PROJECT REPORT

ON
‘REINFORCEMENT DETAILS OF
STAIRCASE’

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 A PROJECT REPORT ON
“REINFORCEMENT DETAILS OF STAIRCASE”
SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR
THE AWARD OF
DIPLOMA IN
CIVIL ENGINEERING

SUBMITTED TO
MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION,MUMBAI
SUBMITTED BY

ROLL. NO. NAME OF STUDENT ENROLLMENT NO.

6. ASHISH. A. SHIRSAT 2201160077
13. VARAD. P. PARSE 2201160100
20. SHIVAM. J. PANDEY 23110220150
36. PRATIK. P. CHAVAN 2201160122
27. DHARMANATH. J. BAJAGE 2201160071

GUIDED BY : M. A JADHAV SIR

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 GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC THANECERTIFICATE
This is to Certify that the project report entitled “REINFORCEMENT
DETAILS OF STAIRCASE” was successfully completed by student of fifth
semester Diploma in (Civil Engineering)

ROLL. NO. NAME OF STUDENT ENROLLMENT NO.

6. ASHISH. A. SHIRSAT 2201160077
13. VARAD. P. PARSE 2201160100
20. SHIVAM. J. PANDEY 23110220150
36. PRATIK. P. CHAVAN 2201160122
27. DHARMANATH . J. BAJAGE 2201160071

In partial fulfilment of the requirement for the award of the

Diploma in CIVIL ENGINEERING and submitted to the Department of
CIVIL ENGINEERING OF GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC THANE work
carried out during a period for the academic year 2024-25 as per
curriculum.
M. A. JADHAV Dr.D.R. MAHAJAN Dr. D.R. MAHAJAN

GUIDE HEAD OF DEPARTMENT PRINCIPAL

 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We would like to express our special thanks of gratitude to our

project guide M. A. Jadhav as well as our principal Dr. D.R. Mahajan
sir who gave us the golden opportunity to do this wonderful project
on the topic “REINFORCEMENT OF STAIRCASE”, which also help us
to doing lot of research and we came to know about so many new
Things. We really thankful to them.
Secondly we would like to thank our parents and friends who
helped us a lot in finalizing this project within the limited time
frame.

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 ABSTRACT

❖ ABSTRACT ABOUT STAIRCASE :

A staircase is not only a structural necessity but also a significant

element in architectural design, often serving as a focal point that defines
the flow and character of a space. It connects different levels of a building,
ensuring safe and efficient movement, while influencing the overall spatial
organization and circulation patterns.

Staircase design incorporates considerations of ergonomics, safety

standards, materials, and aesthetics. The dimensions of tread, rise, and
handrails are carefully calibrated to ensure comfort and compliance with
building codes.

In terms of design, staircases can range from simple, functional

designs to elaborate, artistic constructions that complement the
architectural style of a building.

Types of staircases include straight, spiral, helical, and curved, each

offering unique advantages in terms of space utilization and visual appeal.
Additionally, materials such as wood, steel, concrete, glass, and even stone
can be used to create distinctive finishes, further enhancing the staircase's
role in the interior design.

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 INDEX

SR. NO. DESCRIPTION PAGE NO.

1. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 4

2. ABSTRACT 5

3. CHAPTER 1 : INTRODUCTION 7

4. CHAPTER 2 : TYPE OF STAIRCASE 8

5. CHAPTER 3 : TECHNICAL TERMS 9

6. CHAPTER 4: IS CODE 456 10

7. CHAPTER 5: LITERATURE REVIEW 11
8. 12
CHAPTER 5: METHODOLOGY

9. CHAPTER 5: PLAN & R/F DETAILS 13

10. CONCLUSION & REFERENCE 14

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 CHAPTER 1 : INTRODUCTION

The staircase project involves the design, planning, and construction of

a functional and aesthetically pleasing staircase that serves as a key element
in connecting different levels of a building. Staircases are essential
components of architectural design, providing both practical accessibility
and contributing to the overall visual appeal of a space.

This project aims to create a staircase that not only meets safety and
ergonomic standards but also complements the architectural style and
design theme of the building.

