CBSE sample paper, 2023

Time Allowed: 3 Hours Maximum Marks: 70

General Instructions:
(i) There are 35 questions in all. All questions are compulsory
(ii) This question paper has five sections: Section A, Section B, Section C, Section D and Section E. All
the sections are compulsory.
(iii) Section A contains eighteen MCQs of 1 mark each, Section B contains seven questions of two marks
each, Section C contains five questions of three marks each, Section D contains three long questions
of five marks each and Section E contains two case study based questions of 4 marks each.
(iv) There is no overall choice. However, an internal choice has been provided in section B, C, D and E.
You have to attempt only one of the choices in such questions.
(v) Use of calculators is not allowed.

Section–A
1. According to Coulomb’s law, which is the correct relation for the following figure? 1
q1 q2
F 12 F 21
1 > q1
(a) q1 q2 > 0 (b) q1 q2 < 0 (c) q1 q2 = 0 (d)
q2 > 0
2. The electric potential on the axis of an electric dipole at a distance ‘r’ from it’s centre is V. Then the potential
at a point at the same distance on its equatorial line will be 1
(a) 2 V (b) –V (c) V/2 (d) Zero
3. The temperature (T) dependence of resistivity of materials A and material B is represented by fig (i) and
fig (ii) respectively. Identify material A and material B. 1

r r

T T
Fig (i) Fig (ii)
(a) Material A is copper and material B is germanium.
(b) Material A is germanium and material B is copper.
(c) Material A is nichrome and material B is germanium.
(d) Material A is copper and material B is nichrome.

Cbse Sample Paper, 2023 13

 4. Two concentric and coplanar circular loops P and Q have their radii in the ratio 2 : 3. Loop Q carries a current
9 A in the anticlockwise direction. For the magnetic field to be zero at the common centre, loop P must carry 1
(a) 3 A in clockwise direction. (b) 9 A in clockwise direction.
(c) 6 A in anti-clockwise direction. (d) 6 A in the clockwise direction.
5. A long straight wire of circular cross section of radius a carries a steady current I. The current is uniformly
distributed across its cross section. The ratio of the magnitudes of magnetic field at a point distant a/2 above
the surface of wire to that at a point distant a/2 below its surface is 1
(a) 4 : 1 (b) 1 : 1 (c) 4 : 3 (d) 3 : 4
6. If the magnetizing field on a ferromagnetic material is increased, its permeability 1
(a) decreases. (b) increases.
(c) remains unchanged. (d) first decreases and then increases.
7. An iron cored coil is connected in series with an electric bulb with an AC source as shown in figure. When iron
piece is taken out of the coil, the brightness of the bulb will 1

(a) decrease. (b) increase. (c) remain unaffected. (d) fluctuate.

8. Which of the following statement is NOT true about the properties of electromagnetic waves? 1
(a) These waves do not require any material medium for their propagation.
(b) Both electric and magnetic field vectors attain the maxima and minima at the same time.
(c) The energy in electromagnetic wave is divided equally between electric and magnetic fields.
(d) Both electric and magnetic field vectors are parallel to each other.
9. A rectangular, a square, a circular and an elliptical loop, all in the (x-y) plane, are moving out of a uniform
magnetic field with a constant velocity v = vit .The magnetic field is directed along the negative z-axis direction.
The induced emf, during the passage of these loops, out of the field region, will not remain constant for 1
(a) any of the four loops.
(b) the circular and elliptical loops.
(c) the rectangular, circular and elliptical loops.
(d) only the elliptical loops.
10. In a Young’s double slit experiment, the path difference at a certain point on the screen between two interfering
1
waves is th of the wavelength. The ratio of intensity at this point to that at the centre of a bright fringe is
8
close to 1
(a) 0.80 (b) 0.74 (c) 0.94 (d) 0.85
11. The work function for a metal surface is 4.14 eV. The threshold wavelength for this metal surface is 1
(a) 4125 Å (b) 2062.5 Å (c) 3000 Å (d) 6000 Å
12. The radius of the innermost electron orbit of a hydrogen atom is 5.3 × 10 –11 m. The radius of the
n =3 orbit is 1
(a) 1.01 × 10–10 m (b) 1.59 × 10–10 m
(c) 2.12 × 10–10 m (d) 4.77 × 10–10 m

