Scribd
Upload
6 views2 pages

5 Minute Summary Lecture - 1

Unsupervised learning is a machine learning approach that identifies patterns in untagged data, focusing on relationships rather than predictions. K-Means is a popular clustering algorithm that partitions data into clusters based on proximity to centroids, utilizing Lloyd's Algorithm for convergence. Evaluating K-Means can be challenging due to the lack of labels, with methods like the Elbow Method and Silhouette Score helping to determine the optimal number of clusters.

Uploaded by

Bishal chinmay das
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
6 views2 pages

5 Minute Summary Lecture - 1

Unsupervised learning is a machine learning approach that identifies patterns in untagged data, focusing on relationships rather than predictions. K-Means is a popular clustering algorithm that partitions data into clusters based on proximity to centroids, utilizing Lloyd's Algorithm for convergence. Evaluating K-Means can be challenging due to the lack of labels, with methods like the Elbow Method and Silhouette Score helping to determine the optimal number of clusters.

Uploaded by

Bishal chinmay das
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 2

🧶

5 minute Summary Lecture - 1


Introduction to Unsupervised Learning
Unsupervised learning is a type of machine learning where the algorithm learns
patterns from untagged data. The goal is to model the underlying structure or
distribution in the data to learn more about it. Unlike supervised learning,
unsupervised learning doesn't work with predictions or labels; instead, it focuses on
finding relationships within the data.

Clustering and K-Means Algorithm


Clustering is a significant part of unsupervised learning aimed at grouping sets of
objects in such a way that objects in the same group (called a cluster) are more
similar to each other than to those in other groups. K-Means is one of the simplest
and most popular clustering algorithms. It aims to partition n observations into k
clusters in which each observation belongs to the cluster with the nearest mean.

The Math Behind K-Means


K-Means clustering works by initializing k centroids randomly, then iterating over two
steps:

1. Assignment step: Assign each data point to the nearest centroid.

2. Update step: Update the centroids to be the mean of the points assigned to
them.

5 minute Summary Lecture - 1 1


The process repeats until the assignments no longer change or the changes are
below a certain threshold, indicating that the algorithm has converged.

Lloyd's Algorithm
Lloyd's Algorithm, often synonymous with K-Means, refers to the two-step iterative
approach K-Means uses to converge on a solution. It's worth noting that while
efficient, Lloyd's algorithm can sometimes fall into local minima, and its performance
can be sensitive to the initial choice of centroids.

Implementing K-Means from Scratch


When implementing K-Means from scratch, the key steps involve initializing centroids
randomly, then iteratively updating the cluster assignments and the centroids until the
algorithm converges. This process involves calculating distances between data
points and centroids, typically using Euclidean distance, and recalculating cluster
centroids after every assignment step.

Determining the Optimal Number of Clusters (K)


Determining the right number of clusters, K, is crucial for K-Means performance.
Techniques like the Elbow Method involve plotting the within-cluster sum of squares
(WCSS) against the number of clusters and looking for the "elbow" point where the
rate of decrease sharply changes. The Silhouette Score is another method, provides
a measure of how similar an object is to its own cluster compared to other clusters.

Practical Application: Customer Segmentation


Applying K-Means for customer segmentation involves preprocessing steps like
feature scaling, followed by fitting the K-Means model to the data and interpreting the
resulting clusters. Each cluster can represent a different customer segment, which
can then be targeted with tailored marketing strategies.

Evaluation and Challenges


Evaluating unsupervised learning models like K-Means can be challenging due to the
absence of ground truth labels. Metrics like the Dunn Index, which involves the ratio
of the smallest distance between observations not in the same cluster to the largest
intra-cluster distance, can be used. However, the ultimate measure often involves
domain-specific knowledge and the practical usefulness of the clustering results.

5 minute Summary Lecture - 1 2

You might also like

pFad - Phonifier reborn

Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.

Note: This service is not intended for secure transactions such as banking, social media, email, or purchasing. Use at your own risk. We assume no liability whatsoever for broken pages.


Alternative Proxies:

Alternative Proxy

pFad Proxy

pFad v3 Proxy

pFad v4 Proxy