The project encompasses various stages, from conceptual design to

material selection, structural engineering, and the final installation. Careful
consideration is given to factors such as the dimensions of the steps, load-
bearing requirements, accessibility, and compliance with local building
codes. Additionally, the staircase's role in enhancing the interior ambiance
and spatial flow is an important aspect of the design process.

Through this project, we seek to create a staircase that balances form

and function, enhancing the usability and aesthetic experience of the space
it inhabits. Whether a simple, functional structure or a more elaborate,
sculptural design, the staircase will be a central feature that adds both
utility and beauty to the building.

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 CHAPTER 2 : TYPE OF STAIRCASE

Depend mainly on the type and function of the building, and on architectural
requirements. ▪Type of staircase:-

1.Straight flight (floor to floor, with/out landing, used where space is limited)

2.Quarter turn (rises to landing between floors, turn to 90°, space saving)

3.Half turn/dog-legged (rises to landing between floors, turn to 180°,

used in most building)

4.Geometrical (spiral, elliptical, extravagant, used in prestigious building)

LOCATION OF STAIRCASE

• It should be so located as to provide easy access to the occupants of the building.

• It should be so located that it is well lighted and ventilated directly from the exterior.

• It should be so located as to have approaches convenient and spacious.

• It public building it should be located near main entrance and in residential building it
should be placed centrally.

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 CHAPTER : 3 TECHNICAL TERMS IN STAIRCASE

1.STEP:- It is a portion of stair which permits ascent or descent. A stair is

composed of a set of steps.
2.TREAD:- It is a upper horizontal portion of a step upon which foot is placed
while ascending or descending.
3.RISER:- It is a vertical portion of a step providing support to the tread.
4.LANDING:- It is level platform at the top or bottom of a flight between the
floors.
5.FLIGHT:- This is an unbroken series of steps between landing.
6.RISE:- It is a vertical distance between two successive tread faces.
7.GOING:- It is a horizontal distance between two successive riser faces.
8.NOSING:- It is the projecting part of the tread beyond the face of riser.
9.SCOTIA:- It is a moulding provided under the nosing to provide strength to
nosing.
10.SOFFIT:- it is the underside of a stair.
11.PITCH OR SLOPE:- It is the angle which the line of nosing of the stair makes
with the horizontal.

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 CHAPTER : 4 IS 456:2000 SPECIFICATIONS FOR STAIRCASE

Indian Standard (IS) 456:2000 provides guidelines and specifications for the design and
construction of reinforced concrete staircases. Here are some key specifications
related to staircases from IS 456:2000:

Clause 13: Staircases

1. Minimum width: 900 mm (3 feet) for residential buildings and 1,200 mm (4 feet) for
public buildings.
2. Rise and Tread:
- Maximum rise: 190 mm (7.5 inches)
- Minimum tread: 250 mm (10 inches)
- Maximum nosing projection: 25 mm (1 inch)
3. Staircase angle: 30° to 35°
4. Landings:
- Minimum size: 1,200 mm x 1,200 mm (4 feet x 4 feet)
- Maximum distance between landings: 12 meters (40 feet)
5. Handrails:
- Minimum height: 900 mm (3 feet)
- Maximum height: 1,000 mm (3.3 feet)
6. Guardrails:
- Minimum height: 1,000 mm (3.3 feet)
- Maximum height: 1,200 mm (4 feet)

Clause 14: Reinforced Concrete

1. Concrete grade: M20 or higher
2. Cement: OPC 53 Grade or higher
3. Reinforcement:
- Minimum reinforcement area: 0.8% of gross cross-sectional area
- Maximum reinforcement area: 6% of gross cross-sectional area

Clause 15: Structural Design

1. Load calculations:
- Dead load: self-weight of staircase
- Live load: 500 kg/m² (minimum)
- Wind load: as per IS 875 (Part 3)
- Seismic load: as per IS 1893 (Part 1)
2. Design methodology: Limit State Method or Working Stress Method

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 CHAPTER : 5 LITERATURE REVIEW

Literature reviews on reinforcement details of staircases :

1.Reinforcement Details for Staircases by S. S. Bhavikatti (2016)