14 Together with ® EAD Physics—12

 13. Which of the following statements about nuclear forces is not true? 1
(a) The nuclear force between two nucleons falls rapidly to zero as their distance is more than a few femtometres.
(b) The nuclear force is much weaker than the Coulomb force.
(c) The force is attractive for distances larger than 0.8 fm and repulsive if they are separated by distances less
than 0.8 fm.
(d) The nuclear force between neutron-neutron, proton-neutron and proton-proton is approximately the same.
14. If the reading of the voltmeter V1 is 40 V, then the reading of voltmeter V2 is 1
V2

V1

50 2 sin ωt

(a) 30 V (b) 58 V (c) 29 V (d) 15 V

15. The electric potential V as a function of distance X is shown in the figure.
V

X
0 2 4 6

The graph of the magnitude of electric field intensity E as a function of X is 1

(a) +E
(b) +E

0 X 0 X
2 4 6 2 4 6

–E –E

(c) (d)
+E +E

0 X 0 X
2 4 6 2 4 6

–E –E

16. Two statements are given-one labelled Assertion (A) and the other labelled Reason (R). Select the correct
answer to these questions from the codes (a), (b), (c) and (d) as given below. 1
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true and R is NOT the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false and R is also false.
Assertion (A): The electrical conductivity of a semiconductor increases on doping.
Reason (R): Doping always increases the number of electrons in the semiconductor.

Cbse Sample Paper, 2023 15

 17. Two statements are given-one labelled Assertion (A) and the other labelled Reason (R). Select the correct
answer to these questions from the codes (a), (b), (c) and (d) as given below. 1
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true and R is NOT the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false and R is also false.
Assertion (A): In an interference pattern observed in Young’s double slit experiment, if the separation (d)
between coherent sources as well as the distance (D) of the screen from the coherent sources both are reduced
to 1/3rd, then new fringe width remains the same.
Reason (R): Fringe width is proportional to (d/D).
18. Two statements are given-one labelled Assertion (A) and the other labelled Reason (R). Select the correct
answer to these questions from the codes (a), (b), (c) and (d) as given below. 1
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true and R is NOT the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false and R is also false.
Assertion (A): The photoelectrons produced by a monochromatic light beam incident on a metal surface have
a spread in their kinetic energies.
Reason (R): The energy of electrons emitted from inside the metal surface, is lost in collision with the other
atoms in the metal.

Section–b
19. Electromagnetic waves with wavelength
(i) λ1 is suitable for radar systems used in aircraft navigation.
(ii) λ2 is used to kill germs in water purifiers.
(iii) λ3 is used to improve visibility in runways during fog and mist conditions.
Identify and name the part of the electromagnetic spectrum to which these radiations belong. Also arrange
these wavelengths in ascending order of their magnitude. 2
20. A uniform magnetic field gets modified as shown in figure when two specimens A and B are placed in it.

(a) (b)
(i) Identify the specimen A and B.
(ii) How is the magnetic susceptibility of specimen A different from that of specimen B? 2
125 27
21. What is the nuclear radius of Fe, if that of
Al is 3.6 fermi?. 2
OR
The short wavelength limit for the Lyman series of the hydrogen spectrum is 913.4 A 0. Calculate the short
wavelength limit for the Balmer series of the hydrogen spectrum.
22. A biconvex lens made of a transparent material of refractive index 1.25 is immersed in water of refractive index
1.33. Will the lens behave as a converging or a diverging lens? Justify your answer. 2
23. The figure shows a piece of pure semiconductor S in series with a variable resistor R and a source of constant
voltage V. Should the value of R be increased or decreased to keep the reading of the ammeter constant, when
semiconductor S is heated? Justify your answer 2

