylvania, Department of Community and Economic Development; the National Endowment for the
Arts; and the Pennsylvania Council on the Arts, a state agency funded by the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania.
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Mitch Bassion
Chief Philanthropy Officer
mbassion@philorch.org
215.893.1811
Pete Checchia
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Administrative Staff
The Philadelphia Orchestra and Ensemble Arts
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