Journal: Journal of Structural Engineering
Summary: This paper reviews various reinforcement details for staircases,
including tread and riser reinforcement, stringer and landing reinforcement,
and column and beam reinforcement.
Key Findings:- 1.Tread and riser reinforcement: 10-20 mm diameter bars
spaced at 150-300 mm c/c
2.Stringer and landing reinforcement: 16-25 mm diameter bars spaced at
200-400 mm c/c
3.Column and beam reinforcement: 20-32 mm diameter bars spaced at 250-
500 mm c/c

2.Design and Detailing of Reinforced Concrete Staircases" by A. K. Jain

(2018)
Journal: Journal of Concrete Research
Summary: This paper discusses the design and detailing of reinforced
concrete staircases, including reinforcement details, load calculations, and
construction techniques.
Key Findings:-1.Reinforcement detailing: main bars, stirrups, and
anchorages
2.Load calculations: dead load, live load, wind load, and seismic load
3.Construction techniques: cast-in-situ, precast, and composite construction

3.Staircase Reinforcement: A Review by R. K. Singh (2020)

Journal: International Journal of Advanced Research
Summary: This paper reviews various staircase reinforcement details,
including rebar spacing, size, and material, and discusses the importance of
proper reinforcement detailing.
Key Findings:-1.Rebar spacing: 100-300 mm c/c for tread and riser
reinforcement
2.Rebar size: 10-32 mm diameter for main bars and stirrups
3.Material: high-strength concrete and steel rebar

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 CHAPTER : 5 METHODOLOGY

Materials Needed:-
1.Binding Wire (1kg)
2.PVC pipes or tubes (for representation of concrete cover)
3.Cardboard or foam board (for base)
4.Thermocoal (for staircase framework)
5.Glue (hot glue, epoxy, or super glue)
6.Cutting tools (wire cutters, scissors, craft knife)
7.Ruler or straightedge
8.Pencil or marker

Methodology:

Step 1: Design and Planning

1. Type of staircase :- straight or single flight staircase
2. Create a detailed drawing or sketch of the reinforcement design
3. Measure and calculate the dimensions of the reinforcement components

Step 2: Base Preparation

1. Cut the cardboard or foam board to the desired base size
2. Draw the staircase layout on the base using a pencil or marker

Step 3: Staircase Framework Construction

1. Cut the thermocoal to create the staircase framework (stringers, treads, and risers)
2. Assemble the framework using glue

Step 4: Reinforcement Representation

1. Cut wire to represent rebar (reinforcing bars)
2. Bend and shape the wire to mimic the rebar layout
3. Create rebar cages for columns, beams, and staircase components

Step 5: Concrete Cover Representation

1. Cut PVC pipes or tubes to represent concrete cover
2. Assemble the pipes/tubes around the rebar cages
3. Glue the pipes/tubes in place

Step 6: Reinforcement Detailing

1. Add stirrups (transverse reinforcement)
2. Add longitudinal reinforcement (e.g., main bars)
3. Add anchorages (e.g., hooks, bends)
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CHAPTER 6 : PLAN & REINFORCEMENT DETAILS OF STAIRCASE

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 CONCLUSIONS

The staircase project has effectively met its objectives of providing a safe,
functional, and visually appealing solution for vertical circulation within the building.
Through careful planning and design, the project focused on ensuring structural
integrity, meeting safety standards, and enhancing the aesthetic quality of the space.
Key considerations included choosing durable materials, reinforcing critical structural
elements, and optimizing the dimensions for ease of use and comfort.

The staircase serves not only as a practical connection between different levels
but also as a prominent architectural feature that contributes to the overall design of
the building. Reinforcement details were thoughtfully incorporated to ensure long-
term stability and minimal maintenance.

Ultimately, the project has successfully balanced engineering requirements with

aesthetic considerations, delivering a staircase that enhances both the functionality
and visual appeal of the building. The result is a well-integrated and durable structure
that will continue to serve its purpose for years to come.
 REFERENCE

https://structville.com/2016/08/design-of-reinforced-concrete-staircase-according-to-eurocode-2.html

INDIAN STANDARD CODE 456: 2000

SOME REFERENCE BOOKS

DESIGN OF R.C.C STAIRCASE

****END OF THIS REPORT *****

THANK YOU

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