16 Together with ® EAD Physics—12

 S

V R
OR
The graph of potential barrier versus width of depletion region for an unbiased diode is shown in graph A. In
comparison to A ,graphs B and C are obtained after biasing the diode in different ways. Identify the type of
biasing in B and C and justify your answer.
‘A’ ‘B’ ‘C’

V(x) V(x) V(x)

x x x
24. A narrow slit is illuminated by a parallel beam of monochromatic light of wavelength λ equal to 6000 Å and the angular
width of the central maximum in the resulting diffraction pattern is measured. When the slit is next illuminated
by light of wavelength λ’, the angular width decreases by 30%. Calculate the value of the wavelength λ’. 2
25. Two large, thin metal plates are parallel and close to each other. On their inner faces, the plates have surface
charge densities of opposite signs and of magnitude 17.7 × 10–22 C/m2. What is electric field intensity E
(a) in the outer region of the first plate, and
(b) between the plates? 2

Section–c
26. Two long straight parallel conductors carrying currents I1 and I2 are separated by a distance d. If the currents
are flowing in the same direction, show how the magnetic field produced by one exerts an attractive force on
the other. Obtain the expression for this force and hence define 1 ampere. 3
27. The magnetic field through a circular loop of wire, 12 cm in radius and 8.5 Ω resistance, changes with time as
shown in the figure. The magnetic field is perpendicular to the plane of the loop. Calculate the current induced
in the loop and plot a graph showing induced current as a function of time. 3
B(T)

0 2 4 6 t(s)

28. An a.c. source generating a voltage ε = ε0 sin ωt is connected to a capacitor of capacitance C. Find the expression
for the current I flowing through it. Plot a graph of ε and I versus wt to show that the current is ahead of the
voltage by π/2.3
OR
An ac voltage V = V0 sin wt is applied across a pure inductor of inductance L. Find an expression for the
current i, flowing in the circuit and show mathematically that the current flowing through it lags behind the
π
applied voltage by a phase angle of . Also draw graphs of V and i versus wt for the circuit.
2

Cbse Sample Paper, 2023 17

 29. Radiation of frequency 1015 Hz is incident on three photosensitive surfaces A, B and C. Following observations
are recorded:

Surface A: no photoemission occurs

Surface B: photoemission occurs but the photoelectrons have zero kinetic energy.

Surface C: photo emission occurs and photoelectrons have some kinetic energy.
Using Einstein’s photo-electric equation, explain the three observations. 3
OR
The graph shows the variation of photocurrent for a photosensitive metal

Photocurrent
A O X

(a) What does X and A on the horizontal axis represent?

(b) Draw this graph for three different values of frequencies of incident radiation n1, n2 and n3 (n3 > n2 > n1)
for the same intensity.
(c) Draw this graph for three different values of intensities of incident radiation I1, I2 and I3 (I3 > I2 > I1)
having the same frequency.
30. The ground state energy of hydrogen atom is – 13.6 eV. The photon emitted during the transition of electron from
n = 3 to n = 1 state, is incident on a photosensitive material of unknown work function. The photoelectrons
are emitted from the material with the maximum kinetic energy of 9 eV. Calculate the threshold wavelength of
the material used. 3

Section–d
31. (a) Draw equipotential surfaces for (i) an electric dipole and (ii) two identical positive charges placed near
each other.
(b) In a parallel plate capacitor with air between the plates, each plate has an area of 6 × 10–3 m2 and the
separation between the plates is 3 mm.
(i) Calculate the capacitance of the capacitor.
(ii) If the capacitor is connected to 100 V supply, what would be the charge on each plate?
(iii) How would charge on the plate be affected if a 3 mm thick mica sheet of k = 6 is inserted between
the plates while the voltage supply remains connected ? 5
OR
(a) Three charges – q, Q and – q are placed at equal distances on a straight line. If the potential energy of the
system of these charges is zero, then what is the ratio Q : q?
(b) (i) Obtain the expression for the electric field intensity due to a uniformly charged spherical shell of
radius R at a point distant r from the centre of the shell outside it.
(ii) Draw a graph showing the variation of electric field intensity E with r, for r > R and r < R.
32. (a) Explain the term drift velocity of electrons in a conductor. Hence obtain the expression for the current
through a conductor in terms of drift velocity.
(b) Two cells of emfs E1 and E2 and internal resistances r1 and r2 respectively are connected in parallel as shown
in the figure.

