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5 - Lec 5 Computer Software-1

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13 views39 pages

5 - Lec 5 Computer Software-1

Uploaded by

o0kwame0o
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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You are on page 1/ 39

BCS101- Computer Science Fundamentals

Fall 2024 / 2025

Lec 5: Computer Software

Dr. Esraa Mosleh


Agenda
• Boot Process

• Software Categories

• Application Software

• Operating System (OS)

• System Utilities 2
Starting the Computer
• The cold booting process begins when the power is turned on.
• There are several steps to a cold boot:
(1) ROM loads BIOS (Basic Input/Output System) into the
computer’s memory.
(2) BIOS conducts a Power-On Self-Test (POST) to check the
input/output system for operability.
(3) BIOS searches for the operating system settings in the CMOS
(complementary metal-oxide semiconductor) determine where to
look for the OS.
(4)The kernel ( the essential OS components) is loaded into memory
from storage.
(5) OS takes control of the computer.
The Boot Process
Configuring the System
• The system is configured from the OS’s registry.
• Drivers and utility programs are loaded into memory.
• System utilities (volume control, antivirus software, etc.) are
loaded into memory.
• Authentication or user login occurs.
• User interface begins, enabling user interaction with computer
programs.
Managing Programs
• Single-tasking systems run one application program at a time.
• Multitasking operating systems have the ability to run more
than one application program at a time.
• Multitasking is accomplished by:
❑ Foreground application– Active program or program in use
❑ Background application– Inactive program or program not
in use
Example of Multitasking
Background
Application

Foreground
Application
User Interface
• The user interface is that part of the operating system that
enables the user to interact with it.

• Two types of user interfaces:

❑ Command-line– Requires the user to type keywords or


commands to enter data or give instructions.

❑ Graphical user interface (GUI)– Uses a graphics


environment made up of objects, icons, buttons and menus.
Command-Line Interface
Graphical User Interface (GUI)
Software Categories
Application Software
Document Production
Spread Sheets
Database Management
Graphics Software
Software Suite
System Software
System software includes all the programs needed
to keep the computer and its peripheral devices
running smoothly.
Two major categories of system software:
✓ Operating system (OS)
✓ System Utilities
Software Categories (cont.)
Utility Software
Device Drivers
Operating System (OS)
• An operating system is a set of programs that perform certain
basic functions.
• Some functions of the operating system are:
❑ Starting the computer
❑ Managing programs
❑ Distributing memory
❑ Coordinating the processor and peripheral devices
❑ Enabling user interaction with the computer
Operating System
Popular Operating Systems
MS-DOS LINUX

UNIX

MAC OS WINDOWS XP
MS-DOS

• Developed for IBM PCs in 1981

• Uses command-line interface


MAC OS
• First to use a graphical user interface in 1984
• Easiest operating system for beginners
Windows 95 and 98

Windows 95 Windows 98
• True operating system • Improved version of Windows 95
• Uses preemptive multitasking • More stable than Windows 95
• Downward compatible with DOS
• Considered a transitional system
Windows 2000
• Two versions:
Microsoft Windows 2000 Professional
Microsoft Windows 2000 Server
• Better stability and more features
Windows XP
Replaces all previous versions of Windows
Three versions:
Windows XP Home Edition
Windows XP Professional
Windows XP Server
UNIX
• Developed by AT&T in 1970s
• Developed concepts of file
management and path names
• Client/server networking system
• Widely used by corporations
Linux
• Developed in 1991 by UNIX
• Competes with Windows and MAC
• Powerful and free
• Growing fast in acceptance
• Uses Apache web server
System Utilities
System utilities are programs that help the operating system manage the computer
system’s resources.
• Types of utilities:
❑ File management
❑ File finders
❑ Backup utilities
❑ Antivirus software
❑ File compression
❑ Disk scanning
File Management Utilities

Known as a file manager.


Enables the user to perform various tasks
with files, folders, and directories on
storage devices.
Tasks include:
Creating folders
Saving, deleting, copying, and moving files
and folders
Examining the contents of files
Launching application programs
File Finders
File finders are programs that enable the user to find files on
a storage device.
35

Backup Utilities
Backup utilities are programs that enable the user to copy
data from the hard disk to another storage medium.
36

Antivirus Software
Antivirus software protects the computer from computer viruses.
37

File Compression Utility


A file compression utility reduces the size of a file.
38

Disk Scanning Utility


A disk scanning utility is a program that detects and fixes physical and logical
problems on storage devices.
Thanks for your
kind listening

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