College of Engineering and Technology

Electronics and Communication Department

EEC3220 Introduction to Communication Systems

LECTURE (1) – INTRODUCTION

Dr. Dina A. Ragab

10/7/2024 1
Lecture (1) - Introduction
Contacts

 Lecturer: Dr. Dina A. Ragab

 Email: dinaragab@aast.edu
 Section and Lab: Eng. Hesham Tarek
 Email: hesham_tarek@aast.edu

Dr. Dina A. Ragab

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Lecture (1) - Introduction
Text Book

Charles L. Philips, John Parr, and Eve Riskin “Signals,

Systems and Transforms,” 4th Edition, Prentice Hall,
2008.

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Lecture (1) - Introduction
Grading System
 7th Week = 30%
 5% : Section (5th)
 5%: Lab (5th)
 20%: Exam (7th)

 12th Week = 20%

 5% : Section (10th)
 15%: Exam (12th)

 10% = Lab Exam (14th)

 40% = Final Exam

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Lecture (1) - Introduction
ABET Outcomes

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Course Outline
Week Description
1 Introduction
2 Types of Signals – Types of Systems
3 Fourier Series
4 Fourier Transform
5 Fourier Transform Properties (1)
6 Fourier Transform Properties (2) – Convolution
7 7th week Exam
8 Fourier Transform of Special Functions
9 Fourier Transform for Periodic Signals
10 Correlation
11 Filters in Time and Frequency Domain
12 12th week Exam
13 Amplitude and Frequency Modulation
14 Digital Systems and Digital Modulation Techniques
15 Revision
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Lecture (1) - Introduction
 Lecture (1)
Introduction

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Lecture (1) - Introduction
Introduction
 This course is an introductory course to communication, thus we
need to really understand what does the word communication
mean?
Communication: send message from point to point.
 To be able to share, 3 things should exist:
1. Sender (message)
Form a Communication
2. Media System
3. Receiver

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Lecture (1) - Introduction
What is a Communication System?
 Every day, in our work, we come in contact with and use a
variety of communication systems.
 Examples:
telephones, internet, television, radio,.....etc.
 The heart of any communication system consists of three basic
parts, namely:
1. Transmitter
2. Channel
3. Receiver

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Lecture (1) - Introduction
What is a Communication System?

RF
Modulator RF
Receiver

Information source Output Signal

and input transducer Transmitter Channel Receiver and output transducer

• Antenna •Copper Wire • Loud speaker

• Microphone • Antenna
•Modulator •Fibre cable • Television
• Video camera •Demodulator
•Free space

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 The information generated by the source can be in
form of the following:
 Form of voice (speech source).
 A picture (image source).
 Plain text in some particular language, such as
English, Japanese, German, French, etc.

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Lecture (1) - Introduction
Cont’d
What is a Transducer?
 A transducer is usually required to convert the output of the source into
an electrical signal that is suitable for transmission.
Examples:
 A microphone serves as the transducer, that converts an acoustic

speech signal into an electrical signal.

 A video camera converts an image into an electrical signal.

 At the destination, a similar transducer is required to convert the

electrical that is suitable for the user; i.e. acoustic signal that are
received into a form signal, image etc.
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Lecture (1) - Introduction
Communication System
What is a Transmitter?
 The transmitter converts the signal into a form that is suitable for
transmission through the physical channel or Transmission medium.
 For example, in radio and TV broadcast, the Federal Communication
Commission (FCC) specifies the frequency range for each transmitting
station.
 The transmitter must translate the information signal to be transmitted
into appropriate frequency range that matches the frequency allocation
assigned to the transmitter.

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 Dr. Dina A. Ragab
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Cont’d
 In general, the transmitter performs the matching
of the message signal to the channel by a process
called “modulation”.
 Usually, modulation involves the use of a strong
carrier signal (usually sinusoidal) to carry the
information signal on its amplitude, frequency or
phase.

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Lecture (1) - Introduction
Cont’d
What is the Channel?
 The communication channel is the physical medium that is used to send
the signal from the transmitter to the receiver. In other words it is what
connects the transmitter and the receiver.
 In wireless transmission the channel is the free space.
 Telephone channels usually employ a variety of physical media, including
wire-lines, optical fibre cables, wireless (microwave radio).
 Whatever the physical medium of the signal transmission, the essential
feature is that the transmitted signal is corrupted in a RANDOM manner by
a variety of possible mechanism.

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Lecture (1) - Introduction
Cont’d
What is a Receiver?
 The fidelity of the received message signal is a function of the following:
 The type of modulation.
 The strength of the additive noise.
 The type and strength of any other additive interference.
 Besides performing the primary function of signal demodulation, the
receiver also performs a number of peripheral functions, including
signal filtering and noise/interference suppression.

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Lecture (1) - Introduction
Signal Classification
What is a signal?
 Signal is formally defined as a function of one or more independent variable (such as
time, position, frequency or space) that conveys information on the nature of a
physical phenomenon. Mathematically, signals are
f(t) represented as a function of
Examples: one or more independent
o Electrical signals. variables
o Electromagnetic signals.
o Optical signals.
o Mechanical /Motion signals.
o Video signals.
o Image signals.

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How Can a Signal be Represented?

Signal

Time Domain Frequency Domain

Representation Representation

Why we use frequency and time domains? When to use each?

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Lecture (1) - Introduction
Different Classes of Signals
1. Continuous-time and discrete-time signals.
2. Analog and digital signals.
3. Even and odd signals
4. Periodic and non-periodic (aperiodic) signals
5. Deterministic or random signals

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Lecture (1) - Introduction
 Thank you
Good Luck

Dr. Dina A. Ragab

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Lecture (1) - Introduction