18 Together with ® EAD Physics—12

 Deduce the expression for the
(i) equivalent emf of the combination
(ii) equivalent internal resistance of the combination
(iii) potential difference between the points A and B.5
E1,r1

I I
A B

E2,r2

OR
(a) State the two Kirchhoff’s rules used in the analysis of electric circuits and explain them.
(b) Derive the equation of the balanced state in a Wheatstone bridge using Kirchhoff’s laws.
33. (a) Draw the graph showing intensity distribution of fringes with phase angle due to diffraction through a single
slit. What is the width of the central maximum in comparison to that of a secondary maximum?
(b) A ray PQ is incident normally on the face AB of a triangular prism of refracting angle 60° as shown in
2
figure. The prism is made of a transparent material of refractive index . Trace the path of the ray as
3
it passes through the prism. Calculate the angle of emergence and the angle of deviation. 5
A
P
60°

B C
OR
(a) Write two points of difference between an interference pattern and a diffraction pattern.
(b) (i) A ray of light incident on face AB of an equilateral glass prism, shows minimum deviation of 30°.
Calculate the speed of light through the prism.
A

B C

(ii) Find the angle of incidence at face AB so that the emergent ray grazes along the face AC.

Cbse Sample Paper, 2023 19

 Section–e
34. Case Study
Read the following paragraph and answer the questions.
A number of optical devices and instruments have been designed and developed such as periscope, binoculars,
microscopes and telescopes utilising the reflecting and refracting properties of mirrors, lenses and prisms. Most
of them are in common use. Our knowledge about the formation of images by the mirrors and lenses is the
basic requirement for understanding the working of these devices.
(i) Why the image formed at infinity is often considered most suitable for viewing. Explain
(ii) In modern microscopes multicomponent lenses are used for both the objective and the eyepiece. Why?
(iii) Write two points of difference between a compound microscope and an astronomical telescope.
OR
(iii) Write two distinct advantages of a reflecting type telescope over a refracting type telescope. 4
35. Case study: Light emitting diode
Read the following paragraph and answer the questions
LED is a heavily doped P-N junction which under forward bias emits spontaneous radiation. When it is forward
biased, due to recombination of holes and electrons at the junction, energy is released in the form of photons.
In the case of Si and Ge diode, the energy released in recombination lies in the infrared region. LEDs that
can emit red, yellow, orange, green and blue light are commercially available. The semiconductor used for
fabrication of visible LEDs must at least have a band gap of 1.8 eV. The compound semiconductor Gallium
Arsenide – Phosphide is used for making LEDs of different colours.

LEDs of different kinds

(i) Why are LEDs made of compound semiconductor and not of elemental semiconductors?
(ii) What should be the order of band gap of an LED, if it is required to emit light in the visible range?
(iii) A student connects the blue coloured LED as shown in the figure. The LED did not glow when switch
S is closed. Explain why? 4
1.5 V
S

R
LED
OR
(iii) Draw V-I characteristic of a p-n junction diode in (i) forward bias and (ii) reverse bias.

20 Together with ® EAD Physics—12

 Answers
1. (b) q1q2 < 0
2. (d) zero
3. (b) material A is germanium and material B is copper
4. (d) 6 A in the clockwise direction
5. (c) 4 : 3
6. (a) decreases
7. (b) increase
8. (d) Both electric and magnetic field vectors are parallel to each other.
9. (b) the circular and elliptical loops
10. (d) 0.85
11. (c) 3000 Å
12. (d) 4.77 × 10–10 m
13. (b) The nuclear force is much weaker than the Coulomb force.
14. (a) 30 V
15. (a)
16. (c) A is true but R is false.
17. (c) A is true but R is false.
18. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
19. λ1 – microwave
λ2 – ultraviolet
λ3 – infrared
Ascending order – λ2 < λ3 < λ1.
20. A – diamagnetic
B – paramagnetic
The magnetic susceptibility of A is small negative and that of B is small positive.
21. From the relation R = R0 A1/3, where R0 is a constant and A is the mass number of a nucleus
RFe AFe 1/3 125 1/3
= f p =c m
RAl AAl 27
5 5
RFe = R = × 3.6 = 6 fermi
3 Al 3
OR
Given short wavelength limit of Lyman series
1 1 1 1
= Rd 2 – 3 n ⇒ = Rd 2 – 3 n
1 1

λL 1 913.4 Å 1
1
lL = = 913.4 Å
R
For the short wavelength limit of Balmer series n1 = 2, n2 = ∞
1 1
= Rd 2 – 3 n
1

λ B 2
4
lB = = 4 × 913.4 Å = 3653.6 Å
R

Cbse Sample Paper, 2023 21

 1 1 µm 1 1
= (µ – 1) e o ⇒ – 1p e o
1 1
22. – =f –
f R1 R 2 f µ w
R1 R2
µm 1.25 µm
= ⇒ = 0.98
µw 1.33 µw
The value of (μ – 1) is negative and ‘f’ will be negative. So it will behave like diverging lens.
23. To keep the reading of ammeter constant value of R should be increased as with the increase in temperature
of a semiconductor, its resistance decreases and current tends to increase.
OR
B – reverse biased
In the case of reverse biased diode the potential barrier becomes higher as the battery further raises the potential
of the n side.
C – forward biased
Due to forward bias connection the potential of P side is raised and hence the height of the potential barrier
decreases.
2λ
24. Angular width 2φ =
d
Given λ = 6000 Å
In case of new λ (assumed λ′ here), angular width decreases by 30%
New angular width = 0.70 (2φ)
2λ
= 0.70 × c m
2λl

d d
∴
λ′ = 4200 Å
A B
25. Surface charge density of plate A = +17.7 × 10–22 C/m2
Surface charge density of plate B = –17.7 × 10–22 C/m2
(a) In the outer region of plate I, electric field intensity E is zero.
(b) Electric field intensity E in between the plates is given by relation I II III
σ
E=
ε0
Where,
e0 = Permittivity of free space = 8.85 × 10–12 N–1 C2 m–2

17.7 × 10 –22
∴
E=
8.85 × 10 –12
Therefore, electric field between the plates is 2.0 × 10–10 N/C.
26. Let XX′ and YY′ be the two long parallel straight conductors carrying currents i1 and i2 respectively in the same
direction and placed in vacuum or air at a distance R metre apart.
X′ Y′ X′ Y′

i1 i2 i1 i2

FX FY FX FY
X X X

R
X Y X Y

22 Together with ® EAD Physics—12

 The magnitude of magnetic field at each  point on Y′ due to current i1 in XX′ is given by
µ0 i1
B1 = ⋅
2π R
According to the right-hand palm rule, the direction of B1 is perpendicular to the plane of paper, directed
inward.
The conductor YY′, carrying current i2 is situated in magnetic field B1 produced by the current i1 in XX′.
Therefore, the length of YY′ experiences a force which is given by
µ0 i1
FY = i2B1l = i2 $ $l
2π R
∴ Force per unit length of YY′ is given by
FY µ0 i1i2
= $
l 2π R
Fleming’s left-hand rule shows that the direction of this force is towards XX′.
Similarly, the force experienced per unit length of XX′ due to current in YY′ is given by
FX µ0 i1i2
= $
l 2π R
According to the Fleming’s left-hand rule, the direction of force will be towards YY′. Thus, the wires attract.
Now, let i1 = i2 = 1 ampere, R = 1 metre, µ0= 4π × 10–7 Tm A–1
F 4 π × 10 –7 × 1 × 1
∴ = = 2 × 10–7 newton/metre
l 2π × 1
Thus, one ampere is the value of that steady current which, when maintained in each of the two very long,
straight, parallel conductors of negligible cross-section, and placed one metre apart in vacuum, would exert on
each of these conductors a force equal to 2 × 10–7 newtons per metre of length.
27. Area of the circular loop = pr2 = 3.14 × (0.12)2 m2 = 4.5 × 10–2 m2
dφ d dB B2 – B1
E=– =– (BA) = – A =– A
dt dt dt t2 – t1
For 0 < t < 2s
1–0
E1 = – 4.5 × 10–2 × ' 1 = –2.25 × 10–2 V
4–2
E1 –2.25 × 10 –2
\
I1 = = A = – 2.6 × 10–3 A = –2.6 mA
R 8.5
For 2s < t < 4s,
1–1
E2 = – 4.5 × 10–2 × ' 1=0 2.6
4–2
E2
\
I2 = =0 I
R (mA) O
2 4 6
For 4s < t < 6s, t(s)
–2
0–1
×' 1 A = 2.6 mA
4.5 × 10
I3 = – –2.6
8.5 6–4

0 < t < 2s 2 < t < 4s 4 < t < 6s

E(V) –0.023 0 +0.023
I(mA) –2.6 0 +2.6

Cbse Sample Paper, 2023 23

 28.  e = e0 sin wt
C
dq
\ At any instant, electric current, I =
,
dt

where q = instantaneous charge = Ce ,
   q = Ce0 sin wt e = e0 sin wt

d
Electric current, I = (Cε0 sin ωt)
dt e, I
I = e0 wC cos w t
e
ε0 ε0
I= cos ωt = cos ωt e0 I
1 XC I0
ωC p/2 2p
O p 3p/2 wt
I = I0 cos wt
I = I0 sin (wt + p/2)
\ Electric current will lead e by a phase angle of p/2.

Or
Applied ac voltage, V = V0 sin ωt …(i)
An emf induced in the inductor is given by
dI
ε=–L
dt
In order to maintain the flow of current through the inductor, we must have
V=–ε
dI
i.e. V=L
dt
dI V V0
⇒  = = sin ωt
dt L L
V
\ y dI = L0 y sin ωt dt
V0 V0
⇒  I= (– cos ωt) = sin(ωt – π/2)
Lω Lω
I = I0 sin (ωt – π/2)…(ii)
V0 V0
where I0 = = (Q XL = Lω)
Lω XL
From equations (i) and (ii), we conclude that the current lags behind the voltage by a phase angle π/2.

V0

I0
V, I

O p
p/2 3p/2 2p

wt

24 Together with ® EAD Physics—12

 29. From the observations made (parts A and B) on the basis of Einstein’s photoelectric equation, we can draw
following conclusions:
1. For surface A, the threshold frequency is more than 1015 Hz, hence no photoemission is possible.
2. For surface B the threshold frequency is equal to the frequency of given radiation. Thus, photo-emission
takes place but kinetic energy of photoelectrons is zero.
3. For surface C, the threshold frequency is less than 1015 Hz. So photoemission occurs and photoelectrons
have some kinetic energy.
OR
(a) A – cut off or stopping potential
X – anode potential
(b)

Photoelectric
current
n3 > n2 > n1

n3 Saturation current
n2
n1

– V03 – V02 – V01 O

Collector plate
Retarding potential potential
Figure: variation of photoelectric current with collector plate
potential for different frequencies of incident radiation.
(c)
Photocurrent

I3 > I 2 > I 1
I3

I2

I1
Stopping potential

– V0 O Collector plate
Retarding potential potential
Figure: variation of photocurrent with collector plate
potential for different intensity of incident radiation.

30. For a transition from n = 3 to n =1 state, the energy of the emitted photon,
1 1
hn = E2 – E1 = 13.6 = 2 – 2 G eV = 12.1 eV.
1 3
From Einstein’s photoelectric equation,
hn = Kmax + W0
∴
W0 = ℎn − Kmax = 12.1 − 9 = 3.1 eV
Threshold wavelength,
hc 6.62 × 10 –34 × 3 × 108
λth = = = 4 × 10–7 m
W0 3.1 × 1.6 × 10 –19

Cbse Sample Paper, 2023 25

 31. (a)

(a) (b)
Some equipotential surface for (a) a dipole. (b) two identical positive charges.

Here, A = 6 × 10–3 m2, d = 3 mm = 3 × 10–3 m

ε0 A 8.85 × 10 –12 × 6 × 10 –3
(b) (i) Capacitance, C = = = 17.7 × 10–12 F
d 3 × 10 –3
(ii) Charge, Q = CV =17.7 × 10–12 × 100 = 17.7 × 10–10 C
(iii) New charge Q′= KQ = 6 × 17.7 × 10–10 =1.062 × 10–8 C
OR
(a) –q Q –q

x x
A B C

k (–q) Q kQ (–q) k (–q) (–q)

+ + =0
x x 2x
–2kqQ kq 2 kq 2 2kqQ
+ = 0 or =
x 2x 2x x
Q 1
q = 4Q or =
q 4
(b) Electric field due to a uniformly charged thin spherical shell:
Gaussian surface
E

P ds
R r

O
Charged
spherical shell

(i) When point P lies outside the spherical shell: Suppose that we have calculate field at the point P
at a distance r (r > R) from its centre. Draw Gaussian surface through point P so as to enclose
the charged spherical shell. Gaussian surface is a spherical surface of radius r and centre O.
Let E be the electric field at point P, then the electric flux through area element of area ds is
given by
dφ = E . ds
Since ds is also along normal to the surface
dφ = EdS
∴ Total electric flux through the Gaussian surface is given by
φ= y Eds = E y ds

26 Together with ® EAD Physics—12

 Now, y ds = 4pr2 …(i)
2
= E × 4pr
Since the charge enclosed by the Gaussian surface is q, according to the Gauss’s theorem,
q
φ= …(ii)
ε0
From equation (i) and (ii) we obtain
q
E × 4pr2 =
ε0
1 q
E= . (for r > R)
4πε0 r 2

(ii) A graph showing the variation of electric field as a function of r is shown below.
E(N/C)

E0

1
E∝ 2
r

r(m)
R

32. (a) Drift velocity: It is the average velocity acquired by the free electrons superimposed over the random
motion in the direction opposite to electric field and along the length of the metallic conductor.

Consider a conductor of length l, area of cross-section A and having number density of free electrons n.
On establishing the potential difference across the conductor, suppose the electrons drift from lower
potential to higher potential side with velocity vd . The volume of the conductor covered by an electron in
unit time is
V = vd  A…(i)
[Q Volume = Al and l = vd × t, Q t = 1 sec \ l = vd]
Electrons occupying the volume in unit time is
N = nvd   A…(ii)
Thus, the charge flow through any cross-section of the conductor in unit time is
q = envd  A…(iii)
According to the definition, the electric current is the rate of flow of charge through any cross-section of
the conductor. Hence,
q
I= (Q t = 1 s)
t
I = envd   A…(iv)

Cbse Sample Paper, 2023 27

 (b) Here, I = I1 + I2 …(i)
Let V = Potential difference between A and B. e1,r1

For cell e1
Then, V = e1 – I1r1 I1

ε1 – V I I
⇒ I1 =
r1 A B

ε2 – V I2
Similarly, for cell e2, I2 =
r2
e2, r2
Putting these values in equation (i)
ε1 – V ε2 – V
I= +
r1 r2
ε1 ε2 1 1
or I= e + o – Vd r + r n
r1 r2 1 2

ε1r2 + ε2 r1 r1r2
or V= e o – Ie o …(ii)
r1 + r2 r1 + r2

Comparting the above equation with the equivalent circuit of emf ‘eeq’ and internal resistance ‘req’ then,
V = eeq – Ireq …(iii)
Then
ε1r2 + ε2 r1
(i) eeq =
r1 + r2
r1r2
(ii) req =
r1 + r2
(iii) The potential difference between A and B
V = eeq – Ireq
OR
(a) Junction rule: At any junction, the sum of the currents entering the junction is equal to the sum of currents
leaving the junction.
Loop rule: The algebraic sum of changes in potential around any closed loop involving resistors and cells
in the loop is zero.
(b) We know V = e1 – I1r1
ε1 − V
So, I1 =
r1
ε2 − V
Similarly, I2 =
r2

As the cells are in parallel, the potential difference across the cells is same, i.e. V1 = V2 = V
Now, I = I1 + I2
ε1 − V ε2 − V
\ I= e o+e o
r1 r2

28 Together with ® EAD Physics—12

 ε1 ε2
I= c + m − Vc + m
1 1
⇒ …(a)
r1 r2 r1 r2
ε1r2 + ε2 r1 r1 + r2
I= e o−V e o
r1.r2 r1.r2
ε1r2 + ε2 r1 r1r2
⇒ V= e o − Ie o …(b)
r1 + r2 r1 + r2
\ V = eeq – I req

(i) The expression for the equivalent emf of the combination

ε1r2 + ε2 r1
eeq = …(c)
r1 + r2
(ii) Expression for the equivalent resistance of the combination
r1r2
req = …(d)
r1 + r2
(iii) Expression for the potential difference between the points A and B.
ε1r2 + ε2 r1 r1r2
V= −e oI
r1 + r2 r1 + r2

33. (a) Intensity

–3l/a –2l/a –l/a 0 l/a 2l/a 3l/a

Diffraction angle (q)

Width of central maximum is twice that of any secondary maximum

(b) A
P
Q 60°
M
60°

B C

Given : ∠A = 60°, ∠i = 0°
1 3
At M : Sin C = = = sin 60°
µ 2
∴ C = 60°
So the ray PM after refraction from the face AC grazes along AC.
∴ ∠e = 90°
From ∠i + ∠e = ∠A + ∠d
Or 0° + 90° = 60° + ∠d
∴ d = 90° – 60° = 30°

Cbse Sample Paper, 2023 29

 OR
(a) (i) The interference pattern has a number of equally spaced bright and dark bands. The diffraction
pattern has a central bright maximum which is twice as wide as the other maxima. The intensity falls
as we go to successive maxima away from the centre, on either side.
(ii) We calculate the interference pattern by superposing two waves originating from the two narrow slits.
The diffraction pattern is a superposition of a continuous family of waves originating from each point
on a single slit.
A + δm
sin e o
60 + 30
sin c m
2 2
(b) (i) m= = = 2
A 60°
sin c m sin c m
2 2
c 3 × 108
Also m= ⇒ v= m/s
v 2
(ii) At face AC, let the angle of incidence be r2. For grazing ray, e = 90°
1 1
⇒ m= ⇒ r2 = sin –1 e o = 45°
sin r2 2 A
Let angle of refraction at face AB be r1.
Now, r 1 + r2 = A
\ r1 = A – r2 = 60° – 45° = 15°
i e
Let angle of incidence at this face be i r1 r2
sin i sin i
m= ⇒ 2 =
sin r1 sin 15°
\ i = sin–1 ( 2 . sin 15°) = 21.5° B C

34. (i) When the image is formed at infinity, we can see it with minimum strain in the ciliary muscles of the eye.
(ii) The multi-component lenses are used for both objective and the eyepiece to improve image quality by
minimising various optical aberrations in lenses.
(iii) (a) The compound microscope is used to observe minute nearby objects whereas the telescope is used
to observe distant objects.
(b) In compound microscope the focal length of the objective is lesser than that of the eyepiece whereas
in telescope the focal length of the objective is larger than that of the eyepiece.
OR
(iii) (a) The image formed by reflecting type telescope is brighter than that formed by refracting telescope.
(b) The image formed by the reflecting type telescope is more magnified than that formed by the refracting
type telescope.
35. (i) LEDs are made up of compound semiconductors and not by the elemental conductor because the band
gap in the elemental conductor has a value that can detect the light of a wavelength which lies in the
infrared (IR) region.
(ii) 1.8 eV to 3 eV
(iii) LED is reversed biased that is why it is not glowing.
OR
(iii) V-I Characteristic curves of pn junction diode in forward biasing and reverse biasing.
(a) (b) Reverse bias voltage (V)
0
Reverse current (µA)

Breakdown
voltage

Forward bias voltage (V)

30 Together with ® EAD Physics—12